Kunstkamera na Saint Petersburg: Museum

Kunstkamera na St. Petersburg (full aha -. Museum nke Anthropology na Ethnography aha mgbe Petra Velikogo, Russian Academy nke Sciences) tọrọ ntọala site na Emperor Peter Ukwu ahụ na St. Petersburg. Ọ meghere ke 1714.

Ihe karịrị otu nde arịa anakọtara na Kunstkammer n'oge, ma ole na ole iri puku kwuru iri ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ narị ngosi nka nke curiosities na-gụnyere ke ngosi, na-ada site na Peter Ukwu si njem ya na England na Holland, nke eze ukwu ahụ mere na 1698. Ejegharị esenidụt eze gara ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, enwe mmasị n'ebe "ukwuu ebube" collection of rarities na na ọgwụgwụ, m kpebiri na m guzosie ike na Russia yiri ndị Russia. N'ịbụ nke a echiche, Peter malitere ịzụ obere ihe, akwụkwọ ochie, ngwá agha, ngwaọrụ, akụrụngwa - ihe niile na-ike iju. Nnukwu collection na-ada ka Moscow, na eze. N'ihi ya, e curiosities - mbụ Russian ngosi nka.

akụkọ

Iche iche anakọtara ọgwụ anatomical rarities ẹnịm ke mmanya freaks nwa ọhụrụ, ụfọdụ na-egosi nke eke anomalies, ihe oge ochie ndụ na ndụ nke oge ochie ndị mmadụ. Ọtụtụ narị pụrụ iche ngosi kpụrụ ndabere nke "curiosities kabinet" nke Russian Tsar. Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Moscow obibi nke Peter na-agaghịkwa-chọpụtara ngosi si gburugburu ụwa bụ onye zitere ozi, zipụrụ ịchọ na-azụ ebube akpọkwa. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ kpebiri ebu akụ "Ọkaakaa si ọrụ" na St. Petersburg na-ewu a pụrụ iche ụlọ maka Kunstkammer. The aga e mere 1714, niile ngosi na-anọ nwa oge enịm ke Summer Obí. Na mgbe na ulo uku eze jupụtara, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-etinye na ụlọ Boyar Kikin - na-akpọ kikinskie Chamber. Ọ na-ama ahụ kpebiri-ewu ya ihe ngosi nka ụlọ, na ebe họọrọ ya ewu ke n'ọnụ nke Vasilyevsky Island, n'ihu Winter Obí, bụ nke dị n'ime hermitage.

Malite nke ewu

Peter Construction nke ngosi nka malitere na 1718 na were afọ iri abụọ. Site na oge nke ọnwụ nke eze ukwu - na 1725 - na anyị nwere na-ewu mgbidi naanị. The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Johann Georg Mattarnovi onye kere ngo na Baroque style na nọ na-ewu ruo 1719. Mgbe ọnwụ ya, ọ nọgidere na-ewu nke Nicholas Gerbel. Na 1724 Gaetano Kiaveri were onodu-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Na 1726 na ụlọ nke ngosi nka malitere mbubata gosiri anyị.

Ọdịdị

Abụọ atọ-storey ụlọ nke ngosi nka jikọọ a tiered ụlọ elu nke elu a Baroque dome. Ihe ngosi ogide dum ọwụwa anyanwụ nku nke mgbagwoju, emi odude ke n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Russian Academy nke Sciences, nkezi ụlọ bụ anatomical Ụlọ ihe nkiri, na a na-ndokwa Gottorp Globe na Observatory na ya, na ụlọ elu ya. Na 1830, ndị Museum nke curiosities na Saint-Petersburg e kewara n'ime anọ iche iche Botanical, ethnographic, Zoological na mineralogical, ọ bụla nke na nke a bụ akụkụ nke isi ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. Thematically curiosities mejupụtara asatọ ngalaba:

• The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Kunstkammer. Russian sayensị nke XVIII narị afọ.
• Anatomical ngalaba.
• North America.
• India na Indonesia.
• Japan.
• China na Mongolia.
• Africa.
• Australia na Oceania.

History Kunstkamery

Museum nke curiosities na St. Petersburg na-agụnye atọ ngosi: "Museum nke M. V. Lomonosova", "Astronomical Observatory nke Academy nke Sciences nke St. Petersburg" na "Gottorp Globe-Planetarium". The ngosi na-egosiputa mmalite ụbọchị nke Kunstkammer, a ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma a ga-ebibi ọrụ nke University na St. Petersburg Academy nke Sciences, na Observatory na oge ahụ kpọmkwem nke ọrụ, na-emi odude ke Central ulo-elu nke ihe ngosi nka, nakwa dị ka na mwekota nke ot akara Petersburg meridian. Permament show Conference Room nke St. Petersburg Academy nke Sciences.

anatomical ngalaba

Kunstkamera na St. Petersburg (foto kwuru n'isiokwu a) nwere a-akpali nnọọ mmasị Mmebe ngalaba. Ebe a, a nnukwu ngosi anakọtara site na ndiiche rarities nke eke si :. a anatomical deformities, ihe atụ sirenomelia, siamese ejima, Cyclops nwa atụrụ na abụọ isi, wdg The isi ngosi agụnye a collection nke Dutch anatomist Frederik Ruysch, nke e nwetara site Peter Ukwu maka a buru ibu na 1717 afọ.

North America

Kunstkamera na St. Petersburg bụ ịkọwa ewepụtara oge ochie iche iche nke North America Afrika - na Eskimos, ndị India, Aleuts. The ngosi na-agụnye a ụlọ n'ebe ugwu dị iche iche, ndị oge ochie na-ewu - agịga otiti yaranga. Obibi India gosiri na ụdị ndị a-anọ ọnọdụ abalị, na a kpochapụwo na-enweghị agba?. Ọzọkwa featuring mba uwe nke oge ochie bi North America, na-mere si anụmanụ skins, furs, feathers na osisi emep uta eri.

India na Indonesia

The iche iche nke South Asia na-anọchi anya na Kunstkammer ya nile di iche iche: ebe a na n'ụlọ nke oge ochie ebo nile, na nri arịa, na ngwá agha na-enye nri na na nke na-alụ ọgụ. The pụrụ iche ọnọdụ nke Ụlọ Ngwá Agha exposition India ogide a ụfọdụ ụzọ curved daga akpọ "KRIS" - a egwu, adịghị eme ebere oyi ogwe aka, yiri a ire oku. Ma, ọtụtụ nke ngosi ngalaba okwu banyere udo. Ebe na-anọchi anya ihe nkiri na pụrụ iche veshalah akadiahade oge ochie nkiri nwoke na nwaanyị suut, mgbe kpọgidere puppets. A gatụkwuru bụ a ogbo maka arụmọrụ nke ihe nkiri nke onyinyo. Ọtụtụ arịa nke pịrị osisi si dị iche iche na Indian mpaghara.

Japan

Ezinaụlọ ihe na Japanese oge ochie Ainu ndị mmadụ bi na Japanese agwaetiti na prehistoric ugboro, na-n'ihu na ngalaba nke mba nke na-esiwanye Sun ethnography. Ukwuu anya na-akwụ ụgwọ ndị Japanese media maka ịkụ azụ na ịchụ nta. The ngosi nwere ezigbo azu mee, oge ochie nko, ụgbụ na a dịgasị iche iche nke afia, bịara Kunstkammer nke anya ụfọdụ, ụfọdụ nke ngosi ihe karịrị 10 puku afọ. Iche iche gosipụtawo na ihe agha nke Japanese eh. Kunstkamera na St. Petersburg bụ eh mma agha "Katana", nke na-achọkwa na miniature daga "kusungobu" maka ememe igbu onwe - harakiri. E nwekwara a na nwanyị ememe daga, otú obere na ha na-adịghị anya ọbụna a nwaanyị aka, ma o ha ka ha dọọrọ ọnwụ. Ya mere mma bụ ezuru nwaanyị nke eh umunna aka n'olu, ọ nọkwa n'ọnụ ọnwụ.

China na Mongolia

Kunstkamera - Museum, nke ọnọde China dị ka a mba nke achọpụta poselin, silk na gunpowder. Ochie tent nke ezi china jupụtara ikpughe. Ebe a, ọtụtụ ndị iko na saucers, kọfị ite na sugar ọkwá. Efere anakọtara na-ekewa site ama ibiere dị ka poselin cup mfe ọrụ ugbo na oké magburu nnọọ iche. The ngosi awade ama Chinese cloisonne, ngwaahịa mere nke ọkpụkpụ, nkume na osisi. Natural silk, kpara site n'aka ndị oge ochie na-akpa ákwà agbanwebeghị kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ, ọ bụ ka dị ka yi. A pụrụ iche ebe ke ngosi bụ a mirror-a anyanwụ mmiri okpomọkụ. Nke a ngwaọrụ kemgbe na ọ fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla Chinese home: Ụwa enyo, mere ndokwa nke mere na anyanwụ na ụzarị gosipụtara si enyo, ha banye a ùkwù na kwụsịtụrụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ketulu.

Kunstkamera na St. Petersburg bụ Mongolian ngosi, na nke isi ngosi bụ a yurt - nomad obibi nke ike-apịaji ma gaa ebe ọzọ. Ndị a yurts amụbawo kemgbe mmalite nke XV narị afọ. Nke ogologo osisi Ogwe-aga ji kpachie oghere jere ozi dị ka isi, mgbe slatted etiti kpuchie chere na ligate ụdọ. The yurt e setịpụrụ dị otú ahụ n'ụzọ na n'ihu ọnụ ụzọ ihu n'ebe ndịda. Ebe mgbidi abụghị n'ọnụ ụzọ, e weere ya kwesịrị nsọpụrụ, na-emekarị etie hụrụ n'anya ọbịa. Ke adianade do, ime ohere nke yurt ekewa n'ime nwanyi na nwoke halves. Ke n'etiti ndị n'ụlọ a center, a ebe dị nsọ ihe.

Akwagharị akwagharị mgbe gbanwere ha ebe obibi, ọ dị mkpa ka chọọ ebe ịta nri maka ehi. Ọzọkwa gosiri bụ Mongolian ọrụ ugbo, ịnyịnya saddles, iche na blanket maka ịnyịnya.

Africa

Kunstkamera - Museum, nke na-nwere a ụlọ ewepụtara Afrika. Ọ na-egosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nwa ndi bi a ole na ole narị afọ gara aga n'ebe ndịda nke Sahara Desert. E nwere oge ochie ugbo ngwaọrụ, osisi arụpụta ọgụ wetara site ehi tụziri adị kwa ụbọchị ihe na artefacts, akọ mere nke ojii.

Australia na Oceania

Australian ngosi mejupụtara tumadi nke azu gia na ịchụ nta na ngwá, na nke natives irite ha ndụ. Ọtụtụ ndị Australia ndidi di iche iche, na nke na-egbute nkume pel si oké osimiri n'ala. Iji mee nke a, ha nwere ihe pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ, nke na-na-na-anọchi anya na ihe ngosi.

Kunstkamera na St. Petersburg, ngosi nke e zigara si gburugburu ụwa, mgbe niile ịgbasa ha ikpughe.