Ihe oriri kwa 1 m3 nke ihe, na-kacha hà ngụkọta oge atụmatụ na-atụ aro

Na-ewu ihe owuwu nke ihe ọ bụla larịị, si a skyscraper ka a mba ụlọ, nwere ike ime na-enweghị ihe. Nke a ihe onwunwe na-eji jupụta na ntọala ahụ, erection nke mgbidi na monolithic ewu, ngwaọrụ ala na screeds na brickwork na ndị ọzọ na aka wuru nkume. Nkwadebe nke ihe na nri hà, ọ bụghị nanị na-enye anwụ ngwa ngwa na ike nke owuwu, ma zere-enweghị isi ihe onwunwe akwụ ụgwọ.

The mejupụtara nke ihe

Na mfe ikpe, ihe mejupụtara atọ components:

• Binder.
• Dịanyā.
• Mmiri.

Ihe oriri kwa 1 m3 nke ihe na-adabere na Njirimara ndị a ihe. Dị ka ihe nragide na-eji na mmepụta nke a ngwakọta nke cements n'egosi M100-M600 ike. Mgbe weere mmiri, ọ Nleta a viscous uka nke a kpụrụ n'oge solidification nke wuru nkume. Na ọrụ nke dịanyā ájá na-eji ma ọ bụ dị iche iche iche nke gravel. A na-enwekwu ike nke oyi kpọnwụrụ solution, dị ka n'elu gravel ike cement ike. Ọzọkwa, na ojiji nke dịanyā ebelata shrinkage nke ciment ngwakọta.

E wezụga isi mmiri, na ihe mejupụtara na-agụnye dị iche iche nwekwara, na-enye ihe ngwọta nke ọzọ Njirimara: oyi na-eguzogide, mmiri na-eguzogide, na agba na otú pụta.

The chọrọ ihe oriri kwa 1m3 ihe - gravel, ciment, ájá - kpebisiri ike si arụmọrụ chọrọ nke ngwakọta.

The isi e ji mara nke ihe

The kasị mkpa e ji mara nke ihe - ya compressive ike. Dabere na ya guzosiri ike ike klas. Denoted English akwụkwọ ozi "B" na numerals kwekọrọ ekwekọ na sample na MPa ike. Ịmịpụta ihe ọmụmụ si V3,5 na B80, obodo engineering kasị ọdabara ngwọta B15 - B30. Ke adianade ọmụmụ, na-egosi ike nke ika nwere ike ji mee. Denoted Latin akwụkwọ ozi "M" na nọmba kwekọrọ ekwekọ na ike kg / cm sq. Klas na ika kama n'ụzọ ziri ezi metụtara onye ọ bụla ọzọ, e.g., M200 ngwọta osobo Class B15 na M300 klas V22,5.

Ihe oriri kwa 1 m3 nke ihe nwere ike iche iche dabere chọrọ klas ma ọ bụ ọkwa ngwọta.

Ọ ga-kwuru na n'ezie ihe na klas na-ekpebisi ike na na laabu na 28 ụbọchị. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa n'ụzọ ziri ezi mara anam ngwakọta, na ogbo nke workpiece ka igba ọtụtụ samples - cubes ma ọ bụ cylinders nke 100 mm n'ịdị elu. Omume ịchọpụta ike nke ihe na-instrumental usoro ma ọ bụ hama Kashkarova, ma ụzọ ndị a na-erughị-ezi ezi.

Nhọrọ nke chọrọ ihe na klas

Achọrọ ọkwa nke ihe a ga-kpọmkwem na imewe akwụkwọ maka oru ngo-ewu. Ọ bụrụ na ewu a rụrụ na ha onwe ha, anyị ga-esi kọwaa na ika mix, dị ka ọ bụ ka a ukwuu na-emetụta ike na uru nke ụlọ ma ọ bụ Ọdịdị na-wuru.

Oge akara aka nke kasị nkịtị ụdị nke ihe e nyere n'okpuru ebe a.

• M100 - Jiri maka footing ngwaọrụ echichi parebrikov, obere ụkpụrụ ụlọ iche;
• M150 - eji na ngwaọrụ tracks nchupu-akwado enclosures;
• M200 - maka erection nke mgbidi, ulo-ìbà;
• M250 - n'ichepụta monolithic bases, grills, ntọala slabs, gwuo egwu kwajuru slabs, nzọụkwụ, retaining mgbidi ;
• M300 - maka ihe ọ bụla kwajuru owuwu: mgbidi, ala, ntọala;
• M350 - agba mgbidi, na ogidi, slabs, ibé, ntọala ndị siri ike.

kwa ájá

Iji kwadebe ihe ngwọta na-eji ájá nke dị iche iche si dị: agbari okwute ma ọ bụ osimiri. Nke abụọ bụ ihe mma n'ihi na o nwere a ibu granule size na anaghị nwere adịghị. Olulu ájá nwere ike iche na ha urughuru size nkesa. Ọkacha mma, na-eji ájá na ọkara na nnukwu size nsogbu dị iche iche. Ebe ọ bụ na-agbari okwute ájá nwere ike ekewet nke ụrọ ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ adịghị ya na-atụ aro ifucha site.

Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ka ntị ka mmiri ọdịnaya nke ájá. Dabere na nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ ga-ahụ kwukwara ka ịhazie ngwakọta na mmiri. Na echiche nke mmiri ọdịnaya na urughuru size nkesa nke nnukwu njupụta nke ájá nwere ike ịdị iche iche site 1.3 na 1.9 t / cu m, ọ dị mkpa iji tụlee ịgbakọ oriri nke ihe kwa 1 m3 nke ihe.

Nhọrọ nke rubble

Gburu ihe ngwakọta esịnede ihe enwekwu ike ma na-ebelata ya shrinkage n'oge solidification. Mgbe ahọpụta ndị kasị mkpa bụ gravel nta na ya malite.

Na-ewu na-eji gravel fractions:

• si 5 20 mm;
• site 20 ruo 40 mm;
• site na 40 ruo 70 mm.

Dabere na nke ndu gburu nkume na nkewa n'ime:

• Limestone, dabeere na sedimentary nkume.
• Of saa gravel irighiri.
• Granite emepụta site ndinuak konkiri-gneiss na konkiri nkume.

Elu arụmọrụ ka ike nwere konkiri rubble, ma ọ bụrụ na ihe na-akwadebe maka oké egwu owuwu - ntọala, na ogidi, uko ụlọ, ọ kacha mma iji ya. Ọ dị mkpa ka ọ ghara ichefu na rubble na-eji na-ekwesịghị nwere adịghị, karịsịa ụrọ.

mmiri-ciment ruru

Mgbe amị ihe mbụ uru bụ ruru ciment na mmiri. Mmiri dị mkpa maka ahụ chemical mmeghachi omume nke ciment hydration, na-eduga guzobe cement nkume. Nke a ruru bụ crucially ekpebi klas nke ihe mix. Ọ dị mkpa ka gaa na akaụntụ ika tsementa.Chem ala mmiri-ciment ruru, ndị siri ike na ihe. The kacha nta ruru chọrọ maka hydration ciment bụ 0,2. Na omume, ojiji, nke ihe na mmiri ciment ruru 0.3-0.5. Mixtures na elu mmiri-ciment ruru na-fọrọ adịghị mee ihe.

Mkpebi siri ike nke ihe mix otosịrị iru

Dị ka a na-achị, maka nkwadebe nke ciment ihe eji akara M400 na M500. Na omume, iji chọpụta na oriri nke ciment kwa 1m3 nke ihe eji ndị na-esonụ na tebụl.

Ndị a data bụ maka nkịtị ọnọdụ nke okpomọkụ ma na iru mmiri, dị ka nke ọma dị ka simenti, na kwa nke nke-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ndị gosiri na ngwugwu. Na ndụ n'ezie, ga-enye ngafe cement bụ 10-15%.

Ọzọkwa, dị ka a mara nke ukwu nke ciment gbakọọ na ihe onwunwe oriri 1m3 ihe, kacha nkezi nke ciment ka ájá na gravel na-ẹwụtde ke okpokoro.

Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe oriri kwa 1 m3 nke ihe M200 bụ: cement ika M500 - 240 kg Aja - 576 n'arọ, anuahade, nkume - 984 kg Water - 120 lita.

Production nke ihe

Mgbe nnukwu mpịakọta nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụ ihe amamihe ịzụta a njikere mbuaha ihe osisi na kacha nso nnyefe igwekota. Na ulo oru na mmepụta nke ihe oriri udu kwa 1 m3 nke ihe-nọ na-zuru ezu ike. Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ ekwe omume, ị nwere ike ịkwadebe chọrọ ego nke ngwakọta na n'ụlọ. Ọ dị mkpa ka kwesịrị ekwesị na-amata ha ike - concreting iche iche Ọdịdị ga-rụrụ n'otu laa.

Tupu agwakọta ngwakọta chọpụta ihe oriri kwa 1m3 nke ihe. Na ngụkọta oge nke eruba ọnụego na-bụchaghị na-eme iji na-eji na table n'okpuru.

The ngwakọta na-akwadebe na a ihe igwekota kwekọrọ ekwekọ ego, na-ebikwasị ya na metered akụkụ ụfọdụ nke akọrọ ciment, ájá na sieved schebonki. Mmiri ga-ahụ kwukwara na òkè ke akpatre n'aka.

nwekwara

Na mgbakwunye na isi mejuputara ihe nwekwara na-kwukwara maka iche iche na nzube:

• Modifiers. Ha na-e ka mma ike na dịkwuo ntu oyi na-eguzogide nke ihe.
• Plasticizers. Dịkwuo agagharị na waterproofness ngwakọta.
• Regulators agagharị. Nwere ike ịgbatị ọnọdụ oge, ịnọgide na-enwe agagharị na iga.
• Antimoroznye nwekwara. Na-enye nkịtị ighota nke ngwọta na ala okpomọkụ ala mwepu 20 degrees.
• Accelerator. Amụba ọsọ ọnọdụ site na-enye ndị kasị bụla. ke akpa usen.

Na ngwa nke nwekwara, ihe oriri kwa 1 m3 nke ihe kwesịrị ikpebisi ike na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ na-atụ aro nke emeputa. Mebiri nke ntuziaka maka ojiji nwere ike nwere ezi na-abụghị mmetụta.