Heating mmanụ. E ji mara, ngwa, price

Mmanụ a na-akpọ pụrụ iche nne anata nefteperarobotki nke ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ya distillation fọduru ịbụ. Ọdịdị nke ụdị nke manu na-tumadi resins enwe a molekụla arọ nke 500-3000 g / mol, na hydrocarbons na a uka nke 400 na 100 g / mol. O nwere ike ịbụ carbene, korota, karboidy, yana dị iche iche organic ogige.

Types of kpo oku mmanụ

Ugbu eji na ụlọ ọrụ na-ihu ọma ụdị nke ihe:

• cracking;

• ogologo;

• Navy;

• kpo oku.

Nke ikpeazụ umu bụ nnọọ ewu ewu. Dị ka ọ bụ na o kwere omume na-ekpe ikpe site na aha, ọ na-bụ-eji maka ohere kpo oku.

Ụdị mmanụ na ya akporo

The nnọọ obiọma nke kewara abụọ nnukwu iche iche:

• N'ezie kpo oku na mmanụ.

• Dizel.

Mmanụ maka ìgwè nke mbụ site n'afo a oké ụdị mmanụ. Ọzọ mgbe niile ihe onwunwe na-eji na ochie ji esi mmiri ọkụ ụlọ ụdị nile nke ugbo. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ bụ na-eji, na ulo maka kpo oku itieutom ma ọ bụ ngalaba. Dizel mmanụ ụgbọala na-emekarị zụta maka kpo oku onwe ma ọ bụ ọbụna multi-storey ụlọ na dị iche iche (ukwuu n'ime ogologo oge) n'ógbè Russia, ihe atụ, na Northern Urals, na Arctic, na na. D. Site a kpere mmanụ (red dizel), ọ bụ ihe na-adị ọcha na lightness.

N'onye ezi omume na nke a na ihe onwunwe dị ka a mmanụ ụgbọala maka boilers-emekarị mgbe na ebe a na-emi odude ulo ụlọ ma ọ bụ a n'ichepụta ihe owuwu, ọ dịghị okporo ụzọ pipeline. Eguzo mmanụ bụ nnọọ oké ọnụ, ma ọ na-ere ọkụ kpamkpam imetọ ikuku. Ke adianade do, nke a na ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala n'ihi na nke flammability nnọọ ike na-echekwa, na ọ na-efu ihe dị ukwuu.

Key Atụmatụ

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ a ihe onwunwe, dị ka kpo oku na mmanụ maka ihe ji esi mmiri ọkụ, na-emekarị ntị ka ihe ndị dị ka:

• viscosity ihe onwunwe;

• ya njupụta larịị;

• flash ebe;

• ash ọdịnaya;

• percent sọlfọ ọdịnaya;

• wụsa ebe.

The viscosity nke mmanụ

Dị ka nke a na-egosi isi ihe abụọ dị iche iche nke ihe onwunwe. Heating mmanụ 40 na 40B a na-ewere na-ajụ viscosity, 100 na 100B - arọ. Fechaa ihe maka kpo oku ụdị nile nke ogige na-adịghị mee ihe. Tee ha tumadi naanị na Navy ka a mmanụ dizel, na kpọrọ dị ka F5 na F12.

Gwa ndị mmanụ viscosity bụ Ọtụtụ na degrees (° UW). Nke a oke kpebisiri Engler viscometer. Nke a na-Itie mmanụ site a tared oghere na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ. N'ihi na mmanụ ikpeazụ oke 40 bụ 80 degrees, maka ihe ọkwa M100 - 100 c. Na-agbanwe agbanwe mmanụ viscosity na iche iche okpomọkụ bụ n'ihi isi na ọnụnọ nime ya nke paraffin usoro nke hydrocarbons.

njupụta

Nke a oke e ji mara na ihe onwunwe nke ihe onwunwe bụ ihe dị mkpa dị ka ike na-chebe megide mmiri. Nke ikpeazụ nwere ike nweta n'ime mmanụ mgbe ọ bụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na uzuoku ma ọ bụ akọrọ n'oge njem ochie arịa.

N'ihi nhọrọ nke mmiri si eji eme ihe pụrụ iche nkeji, na-amụba ya njupụta. Gịnị kwesịrị ịbụ na ọnụego maka otu ọkwa nke ihe onwunwe dị ka mmanụ? GOST ọkọlọtọ na-enye nkọwa nke ọ bụla n'ime ha ^(na 20 ° C). Mụta kpọmkwem ọnụego ọ bụla ika i nwere ike si na tebụl n'okpuru.

Njupụta nke mmanụ, n'ihi ya, ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa parameters, nke na Ịzụ nke ihe a kwesịrị ijide n'aka na ntị. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ị pụrụ ịzụta a quality ngwaahịa kwa.

flash-uche

Nke a onwunwe kpebisiri ike site mmanụ na-emeghe crucible enịm ke ígwè nnukwu efere ya na ájá. Flashpoint tụrụ pụrụ iche temometa n'oge mgbanye nke Alụlụụ, weere na ihere ikuku, ugbu ohere thereto ihe na-emeghe ire ọkụ. Nke a oke oscillate na dị iche iche ụdị n'ime mmanụ nwere ike 90-170 ^C. N'ihi M100 mmanụ ụgbọala ihe onwunwe, n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ, na flash mgbe kwesịrị 110 Celsius ^C. N'ihi na M40 - 90 ^C. Nke ahụ bụ, nke ikpeazụ nchekwa nwere ike na-atụle ọzọ ala. Mgbe n'ịrụ ịwa dị ka kpo oku mmanụ, dị ka ụkpụrụ tọrọ osisi okpomọkụ na bụ 10 degrees n'okpuru flash t.

Ash ọdịnaya nke mmanụ

Nke a oke nwekwara otu ihe dị mkpa e ji mara nke mmanụ ụgbọala. High ash ọdịnaya nke mmanụ na-eduga ná a ọnụ ke okpomọkụ ya mgbe ọkụ. Dị ka a n'ihi:

• ụba oriri nke mmanụ ụgbọala chọrọ maka combustion;

• enwekwu ogo nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmetọ.

Ẹdude ke mmanụ ash, ihe ndị ọzọ, na nozulu clogs boilers, budata mbenata otú ha ọrụ ndụ. Ọ na-kweere na a ọma kpo oku nke ọdịnaya nke adịghị ekwesịghị gafere 0,1%. Belata ash ọdịnaya nke ihe onwunwe, nakwa dị ka ntọt ya njupụta, ọ pụrụ ịbụ mmiri site edozi na ụdi agwụ.

congelation ebe

A na ọnụego na-adabere na viscosity. Yet mmanụ kpebisiri ike site okpomọkụ naanị. The ihe onwunwe na-wụsara n'ime a ule tube na weturu 45 degrees onye ikpeazụ. Ọzọ, anya na a kacha nta okpomọkụ nke ya larịị ga-anọgide ufọk ufene maka otu nkeji.

Gịnị kwesịrị ịbụ t hardening ihe onwunwe dị ka mmanụ? Standard edepụta na-esonụ:

• N'ihi na M40 ọkwa ihe onwunwe, a ọnụ ọgụgụ kwesịrị ^banyere 10 C.

• N'ihi na ndị ọzọ akara ule nke mmanụ okpomọkụ nwere ike ebili ka 36 Celsius ^C.

Ọ na-ekpebisi ike site Mbelata na ogo nke paraffin ọdịnaya ihe onwunwe. The elu wụsa n'ókè nke mmanụ, na ndị ọzọ siri ike ibufe ya site pipeline.

sọlfọ ọdịnaya

Dị ka nke a na-egosi dị ka e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke mmanụ. Sọlfọ ihe onwunwe na-adabere isi na ma mmanụ e ji mee ihe maka ya mmepụta. The iche iche nke ọdịnaya nke kwuru umi ke mmanụ bụ 0.5-3.5%. Kasị sọlfọ bụ a akụkụ nke M100 ọkwa ihe onwunwe. Nke a adịghị ọcha a na-ewere na-emerụ n'ihi na ọ enwekwu ọnụego nke corrosion nke metal akụkụ nke ji esi mmiri ọkụ. E wezụga na ojiji nke arọ mmanụ na a elu sọlfọ ọdịnaya na-eme oké mmetọ nke ikuku. Belata pasent ọdịnaya nke a umi ke mmanụ ụgbọala nwere ike na-enweta site na ya nnyefe site hydrogenation ma ọ bụ sorbents. Mgbe ụfọdụ, dị nnọọ mmanụ jiriwo ndị ọzọ, ihe dị ọcha.

eri nke

N'oge, mmanụ a na-ewere otu n'ime ndị kasị echekwa ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala. Na nke a, na ọ bụ nke ukwu dị ọnụ ala karịa ọbụna eke gas. Mark - na ọ bụ ihe bụ isi na-ekpebi uru nke a na ihe onwunwe dị ka mmanụ. The price nke ihe onwunwe M40 bụ a na-erughị 9-13 thous. Ruble kwa ton. The na-eri nke kasị ewu ewu na mmanụ M100 na-abụkarị 6-10 puku. Ruble kwa ton (dabere na-eweta). Mgbe ị na-azụta ụdị nke manu, ihe ndị ọzọ, ga ntị ma ya price a gụnyere VAT.

N'ihi ya, e ji mara nke mmanụ na-atụle site anyị na zuru ezu. N'ihi ya, zuo nke ihe ọnụ ihe na akpa ebe kwesịrị ntị ka ihe ndị dị ka ndị viscosity, njupụta na flash mgbe. Ị ga-achọpụta ihe ego nke sọlfọ dị na mmanụ, na ókè nke ya ash ọdịnaya.