Jenetik anwansi ike karịrị ike Garri Pottera e dere ya DNA?

Na ụwa nke "Harry Potter" anwansi ikike hapụkwara. Amoosu na wizards nne na nna ya bụ onye nwekwara kpokọtara ike, na ha nne na nna ochie. O sina dị, e nwere ndị wezụga a na-achị. Ka ihe atụ, Germiona Greyndzher a mụụrụ a ụzọ Muggles (ndị na-enweghị kpokọtara ike), na onye agbata obi gafee ụlọ Harry Seamus Finnigan bụ nwa-muggle nna ihe Irish amoosu.

Ma, mgbe ụfọdụ ndị amoosu na wizards di na nwunye nwere ụmụ na-enweghị kpokọtara ike, nke a na-akpọ a squib. Ndị a bụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ndị na-ekiri ekiri "Hogwarts" Argus Filch ma ọ bụ onye agbata obi Harry Arabella Figg. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na anwansi nwere iwu nke nketa, ma ihe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ihe kọwaa ihe mere ụfọdụ na-mụrụ amoosu ma ọ bụ wizards, ebe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị kpokọtara ike?

Ọ bụ ajụjụ a ebiere ndikpep Eric adịru - osote prọfesọ nke usoro ndu na Duke University dị na North Carolina, nke ẹkenịmde a ogbako na okwu a.

recessive mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa

Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere ike inye azịza nye ọtụtụ ajụjụ na kpokọtara ụwa nke "Harry Potter", ma ọ bụghị naanị ịkọwa anwansi nke ya dike. Ka ihe atụ, ntutu agba Weasley ezinụlọ pụkwara ịkọwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Red ntutu e mere site a mutation na MC1R site n'usoro. Otú ọ dị, nke a bụ a recessive àgwà, ie gosipụtara ya naanị na ihe banyere ebe mutation nọ ma tent nke DNA, nke na-ketara nwa. Ka Arthur na Molli Uizli red, ha na ụmụ ha na-eketa abụọ mbipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mutation na na-mụrụ na-acha uhie uhie na ntutu.

O sina dị, ke akpatre idaha nke ikpeazụ nkiri, "Harry Potter na anwụ Hallows: Part 2", anyị na-ahụ na Lily - eto eto ada Harry na Ginny - dị ka red ntutu isi, n'agbanyeghị na ha bụ ọchịchịrị, Harry. Nke a pụtara na Harry ketara a oyiri nke mutation site n'aka nne ya, onye bụkwa red, ma nye ya nwa ya nwaanyị. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Harry ketara site n'aka nne ya a ebute maka red ntutu, a mụrụ ya na ọchịchịrị ntutu dị ka nna ya James enweghị a mutation. N'ihi ya, ebute gosipụtara naanị ada Harry na Ginny.

kasị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa

Bụ anwansi site n'usoro dịkwa recessive, dị ka ikpe na-acha ọbara ọbara ntutu? Dị jikọrọ abụọ abụọ, Hagrid - forester na "Hogwarts" - egosi ihe na ọ bụghị. The Giants adịghị kpokọtara ike, na Hagrid a mụrụ na ezinụlọ a na nne na a ibu wizard nna. N'ihi ya, naanị oyiri nke anwansi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-gafere site na nna ya, na otú ọ bụ na-achị, ọ bụghị recessive.

autosomal e ji mara

Ihe atụ a yiri ka a ga-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na kpokọtara ike metụtara na a Y-chromosome, na bụ anwansi site n'usoro ga-gafere site na nna-DNA (nwanyị abụọ X chromosomes, mgbe ụmụ nwoke nwere otu X na Y- chromosomes). O sina dị, Seamus Finnigan nna ya bụ onye Muggle na nne ya bụ amoosu, otú ya kpokọtara ike ike-ebute site ná site Y-chromosome. Dị na-adịru na-eme autosomal kpokọtara ikike, ndị a na-adịghị metụtara mmekọahụ mara. N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwubi na anwansi site n'usoro bụ autosomal na-achị.

random mutation

Ọ ga-adị na ihe niile bụ ihe dị mfe, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ezinụlọ nwere ike ịpụta Muggle wizards? Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ a kasị àgwà, mgbe ahụ, ebe ke anwansi Hermione, n'ihi na ọ bụ nke mbụ ojoo n'ime ezinụlọ? Hermione bụ ihe atụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mutation de Novo, nke na-egosi na nke mbụ n'ihi a mgbanwe ke egg ma ọ bụ spam, ma ọ bụ n'ime nke ẹmbrayo na mgbe njikọta. Na ụdị mutation bụ nnọọ nkịtị na ndụ n'ezie.

Dị otú ahụ random mmụba pụkwara ịkọwa otú a ezinụlọ abụọ wizards mụọ a squib. Ọ bụrụ na ndị anwansi site n'usoro na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ọ na-emepụta a ụfọdụ ụdị protein. Phenotype, ma ọ bụ na a hụrụ anya e ji mara ịda site n'ọrụ a na-kpokọtara ike. Ma ọ bụrụ na i nwere nke a site n'usoro mutation (adịru chọrọ ka akpọ ya a mutation Squib), ọ dị ihe ọzọ ụdị protein na gbanwere anwansi site n'usoro. Ọ bụrụ na ndị DNA nke a nne na nna na-eburu otu SQUIB mutation, ọ nwere ike gbanyụọ na kpokọtara protein na-agaghị ekwe ka nwata zụlite ikike anwansi.

N'otu aka ahụ, ọkà mmụta sayensị na ugbu a nwere ike ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke mkpụrụ ijiji, na-ezo aka mkpachapụ nke butere n'aka àgwà n'ozuzu, kama mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke anwansi, dị ka kọwara site Dr. adịru.

Gịnị na-ekpebi ike nke majik

Ma, e nwere ajụjụ ọzọ: ihe mere ụfọdụ ndị amoosu na wizards na-atụle ike karịa ndị ọzọ? Nwere ike anyị na-akpọ onye a ọdịiche kpokọtara ikike? Na ma ọ nwere ike na-akọwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa? Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu n'ezie.

Kere a nwa onye nne na nna a "basketball" ibu. Nwa ahụ ga-eketa ya, ma ọ dịghị ekwe nkwa na ya ga-ọma-egwu basketball. N'ihi ya, si n'aka ruo n'aka anaghị ekwe nkwa na ị pụtara ìhè nkà. The ihe ọmụma na ike nke Hermione, nakwa dị ka ike na-Weasley bụ kpam kpam dabere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Ná mmechi nke ogbako otu n'ime ndị sonyere jụrụ Dr. adịru on ihe, n'echiche nke ya, ngalaba nke ya ga-ezite a "Sorting okpu". "Mgbe 100% na" Slytherin, "ma ọ bụ, dị ka m na-akpọ ya," Management "," - kwuru na-adịru.