Gịnị bụ Gibbs free ike?

Free Gibbs ike - bụ a bara uru na-egosi na larịị nke ike mgbanwe a chemical mmeghachi omume, na dị ka a n'ihi nke na-enye azịza a ajụjụ banyere ekwe omume nke chemical Jeremaya mere. Nke a nwere ike nwere ike iwere maka a zuru usoro chemical ume (mmiri mmiri crystal, na na. D.). Gibbs free ike na ọtụtụ-eji onwu na thermodynamics.

The n'amaghi eruba n'ime isobaric-isothermal Filiks kpebisiri ike site na-esonụ ihe: enthalpy na entropy. The mbụ jikọtara a ọnụ ke enthalpy nke usoro, mgbe nke abụọ tụkọtara larịị ruru ka onye na-abawanye na usoro n'ihi ịba ụba nke ya entropy. Ihe dị iche kọwara thermodynamic-akpata na-bụ a ọrụ nke usoro na-ekwu, nke a maara dị ka isobaric-isothermal nwere, ma ọ bụ ndị Gibbs free ume (G, King James Version).

Spontaneous usoro na-emeghe ma na-emechi usoro a kọwara kpọmkwem ibiere, kpọrọ ndị Gibbs nwere. N'ezie, ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọrụ. D. US Geological Gibbs, mgbe na-arụ ọrụ thermodynamic usoro, me nke a mma site enthalpy na entropy. Gibbs free ike na-enye ohere ịkọ ntụziaka nke eruba nke n'amaghi ndu usoro, na inwale ya theoretically pụrụ iru arụmọrụ.

Banyere nke abụọ iwu nke thermodynamics Gibbs ubiere nwere ike chịkọtara dị ka ndị a: na mgbe nile nsogbu na okpomọkụ na-enweghị mmetụta n'èzí usoro ga-enwe larịị nke n'amaghi eruba naanị n'ibu nke-eme ruru ka ibelata uru nke Gibbs nwere iji a larịị nke pụtara n'elu-eru ha otu ebe kacha nta. Ya mere, nke itule nke thermodynamic usoro-ekpebi immutability nke free ike. Ya mere, nwere nke Gibbs 'free enthalpy bụ na isobaric-isothermal usoro. Ka anyị na-akọwa ihe mere ọ na-egosi kacha nta. Nke a na-kọwara a postulate mkpa ịha thermodynamics, dị ka ndị a: a nyere ala na ọnọdụ nke mgbe nile okpomọkụ ma na nsogbu pụtara na ndị na-esonụ mgbanwe dị mkpa iji na-amụba ume larịị, na nke a bụ omume na naanị na-agbanwe agbanwe na mpụga ihe.

Na ihe pụtara free ike? Site na nke a okwu a pụtara na usoro nke inweta na-akparaghị ókè ichekwa ike enweghị ma ọ bụ na obere mmefu nke ike. Nke ahụ bụ, ike enwetara site na anyanwụ, hydroelectric, ifufe tobaim - bụ free ike, n'ihi na anyị anaghị imefusị ike na anyanwụ na ụzarị da n'ala, mmiri na-asọpụta n'ime osimiri ma ọ bụ ifufe adaha. Dị otú ahụ isi mmalite anyị gburugburu na e nwere ọtụtụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka nọ na-amaghị ka sayensị. Nke ahụ bụ na ha site n'oge ruo n'oge na 'sụrụ ngọngọ' Dị Iche Iche echepụta experimenters. Otu n'ime ndị a mepụtara bụ free ike nke na naa. Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ike nke na ọ natara, were ya si malite si ether (agụụ). Ọ bụ ihe nwute na ya mepụtara dịghị mgbe e wetara ya ezi uche ọgwụgwụ. Otú ọ dị, ndị dị otú ahụ emeekwala-anọgide na-agba mbọ, usoro anaghị akwụsị. Taa, e nwere ọtụtụ nchọpụta Kemịkalụ, ndabere nke nke - free ike. The circuit nke otu n'ime ndị dị otú ahụ ngwaọrụ, ahụ n'elu.