Intranasal - bụ ọgwụ ochichi? intranasal formulations

E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche nke na-ewebata ọgwụ n'ime ahụ mmadụ. Ná mmalite nke mbụ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-eji obodo ụzọ n'ụdị ngwa, rastirok, compresses, na onu, gụnyere ingestion nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onunu ogwu iche ma ọ bụ sublingual absorption. ihe mgbagwoju ụzọ e ji na mmepe nke ọgwụ na ahụ ike na nkà na ụzụ na nnyefe nke nọ n'ọrụ umi lekwasịrị ngwa.

E nwere rectal na mmamiri suppositories (suppository), multicomponent mbadamba na capsules, gụnyere ntekwasa mbadamba, etisasịwo ma ọ bụ gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ ma ọ bụ nsia enzymes. Ọgwụ na ụzọ: intra- na subcutaneous, intramuscular, igba ogwu n'akwara na intra-ọbara, intraosseous. The ọgwụ na-agbara ndi mmadu n'ime nkwonkwo oghere na akụkụ.

N'agbanyeghị mfe ụzọ nke ochichi, endotracheal na intranasal formulations e ji dịtụ na-adịbeghị anya. N'ezie, imi tụlee adị ugbua na Hippocrates. Otú ọ dị, intranasal - nke a bụ otu ụzọ nke ochichi maka nnyefe na ndị ọzọ na akụkụ, na bụghị a usọbọ maka ozizi na a oyi, na ndị dị otú ahụ ochichi e ji mee nanị ole na ole ruo iri afọ gara aga.

Groups intranasal formulations, na-enye n'ozuzu (systemic) edinam

Ọtụtụ nnyocha e mere gosiri na agha megide nkịtị oyi - abụghị nanị ihe mere iwebata ọgwụ n'ime gọzie gị oghere. A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere a systemic ihe, na-eji nwayọọ etinye obi gị dum na mucous akpụkpọ ahụ nke gọzie gị amaokwu na iru ha na-aga ozugbo.

Intranasal ochichi bụ omume maka:

• H1-Antihistamines (anataghi);
• a-adrenoceptor agonists (vasoconstrictors);
• poolu cell stabilizers membranes;
• serotoninergic (inye dị iche iche mmetụta - of vasoconstriction na antiallergic);
• mmiri ọgwụ na protivogormonalnyh;
• narcotic analgesics ;
• immunomodulators;
• correctors metabolism nke cartilage na ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ;
• psychostimulants na nootropics.

Karịsịa intranasal ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ

Nnọọ ogologo oge na-emepụta ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-agbalị na-edozi abụọ aga-eme unsolvable na-akwanyere ndị iji ọgwụ nwere chemical Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein. The ịsụ ngọngọ bụ emeghasịkwa nke protein-peptide akụrụngwa, ifịk mgwa site gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ na nsia enzymes na onu n'ikuku. Ọzọkwa, nsogbu na-a onu nke mbụ Itie site imeju - nkịtị ọrụ nke mgbagwoju na ya excretion.

The ngwọta e hụrụ na ojiji nke injectable ụzọ nke ochichi na rectal suppositories. Otú ọ dị, nke mbụ ụzọ dị iche na ụfọdụ oru mgbagwoju, jikọtara na wetara sensations. Na nke abụọ bụ irè ezu n'ihi nke ala absorbability ná nkebi ikpeazụ nke ikensi. The mkpebi bịa na mberede. Ọ hụrụ na intranasal - ya dị ka ogwu ogbugba, dị otú ahụ na-elekọta, na nke ngwa mmalite nke ọgwụgwọ mmetụta. Na-agbakwunye ụfọdụ yiri bekee a na-nyere dị ka elu bioavailability, i.e. achọrọ ịta nke nọ n'ọrụ mgwa na saịtị nke ya ngwa.

Ọzọ bara uru ihe onwunwe intranasal ochichi gosiri na extracellular (gafere absorption n'ime n'ọbara site mucous) penetration nke nọ n'ọrụ bekee n'ime ụbụrụ. Inweta na olfactory ebe, ọgwụ na-anapụta ndị emep uta eri nke olfactory na trigeminal irighiri akwara.

Hapụ Nleta intranasal formulations

N'ihi na ntinye n'ime gọzie gị oghere a na-eji nnọọ ole na ole nke na-emepụta ọgwụ iche-iche. Nke mbụ bụ, n'ezie, imi tụlee. Ikekwe inhalation ntụ na ezi Ọdịdị. Eji na-ebikwasị ointments. Dị iche iche ihe ngwọta ma ọ bụ decoctions nke herbs maka ịsa dịghị òkè cavities na otu a na-abụghị n'ihi na obere ikpughe na mucosa mgbe etinyere.

Isi ụdị ntọhapụ intranasal ọgwụ ọjọọ na-enwe systemic mmetụta ndị ọ dịghị òkè sprays. Ha na-emepụta n'ụdị dosing canisters na abịakọrọ ikuku ma ọ bụ na-arụsi ọrụ mgbapụta-atomizer. Ekele a ụfọdụ olu nke umu anwuru ịgba mgbe enwe otu ugboro, ọ bụ omume na dịtụ controllable onunu ogwu nke ọgwụ.

Ọzọkwa, mgbe eji na ịgba bụ evenly mmiri gọzie gị mucosa. Nke a na enhances absorption nke ọgwụ na enhances ya pharmacological edinam.

Main uru nke gọzie gị ochichi

Dabere na ndị e kwuru n'elu, ọ bụ ike ime ka a mata isi ihe omume ọma nwere intranasal formulations. Na ala na mfe nke ochichi, nke na-adịghị achọ ọzọ oru ngwá na ọzụzụ pụrụ iche, dị ka ọ na injection ụzọ bụ nnọọ ịrịba si ha were site ndidi.

Na physiology na pharmacology nke ọnọdụ na akpa ebe bụ ekwe omume nke etiti ihe na ụbụrụ Ọdịdị. Egosi systemic mmetụta, na-abịa na a obere oge, dị ka ọgwụ usoro ochichi, ọ dịkwa mkpa. N'ihi na enweghị onu nke mbụ Itie site imeju, enye elu bioavailability nke ọgwụ na a obere ego nke metụtara oghom Jeremaya mere.

The ọghọm

Si echiche systemic mmetụta isi nsogbu bụ ịnọgide na-enwe a ọgwụgwọ larịị ke ọbara plasma ịta nke ọgwụ. N'aka ngwa ngwa etinye obi gị dum na esịmde a ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke edinam maka a obere oge, ya mere intranasal ochichi nwere ike na-eji maka na-adịghị adịte mgbazi nke ọnọdụ. Ruo ogologo oge mmetụta bụ nanị kwe omume mgbe ndinọ ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere mmetụta na ụbụrụ Ọdịdị.

Ke adianade do, o kwere omume na mmepe nke obodo Jeremaya mere na ọ dịghị òkè mucosa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na a zuru ezu akwa ịta nke nọ n'ọrụ mgwa ihe ndị mejupụtara nke ịgba na ọdịnaya nke ndị ọzọ mmiri iji hụ na kacha Itie ọgwụ si elu nke mucosa na ọbara.

Ikike absorption si gọzie gị uji eze ka a pụtara ole na ole nke ọgwụ ọjọọ ọ achọrọ maka nke a physicochemical Njirimara. Onye ọrịa bụ ihe mụbara ịta nke nọ n'ọrụ mgwa na-eduga ná ịrịba akwụ ụgwọ maka zuo nke a ịgba.

intranasal immunomodulators

Na anya-oge ma ọ bụ na ọrịa oyi maka igbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke ọtụtụ-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na-amụba n'ozuzu na obodo dịghịzi agbachitere.

N'ihi nzube nke mberede mgbochi ma na-echebe na-etinyere intranasal interferon.

Mgbe multiple ọmụmụ gosiri na intranasal ụzọ nke ochichi nke immunomodulators EME bụghị naanị na-egbochi ndị penetration nke nje, Nje site gọzie gị mucosa. Ọ na-akpali nke na-echebe ndị agha nke ya - ebighị nke ya mmepụta nke interferon. Na-akpali mmepụta nke endogenous interferon mmezi ọgwụgwọ dị ka a n'aka nke na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ, "Anandina" intranasal.

interferon mmadụ

The nkwadebe nke kpọmkwem dịghịzi nchedo enwe ọrụ megide ọtụtụ pathogens malitere ịrịa oyi, "Interferon" na-agbala n'ụdị mbadamba, injectable preparations na ntụ maka nkwadebe nke tụlee. N'ihi mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ, i nwere ike iji ihe ọ bụla ụdị tọhapụ. Ma n'ihi obodo nchedo ọkacha intranasally. Nke a, dị ka onye na-adịghị ahụ anya mgbochi ga-egbochi penetration nke a bukwanu ego nke virus na mkpụrụ ndụ nke mucous akpụkpọ ahụ nke gọzie gị oghere. Nke a ga-enye a ala omume na ọrịa ọnọdụ.

Immunostimulant "Anandina", anya tụlee ma gọzie gị

The ọgwụ na ọtụtụ-eji n'ihi na fọrọ nke nta ezu enweghị mmetụta, oghom Jeremaya mere na ezi dịghịzi stimulatory mmetụta. Ke adianade do, o nwere na-a akpọ ọnya-agwọ onwunwe na mkpa na ya ngwa dị ka anya tụlee na corneal ma ọ bụ conjunctival mmerụ.

Contraindications ka naanị nyere intramuscularly "Anandina". Gọzie gị tụlee na-ekwe mgbe ọ bụla afọ, afọ ime, lactation na ndị ọzọ n'ahụ ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa.

Ọ bụrụ na imi nsụchi

Mgbe mgbe ka itchy imi, Nje na profuse secretion nke imi-aghọ bụghị a virus, na antigen, na-eduga na-abụghị kpọmkwem dịghịzi nzaghachi - allergies. Na mgbagwoju ọgwụgwọ nke a n'ụdị rhinitis, intranasal corticosteroids na-eji. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa n'ihi na ndị mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ si na n'oge a kara aka iche nke ahu anataghi - hay fever.

Na ụfọdụ oge okooko osisi ndị dị otú ahụ ọrịa bụ naanị insufficiently ngwa antihistaminic ọgwụ otu, nke ọtụtụ mgbe igosipụta ọzọ na ogwuura mmetụta. Ọ bụghị ime n'okpuru oru nke moto ugbo ala, ọrụ ígwè, ma ọ bụ na ọnọdụ nke kacha echiche ịta. Mgbe ahụ họpụtara obodo mmiri ọgwụ sprays na wepu ngosipụta nke mgbaàmà na-enweghị ịrịba mmetụta na n'ozuzu mmiri ọgwụ itule.

precautionary jikoro

N'agbanyeghị na mbara nnweta na mfe portability ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, ọ dị mkpa icheta na intranasal - bụ, ka ọ bụla ọzọ, a ọgwụ na a ga-eji naanị na ndenye ọgwụ nke dọkịta, na ọgwụ onunu ogwu nke ha, multiplicity na oge nke n'ikuku.

Ọtụtụ mgbe e nwere ọnọdụ mgbe gị mkpa iji multiple ọgwụ ọjọọ, Kagbuo ọ dịghị nke nwere ike ọ bụghị. N'ihi ya, mkpa ịchọpụta ma ha ga-enwe mgbe jikọtara-ezighị ezi mmetụta na ahu. Ntuziaka maka ojiji nwere ike na-agụnye niile embodiments nke nfụkasị Jeremaya. Ọ bụ ya mere tupu ya amalite nkịtị ọgwụ ọjọọ dị ka suppositories, ointments na sprays, ị ga-hoo haa ịkpọ a ọkachamara.