Gịnị Bụ Phenology? phenological kwuru

Ịgachi nlekota nke n'oge a kara aka mgbanwe na-mere na ndabere nke dị ịrịba ama phenomena ke uwa. All ndị data na-ahaziri na otu usoro. ọ na-akpọ - a nkịtị phenology. Ọzọkwa ọzọ maara nke a ịdọ aka ná ntị. Anyị na-achọta ihe na-amụ na sayensị phenology.

ala

The ukara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke phenology malitere na ufọt ufọt narị afọ nke 19. Okwu mbụ chọrọ site Charles Morran (ọkà si Belgium). Phenology dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ a usoro nke ihe ọmụma na collection of data on n'oge a kara phenomena na ọdịdị, ha na-akpata na usoro iheomume nke anya. Kwuru na-mere na ndabere nke na-akpọ fenoindikatorov (ihe ọ bụ - ga-atụle n'oge na-adịghị). E wezụga eziokwu ahụ bụ na phenology ọmụmụ, ọ ga-kwuru na na N'ezie nke ọmụmụ iji chọpụta gbasara ohere na temporal ihe nakawa etu esi nke cyclic mgbanwe nke eke akpọkwa na iche iche metụtara na ije nke Earth anyanwụ gburugburu ofụri isua.

egosi

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, phenological kwuru na-mere na ndabere nke dị ịrịba ama phenomena nke okike. A na-agụnye, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-agụnye okooko udara, ntoputa nke "nkpọrọ olu" na akụ, ma ọ bụ yellowing nke epupụta. All ndị a ihe ịrịba ama na-akpọ "fenoindikatory". Ha mara na mgbanwe nke odidi site na otu na-adọ ndị ọzọ n'oge a kara aka.

Nke pụtara okpomọkụ

Na ndabere nke a kwa bụ ihe kpọmkwem definition nke emere. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, anụ mgbanwe na nkezi, kwa ụbọchị okpomọkụ n'elu 0 degrees a na-ewere ọnọdụ ihu igwe biakwa obibia nke mmiri, na n'elu 15 - n'oge okpomọkụ. Ekwu okwu banyere ihe bụ phenology, anyị enweghị ike ikwu na ọ bụ ụwa dum nke ọmụmụ dabeere na analysis nke oge dị iche iche ogologo. Ya mere, ihe atụ, na-ewere ihe kpọmkwem mgbanwe okpomọkụ egosi - ise degrees. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla oge na-ekewa obere etiti - phenological n'ụzọ. Onye ọ bụla oge nwere ya set nke emere (phenomena). Ekele ha, na-eme nnyocha dị iche otu na-adọ ndị ọzọ. Oge nke kasị mara phenomena nwere onwe ha aha, nke na-ofu ke mba kalenda.

research usoro

Kara aka na ụfọdụ nke afọ-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ọ bụla ọzọ. Visual phenological kwuru, bụ omenala Usoro ma ọ bụ usoro, nnyocha, ekwe ndebanye deadlines omume nke omume ụfọdụ. Iji nweta comparability of data nwetara site dị iche iche na-eme nnyocha, nke a haziri pụrụ iche mmemme, atlases na nkọwa ha. N'ọnọdụ dị otú methodical mbipụta kọwara phenophase osisi na n'oge a kara aka phenomena nke anụmanụ ụwa. N'ihi na nkà mmụta sayensị na nzube phenological kwuru bụ ụzọ inyocha obodo na ndu akpọkwa na oruru nke iwu.

Spring: ihe ndị bụ isi

N'elu, banyere ajụjụ banyere ihe phenology, anyị kwuru na nke a usoro nwere a pụrụ iche Ọdịdị. Ọzọkwa, na a dịpụrụ adịpụ na ịdọ aka ná ntị a kara aka (dịtụ ogologo oge kwekọrọ ekwekọ oge), na e nwere oge dị oge - adọ. N'ihi ya, mmiri na-agụnye anọ podsezona. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere onwe ha na-egosi.

snowbreak

Nke a bụ nke mbụ podsezon spring. Ọ na-amalite na-akụziri ke akpa igbaze. Ẹkụre oge a kọwara site mbụ okooko hazel-alder na hazel. N'oge a na ogbo na-abata larks, starlings, gulls na rooks. Na birches na maples akara ọzịza nke akụrụ na ije nke ihe ọṅụṅụ. Na ubi amalite ịgbada na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpamkpam snow, mmiri free si ice. Nke a enwezu podsezone azu na ice na-amalite na-akụ azụ na-emeghe mmiri. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị bi ọdọ (ruff, chub, nase na dace, ide, Pike) na-amalite na-akwadebe, na n'ebe ụfọdụ na-amalite spawn. Na ụfọdụ na mpaghara na-ọma na-ejide na oge a, bream na roach.

The revival nke spring

Malite abụọ podsezona ekwekọ n'àgwà okooko alder. The kasị ezi egosi na oge maka bi n'obodo-atụle ga-nne-and-onye nnochi anya nne, yellowing na ohere iputa nza. Malite phenomena e ji mara nke oge a, ndị Central gbalaga na-eme ememe na-emekarị 15-20 nke April. N'oge a, e nwere a ikpeazụ ofufe nke ice na mmiri ozu. The ala amalite nkụ on top. N'otu oge ahụ na-passable n'ihi na ndị mmadụ na inweta maka iga azụ ụzọ. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, ga-emepe ụzọ maka anglers na-ime ebe. Na nke abụọ podsezone woodcocks ofufe na cranes, e nwere aṅụ, na-amalite "olu" nke frog. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-akara revival nke earthworms. Ma osimiri bi, ọ na-agwụ na-akpata Pike na ide, chub na ruff, ọ nọgidere na, na perch na bream - bụ naanị mmalite. Nke a podsezone na birch osisi blossomed buds, na elm "ájá".

elu nke spring

Ná mmalite nke-atọ podsezona birches ama yi green akwụkwọ ndụ. Odika n'elu iri afọ abụọ ugbu a na e nwere ọkụ. Mụbara okpomọkụ ọ bụghị naanị site ụbọchị ma n'abalị. Herbs osisi na osisi na-aghọ thicker, ọ na-amalite blooming ubi mkpụrụ osisi. Ahụhụ ọkọkpọhi ibu, nakwa dị ka songbirds na-eri nri na ha. Na ubi, ala ahịhịa juru na oké ọhịa akara ngwa Osisi Dịkwuo na okooko. Na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri-ogwu na-nụrụ nightingales trill, na ala ahịhịa juru na ubi - nnụnụ kwel. Ọ na-amalite na-abụ abụ na corncrake, crake. Site n'ụzọ ịrịba ama kwesịrị ịgụnye ẹkụre akpata ide wee na Podust na roach. Amalite Jordania Pike, bream meghere, jisiri ike ikpe spawn, chub na azu kaapu. On ẹkụre podsezona atụ aro okooko purple lilac na ugwu ash.

"Predlete"

Fourth podsezon ji ẹkụre okooko ubi mkpụrụ osisi, vykolashivaniem iri eghu grasses na oyi rye. Ebibi aa na oge a, ndị ahụ dị ka ụgbọ elu nke dragonflies. N'ala akọrọ na-eme ememe okooko daisy-daisy, na mmiri ebe - nots.

Summer: 1 podsezon

Mbụ niile m ga-asị na oge a na-ekewa atọ n'ụzọ. First - nke a bụ mmalite nke okpomọkụ. On a ọ na-egosi okooko ọhịa bilie. Ọ, n'aka nke ya, na-esonyere ndị ọzọ phenomena. Ihe atụ, na ubi na oge ntoju chubushnik viburnum, n'ọhia - rye, toadflax na knapweed, mmiri - ọcha lily. The okpomọkụ adahade, ihe ikuku na-ụtọ. N'oge a, ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ ụbọchị n'afọ. The okpomọkụ na-abawanye na ọdọ.

"Full" n'oge okpomọkụ

Malite nke abụọ, isi, podsezona ekwekọ n'àgwà okooko Linden cordata. Nke a na onu a hụrụ na etiti belt, na-emekarị n'etiti 5 na 15 July. Na nnukwu obodo Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eme a obere tupu. Dị ka ihe metụtara pointer mmalite nke zuru n'oge okpomọkụ, na-eji maturation nke nwa na-acha uhie uhie currant, strawberry, na n'ọhịa - bluuberi. -Amalite ịjụ oyi na nightingales ada nkịtị obu mara abụba. On mepere emepe lawns oge ntoju odo tansy na-acha anụnụ anụnụ chicory. Ụkpara-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu.

The ojuju nke okpomọkụ

Nke a bụ atọ na ikpeazụ podsezon. The oge e ji mmalite nke chaa berry. The, ehihie na abalị na-na-otú ahụ ogologo. Ná mmalite amalite ịkpali oyi igirigi. The okpomọkụ nke mmiri na osimiri na ponds nwayọọ nwayọọ mbelata. The ahịhịa nke na e bee n'oge haymaking, site na nke a oge nwere oge na-eto eto elu.

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ: mmalite

Nke a oge, dị ka okpomọkụ, na-agụnye atọ n'ụzọ. Na European akụkụ nke Russia dum oge dịruru nanị ihe karịrị ọnwa 3. Mmalite nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ e ji ọdịdị odo uzo na okpueze nke ihe elm, Linden na birch. Mmecha podsezona hụrụ mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke green epupụta na brightened-aghọ ihe dị na ya hà. Ọ esiwak kwuru na ikpeazụ ụbọchị iri nke September, na na ooh na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ - na n'oge October. N'ọhịa mushrooms amalite egosi. Na ikuku e tenetnik, efe ududo web. Mmiri na-ajụkwa, Otú ọ dị, nnukwu ozu mmiri okpomọkụ dobe bụghị edo, ebe elu oyi akwa.

"Golden mgbụsị akwụkwọ"

Nke abụọ e ji zuru ebe nile podsezon yellowing na defoliation. Oké ọhịa na-nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amalite na-iferi, nnụnụ-ezukọ na ìgwè ewu na atụrụ akwaga ọkụ climes. Na-akwadebe maka Mbugharị na-awagharị awagharị tinyere roadsides na ubi n'ọnụ starlings na rooks. Ọgwụgwụ nke akwukwo ọdịda elm, Aspen na birch na-egosi na mmalite nke a miri emi ọdịda. Oge a dịruru ruo mgbe mbụ snow. The okpomọkụ dị ala, ofufe nke dị n'ebe ndịda nke ikpeazụ ìgwè ewu na aturu nke ọbọgwụ, swans na geese. Mmiri na ala ikuku mma ngwa ngwa.

tupu oyi

Ọ ahụ na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ oge, nke bụ n'otu oge ntughari ka oyi. N'ezie, n'ihi na nke a bụ podsezon nwetara aha ya. Ná mmalite nke oge a, ndị mbụ snow. Ifriizi na-elu-na-adọ na dechara na guzobe sled ụzọ.

oyi

Nke a oge, na-eme nnyocha na-na-akọrọ atọ n'ụzọ. N'oge nile nke osisi na-na miri emi izu ike, na anụ ufe niile nke dịgasị iche iche bụ nanị ndị na-ọma na-emegharị ka oyi ihu igwe. The ọhịa bụ fọrọ efu - fọrọ nke nta niile na ụmụ anụmanụ abanye n'ọnọdụ ezumike, na onye na-adịghị ehi ụra - nzuzo na burrows. A, oyi na-amalite ke mbubreyo November na-ekwupụtakwa ruo mgbe banyere nkera nke abụọ nke March.

Pervozime

Ná mmalite nke a ụzọ podsezona ọdọ kpuchie inogide ice. Site na oge na-enye ice azu. The akụkụ ikpeazụ na ụbọchị 20 nke December, etiti oge oyi. The oge mbụ ọzụzụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nibble aghọ dịtụ "Moody", dị ka ice mpempe akwụkwọ na-aghọ thicker, mkpumkpu ụbọchị, na mmiri mbelata ego nke etisasịwo oxygen.

oyi Root

Nke a bụ nke abụọ podsezon. ọ ga-amalite, na-emekarị na February. N'oge a, ọ na-amalite "na-abụ abụ" oké tit.

mgbaji ọkpụkpụ oyi

The akụkụ ikpeazụ amalite na mgbakwunye na nke ìhè. Site na oge na-abịa "spring ìhè." Na-amalite na-eto eto icicles yiri mgbaaka tụlee. N'ụbọchị anyanwụ tọọ budata.

interconnection nke phenomena

Alaghachi ajụjụ nke ihe phenology, anyị mara na n'ime ịdọ aka ná ntị na-amụ ọ bụghị naanị na-emere onwe. Ọ ga-kwuru na na nduzi nke oge nke a kara aka na n'ụzọ nke odida obodo na obodo ọnọdụ nke ókèala. All ugboro nwere ihe jikọrọ. Onye ọ bụla na-adọ etịbe ke ụfọdụ oge. Ka ihe atụ, mmiri ije nke ihe ọṅụṅụ n'ihu dị nnọọ abịa na maple. 2 izu mgbe ọ malitere ememe ozizi buds nke birch, nke n'aka nke bụ ihe mgbaàmà maka anglers: ọ pụtara ide-arụsi ọrụ ike. Dị ka e kwuru, ọ dị mkpa nke ukwuu, na nkezi okpomọkụ n'ehihie. Mgbe ọ gaghị ebili n'elu 5 degrees (na a gbakwunyere ịrịba ama), osisi-anọgide na a amanye ike.

Mere nnyocha?

Ụzọ na phenology nsogbu nwere bara uru, na akpa ebe - maka akụ na ụba mba. Regularities underlie njikere nke kalenda nke n'oge a kara ihe. Ha, n'aka, na-eji nzukọ nke ọrụ na ọdịdị nchedo, na-agha megide ọrịa nke bara uru na osisi, na-adọ mkpochapu pests. Ozi banyere uka ụgbọ elu nke nnụnụ oge dị mkpa ka ụgbọelu. Remote research nke ụwa elu kwesịrị ịbụ ezigbo oge maka mmejuputa iwu research okwu nke Mbugharị nke nnụnụ. The results nke visual phenological kwuru na-eji imewe nke ntụrụndụ, na-eme atụmatụ njem ụzọ gasị. Research na-enye ohere ime ka a mata obodo gburugburu ebe obibi na-egosi, nke, n'aka, ka o kwe omume iji chọpụta n'oge a kara aka ọdịdị nke steti na ịkọ ọdịdị nke na-eto eto oge.

Phenological map, karịsịa nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ, anyị kwesịrị na-eme atụmatụ otu ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ n'oge a kara aka ọrụ. Natural n'ókè dị mkpa na mmepe nke ókèala na mmepe nke ọhụrụ anụmanụ na osisi. N'ihi ya, e wezụga eziokwu na ndị dị otú phenology, ị pụrụ ime ka ndị doro anya ọgwụgwụ: nke a bụ a mgbagwoju ịdọ aka ná ntị. Ọ na-agụnye a dịgasị iche iche nke usoro na ụzọ nke nnyocha. All na-amụ phenology, na-enye ohere ndị kasị oru oma eji eke gburugburu ebe obibi.