Gịnị bụ OLEDs?

Na mbata nke mba uwa na echiche nke na-adigide mmepe, nke na-agụnye Osisi Dịkwuo nke dum ụlọ ọrụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi mmata nke n'ji ngwongwo, nke nwere designation "organic", bụ nke oké mmasị na ina. Na OLEDs ndị sokwa. New nkà na ụzụ ngwọta na ọhụrụ ngwaahịa mgbe niile adọta uche nke "elu" ọrụ, na-ijeụkwụ na ugboro. Gịnị bụ na ọ na - OLEDs, ihe bụ ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ ha na atụmanya? Nke a bụ isiokwu nke isiokwu a.

Ezi a bit nke akụkọ ihe mere eme

Electroluminescent Njirimara nke organic ihe chọpụtara na 1950 site na French physics Andre Bernanoz. Ma ọ bụ nanị na 1987 chọpụtara enwetara a na nkà na ụzụ ngwọta na mbụ OLED-ngwaọrụ arụpụtara site "Kodak". Na na 2000, dị nnọọ atọ chemists - A. MacDiarmid na H. Shirakawa na A. Heeger - e ọdịda nke Nobel Nrite maka ya nchoputa na ubi nke organic Polymers tonkoprovodyaschih. Naanị na 2008, wee na-ere mbụ OLED-oriọna OSRAM ụlọ ọrụ, nke e mere nanị 25 mbipụta na a price nke 25 puku euro. Taa, ndị a na oriọna na-enye ọtụtụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị na a price nke 500 euro, na e nwere ọtụtụ ebe na OLED-technology: PHOLED, TOLED, FOLED na ndị ọzọ na ndị kwere nghọta naanị ọkachamara.

Ebe organic?

Oddly ezu, ma were nke okwu "organic" na a na-ekwu nwere dịghị mmekọrita na ngwaahịa nke anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ihe oriri malite. OLEDs ma ọ bụ OLED (si English Organic Light emitting Diode), - a okporo ọkụ mere nke a carbon ihe onwunwe nke site radieshon mgbe agafe therethrough ihe eletrik. Na-eji ha rụpụta ngwaahịa nke organic onwu (carbon ogige), nke na-enye ohere ka ha na-akpọ organic LEDs.

The ngwaọrụ na mejupụtara

The ngwaọrụ mejupụtara anọ n'akụkụ: a isi, ihe anode, a cathode, na radiating conductive oyi akwa. The isi ma ọ bụ na mkpụrụ nwere ike iko, plastic ma ọ bụ dara efere. The anode bụ indium oxide doped na tin. Conductive oyi akwa na emitting n'ígwé bụ Polymers, ala molekụla ibu organic ogige. The cathode mere si aluminum, calcium, ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ metal.

The technology na-arụ ọrụ na-maka ọmụmụ physics

Organic ìhè-emitting diodes mere ndokwa na ụkpụrụ nke a Sanwichi. Ọtụtụ mkpa n'ígwé nke organic Semiconductors sandwiched n'etiti raznozaryazhennymi electrodes (nti na na-ezighị ezi). Na na ọ bụ ndokwa na ndabere nke uzo onwunwe - iko ma ọ bụ plastic (e.g., mgbanwe polyimide). Mgbe ugbu a na-aga site na electrodes, ha na-etolite na ebubo ahụ (electrons na quasiparticles). Ná nkezi, ihe organic oyi akwa ahụ na-lekwasị na ike elu ume excitation, nke mere ka ìhè emission nke dị iche iche na agba nke organic oyi akwa. AMOLED otú bụ kpomkwem fluorescent ma ọ bụ fosforetsentnye organic n'ígwé.

Ụdị matriks organic ìhè emitting diodes

OLED-ngosipụta na ụdị nke matriks ekewa ifịk-matriks na n'ezinụlọ-matriks. Active-matriks mkpa-film na ngwaọrụ na-achịkwa ubi-mmetụta transistors, nke na-emi odude n'okpuru anode foil. Ndị n'ezinụlọ-matriks image na-eme na nrutu ebe perpendicularly ndokwa anode na cathode ibe, mgbe akara a rụrụ na mpụga circuit. Site na nke a n'ọnọdụ, e nwere atọ agba atụmatụ OLED-ngosipụta:

• Na iche iche acha emitters - atọ organic matriks emit atọ bụ isi na agba (-acha anụnụ anụnụ, green na red) site na nke ihe oyiyi a kpụrụ.
• Na atọ ọcha emitters na pụrụ iche na agba nzacha.
• Blue emitters tọghatara mmiri na ebili mmiri na wavelengths nke red na green.

oge a na ngwa

N'oge anyị a, OLED-technology na-eji tumadi na uzkospetsializovannyh nmepe. Holography na abalị ọhụụ ngwaọrụ, organic ngosipụta redio na dijitalụ ese foto, phones ákwà na ọkụ, TV na na Monitors - niile a bụ eziokwu nke OLED-technology.

The ọrụ ndụ nke OLED-ngwaọrụ

All oge a ngwaọrụ, site na iji nkà na ụzụ, n'oge ọ pụta ìhè oké ike ọgwụgwụ na agba ihie. Ọbụna na oghere, a chọpụtara fragility emission OLEDs. Resource ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ taa na-ewere ihe fọrọ emechi mgbe na ihuenyo ihie ebelata ka 50%. Ọrụ a na-kwụsịrị n'ihi na a nyere index nke banyere 70%. Ma corporations etinye na mmepe nke teknụzụ ndị a na-nāmiputa pụta - ọtụtụ mgbe n'ji na-agbanwe agbanwe na-bụzi ihe mgbe ochie ngwaọrụ ọbụna tupu o kwesịrị ekwesị ka nso na njedebe nke ndụ.

kacha mma mma

The kasị panel na organic ìhè-emitting diodes maka taa - bụ ngwaahịa nke a na nkwonkwo oru ngo nke corporations OSRAM, Philips, Novaled, Fraunhoter IPMS. Panel size - 33 na 33 cm, na-arụsi ọrụ ike akụkụ nke ebe - 828 sq. cm, na aperture ruru - 76%. Mgbe ihie 1 puku candelas kwa square mita nke ìhè agbanwe oge nke ahụ nke 25 lumens kwa watt. Ere taa, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ Lumiotec panel nwere a size nke 15 site 15 sentimita na a luminous agbanwe oge nke 60 lumens kwa watt, nke bụ hà a fluorescent bọlb. A Panasonic Corporation na 2020 atụmatụ ẹkedori n'ime ahịa OLED ngosi na a luminous agbanwe oge nke 128 lumens kwa watt. Ebe ọ bụ na mpi American ụlọ ọrụ DOE, nke na-ekwe nkwa panel na eruba udu ruo 170 lumens kwa watt.

Atụmanya OLED-ogwe

Kasị ẹdude ụdị ndị prototypes taa. Ha bụ oké ọnụ, na-mere na mmachi batches, adịghị ehulata, ma na-adịghị zuru ezu irè. Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ga-elekwasị anya na mbenata na-eri nke oru ngo, na-amụba size ma rụọ ọrụ arụpụtaghị. Ọkachamara na-ekwu ntoputa nke uka nke ngwaahịa na oké ọnụ ahịa na ụwa ahịa site 2020.

OLED-ọkụ

OLEDs na ọkụ ma na ahịa na-amalite amalite. Mass mmepụta nke ngwaahịa a bụghị ma ulo oru ọ bụla ụlọ ọrụ. The price nke ndị dị otú ahụ na oriọna ka ezi elu maka nkezi n'ji, na ìhè na ndụ batrị bụ ogbenye. Ntụgharị nke 75 ijeri US dolla na ụwa ahịa, nke bụ nkezi nke OLED-ọkụ - a kama obere ego. Bụghịkwa nke ndị a na ngwaahịa na-adịghị eke mmadụ, na ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ imewe nke ngwá ụlọ na ogige, nakwa dị ka nke akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ.

Uru na ọghọm

Na OLEDs, e nwere uru na ọghọm. N'ime ihe ndị mbụ-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha nke ala ike oriri na edo nkesa ìhè gafee panel, elu arụmọrụ, gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na juu ìhè. Ma isi uru - ọ bụ ohere na-enye ha mgbanwe na subtlety. A mwepu bụ fragility ọrụ diodes, oké ọnụ na nkà na ụzụ nsogbu (organic akụrụngwa na-oxidized na kọntaktị na mmiri, nke na-achọ ndị ọzọ akara). Ma ụlọ ọrụ nọgide na-etinye ego na mmepe nke teknụzụ ndị a, ebe ha ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke ngwá electronic.

Ọ Eco-enyi na enyi

The OLED-ihe adịghị nwere arọ ọla na-egbu egbu ọcha dị ka mercury. Ha na-adị mfe esichara na-anaghị achọ a pụrụ iche ego na ndị ọzọ nhazi ike maka mkpofu. Iridium phosphorescent oriọna OLED bụ ndị na-abụghị na-egbu egbu, na ya ego bụ nnọọ obere. Transportation mkpa na ìhè OLED-ogwe-achọ ole na ole ihe onwunwe, na-ebelata-akwụ ụgwọ, na ebelata ibu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka ihe atụ, a TV ileba anya OLED-diagonal nke 55 sentimita asatọ nwere a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 4 mm, ma dịrị ihe banyere 5.4 kilogram.

Fantasy aghọ eziokwu

N'agbanyeghị skepticism nke ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara na, ọtụtụ na-ekwere na OLED-technology ga-isi itunanya ke narị afọ nke 21. Fantastic oru ibu eziokwu, ya bụ:

• Ọ bụ teknụzụ ndị a ga-ike na-eduhie eduhie, na nnọọ ezi uche atọ akụkụ picture.
• Ọkụ n'ebe nile dochie OLED-oriọna.
• Ò uzo anyanwụ ogwe.
• Mgbanwe Gadget Monitors nwere ike dabara gị n'akpa uwe.
• Incredibly fechaa ileba anya na elu agba àgwà na a dum ị na-elele n'akuku ga-ntabi nzaghachi, ndị kacha nta size na akụkụ.
• The ojiji nke nkà na ụzụ na-agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ n'ozuzu bụ ịtụnanya.
• Ma luminous uwe ama pụtara na mmebe ịnakọta.

Ma adịghị akwụsị e - ụkpụrụ nduzi nke ndị ọkà mmụta na nkọ. Modern sayensị dịwo anya na bifurcation mgbe mgbe ọ bụla chọpụtara nwere ike atụgharị mmepe nke mepere anya na a kpam kpam na-ejighị n'aka direction. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị dị otú ahụ emeekwala jupụta: a na njuputa-agụụ anwụrụ na Krasnikova na ọbụna mmeghe nke organic ogige ke miri emi ohere. Taa Vanguard nke electronic Ngwa - OLEDs, echi - onye maara?