Giotto ụlọ elu dị na Florence

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama nlegharị anya nke Florence bụ Tower of Giotto. Photos nke mgbịrịgba elu na-mma na postkaadị, akwụkwọ ịma ọkwa, t-Chiefs, Foto Ụlọ Nga na ndị ọzọ na ihe ncheta na echiche nke oge ochie Italian obodo. Tower keere òkè dị mkpa ná ndụ nke ochie Florence. Site ná mmalite, ọ bụ ije ozi dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke ịdị ukwuu, agha ike na nnwere onwe nke obodo. N'isiokwu a anyị na-akọwa ndị na-ewu nke mgbịrịgba elu nke ụgwọ. Sight bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ ebe ke ndepụta ga-ahụ na Florence. Ọtụtụ ndị njem na-amaghị ebe anya n'ihi na ulo-elu site Giotto. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọ bụ mgbịrịgba elu nke Katidral nke Santa Maria del Fiore.

Campanile uru maka Florence

Iji ghọta ọrụ nke mgbịrịgba elu na ochie ndụ nke Italian obodo, anyị kwesịrị ime a nta akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mgbe uzo nke Iri na Atọ-XIV narị afọ Italy, kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na oké njọ agha obodo n'etiti Guelphs na gibbelinami. The mbụ kwalitere ike nke popu ikike, mgbe ikpeazụ kwalitere mmetụta nke eze ukwu. Guelph mmeri mere ka a dominance nke Roman Curia. House ụlọ elu gibbelinskih ọmụmụ ndị zoro, ndị nwe ha na-gburu ma ọ bụ gaa biri n'ala ọzọ.

Iji gosi n'ihu odu ke kpukpru ebiet Njụta Okwukwe ya catholicity, obodo ọchịchị wee malite iwu a elu mgbịrịgba elu nke Gothic Cathedrals. "Hiere" Tower of Pisa - nke a bụ otu n'ime ha. Florence, nke ogologo mpi na Siena na akụkụ ahụ nke bụ onye mkpọsa ga-elu, na chọrọ na niile ụgwọ iwu na ya katidral kasị elu mgbịrịgba elu. Na e nwere a-elu Giotto. The obodo kpebiri iji kwụọ ụgwọ na-ebili ma na-ọrụ maka ndị na-ewu nke ndị kasị fashionable na, ya, oké ọnụ ukwu. The akwụkwọ mgbe, sị: "mkpọsa bụ ito obodo, nke a nwere ike mere naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ga na-edu ndị eminent ukwu ... Na ụwa bụghị ịchọta onye ọzọ nkà karịa Florentine Giotto Bondone."

Construction nke ulo-elu

Dị ka n'ụkpụrụ iwu nke Italian Gothic art Cathedral, baptizim na-ụlọ (baptistry) na mgbịrịgba elu (campanile) ndị kwesịrị ịbụ iche iche onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Naanị afọ abụọ mgbe mmalite nke na-ewu nke Katidral nke Santa Maria del Fiore, na 1298, e gwuru olulu maka ntọala nke ụlọ elu. Na mbụ, ndị belfry wuo ọnụ na kansul nyere ndị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Arnolfo di Cambio. Otú ọ dị, na 1302 nwụrụ, ọ na-ewu nke mgbịrịgba elu kwụsịrị site dị ukwuu dị ka orú arọ na iri. July 9, 1334 bishọp nke obodo solemnly tọrọ mbụ nkume na-nsọ ebe ụlọ elu ahụ ka ebili. Giotto malitere, mgbe obodo do ya kwa afọ ụgwọ nke otu narị gold florins - a nnukwu nchikota n'oge. Master, onye bụ mgbe ahụ 67 afọ, chụọrọ majie fashionable "German" nlereanya. O nwekwara n'ime akaụntụ rụzuru nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke katidral site Arnolfo di Cambio ka campanile kwekọrọ polychrome ụlọ chọọchị. Giotto eji a Usoro a na-akpọ "chiaroscuro", na-eme-elu anya dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na-ese. Master-e ọla Eserese, na-akpọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ma na marble na-aghọta ya plan enweghị oge. Enye ama akpa ke 1337, mgbe Giotto ụlọ elu dị na Florence e wuru dị nnọọ n'ihu mbụ EBIONITISM.

Wee na-ewu

Ọ ga-adị, echegbula n'ihi na obodo, nke a na ọnwụ na-eweta. Ịbịaru eminent ukwu, niile mgbawa na osise "akụkọ" nke marble, nke o bu n'obi na-edebe na mgbidi, ugbua na ntukwasi-obi echekwara na majie. Ma consuls kpebiri na-agba maka n'ihu nke na-ewu nke dịkarịa ala ndị eminent-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ - Andrea Pisano. Nke a wizard ama ewu nke ndịda portal nke Baptistery. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mgbịrịgba elu ruo mgbe 1343 na jisiri ewu a na-esonụ, nke abụọ EBIONITISM. Otú ọ dị Giotto ụlọ elu na a ogbo a mma elu biforami. Mgbe ndị fọdụrụ nke ukwu nditịm soro Eserese ekpe site Giotto.

Na 1347 o kpochapụ dum Europe "nwa ọnwụ." Ihe otiti nwụrụ ma Andrea Pisano. The atọ atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, Francesco Talenti, dechara ewu nke mgbịrịgba elu. Ọ di ndu na ya, dị ka a plan of Giotto, atọ iche marble, ma mere ha mgbanwe mbụ draft. Ma, ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke ndị na-ewu nke gara aga nkeji iri na ise na narị afọ, ma German style wee nke ejiji. Ka turu ime site 122 mita mgbịrịgba elu nwere ịlụ a square tent elu nke "50 kubit". Na 1359 Talenti ụma hapụrụ echiche. The mbụ ịbịaru, nke ugbu a nọ na Museum nke Siena, na mkpọsa nso Florence Cathedral dị nnọọ iche. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na abụọ na-esochi architects me a otutu echiche ha na ihe e kere eke nke a magburu onwe ya e kere eke nke art, na mgbịrịgba elu ka na-agba aha "Tower of Giotto."

Ebee bụ campanile

The ewu elu nke 84 mita bụ ike na-atụ uche. The dum mgbagwoju nke ụlọ odude ke Cathedral Square na Florence. Nke a bụ na chọọchị nke Santa Maria del Fiore (na translation - "Anyị Lady nke Okooko osisi") na free-guzo mgbịrịgba elu na Baptistery of San Giovanni. Mgbe n'ihu isi portal nke Katidral, na Tower nke Giotto bụ n'akụkụ aka nri nke ya.

mpụga mma

Mma nke mgbịrịgba elu-abia. N'agbanyeghị monumentality na ịdị elu, o yiri ka ihe dị ka ọla karịa a ụlọ. The ụlọ elu bụ mara, airy. Onwe ẹdude nkewa na elu Gothic windows-eme ka ọ slimmer. Tower of Giotto ihu atọ ụdị marble: a snow-ọcha Carrara, green nke Prato na Siena na-acha uhie uhie. The Gothic oghere nkà rụsie kpara kpara akpa ogidi. Mozis inserts na-arụ ọrụ Cosmati ụmụnna enliven na-acha ọcha na green mgbidi.

Awụ na Bas-tụrụ

Ọ bụ n'ihi na nke a mma na ama Tower of Giotto. Ebee bụ ọkachamara ogwe? Giotto hapụrụ n'azụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na. Ikekwe ụfọdụ ogwe nke mbụ na nke abụọ tiers bụ ndị nke cutter ma ọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ya. Ná mmalite, atọ n'akụkụ nke Giotto ụlọ elu mma na Bas-tụrụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ụfọdụ ogwe kere nwe Luca della Robbia. The atọ EBIONITISM nke belfry na-mma na iri na isi na awụ. Original chepụtara Donatello kwagara ngosi nka, na site ifufe, anyanwụ na mmiri ozuzo Mbipụta. Ụfọdụ marble "akụkọ ihe mere eme" ekewet Andrea Pisano.

ele ihe anya

Hapụrụ mbụ echiche, Talenti, ikpeazụ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke mgbịrịgba elu, ọ bụghị ọbụna mara na sụgharịa a oké ọrụ ka ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ndị njem nleta. N'ihi mgbanwe ngo Giotto ụlọ elu dị na Florence bụ ala fọrọ nke nta iri anọ mita, ma ọ nwetara a ikiri n'elu ikpo okwu. Ugbu a, na-agbasa na 414 nzọụkwụ, i nwere ike na-enwe mmasị na Gburugburu ebe nke obodo oge ochie, na-atụle zuru ezu na dome nke Brunelleschi ọrụ. The dum steepụ dị n'ime ụlọ elu-ebipụ site a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke windo na ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na imeri ogbo, ị pụrụ ịnụ ụtọ ìhè dị ka lace mma mgbịrịgba elu.

A otu ntinye ke campanile efu 6 euro. Ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ uru ịzụta ihe ike tiketi n'ihi na 10 E, tinyere a nleta ulo-elu, na Dome, na Baptistery of San Giovanni, na crypt nke Saint Reparata na akụkọ ihe mere ihe ngosi nka.