Transmissive mode nke nnyefe

Ọtụtụ ọrịa adịghị nnọọ eme, na-ebute site ná si iyi ka a gbasiri ike. Anyị na-atụ aro ị mara nke ọma na nnyefe nke na-efe efe, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ịghọta na ihe nkowa na vector kesara ọrịa. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa n'oge ọkụ ọnwa.

Ụdị ọrịa nnyefe

The ọrịa nwere ike ibunye ndị ụmụ mmadụ na-eso ụzọ:

1. Alimentary. nnyefe ụzọ - na digestive usoro. Ofufe Ọrịa na-ingested na ihe oriri na mmiri nwere pathogens (e.g., nsia-efe efe, ọnyụnyụ ọbara, salmonellosis, ọrịa ọgbụgbọ na ọnyụnyụ).
2. Airborne. nnyefe ụzọ - na kuru ikuku ma ọ bụ ájá nwere nje ahụ.
3. Pin. nnyefe ụzọ - na isi iyi nke ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọrịa (atụ, a na-arịa ọrịa onye). Direct kọntaktị nwere ike oria mmekọahụ nakwa dị ka kọntaktị-ulo-ya, nke di na nkịtị ojiji na-metọrọ emetọ na ihe n'ụlọ (e.g., towel ma ọ bụ efere).
4. ọbara:

• Vetikal, n'oge nke nne ọrịa na-aga site na Plasenta na nwa;
• transmissive mode nke nnyefe nke ọrịa - ọrịa site ọbara iji ndụ Vektọ (ụmụ ahụhụ);
• mịnye mgbe ọrịa emee site insufficiently emeso ngwá na eze na ụlọ ọrụ, dị iche iche na ọrụ ahụ ike (n'ụlọ ọgwụ, laboratories, na na), ịma mma na ntutu salons.

Transmissive mode nke nnyefe

Transmissive mode nke nnyefe - na-na ọbara ndị bu nje nwere nje elekọta mmadụ, n'ime ọbara nke onye ahụ dị mma. Ọ rụrụ ndụ Vektọ. Transmissive ụzọ na-agụnye nnyefe nke pathogens via ọbara-aṅụ ahụhụ:

• kpọmkwem ahụhụ aru;
• mgbe trituration na akpụkpọ mmebi (e.g., scratches) gburu ụmụ ahụhụ Vektọ.

Enweghị ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị nke transmissible ọrịa nwere ike ime ka ọnwụ.

nnyefe ụzọ na nhazi ọkwa Vektọ transmissible ọrịa

Transmissible ọrịa n'ụzọ pụtara na ndị na-esonụ ụzọ:

1. Inoculation - ike ndị mmadụ na-ebute ọrịa mgbe ha aru ahụhụ site ya mouthparts. Ndị dị otú ahụ a nyefe ga-eme ihe karịrị otu ugboro ma ọ bụrụ na a ụgbọelu adịghị anwụ anwụ (atụ, dị ka ekesa ịba).
2. Ofufe - a onye na-ebute oria site rubbing ahụhụ na nsị na gāta ebe. Ofufe Ọrịa nwere ike ugboro ugboro ka ọtụtụ ugboro ruo ọnwụ transporter (Ihe Nlereanya ọrịa - ịba ahụ ọkụ).
3. Specific ofufe - ofufe nke onye ahụ dị mma na-adị n'oge rubbing ahụhụ na mebiri emebi akpụkpọ (eg, mgbe o nwere a ọkọ ma ọ bụ a ọnya). Nyefee pụtara nanị otu ugboro, dị ka a ụgbọelu anwụ (Ihe Nlereanya ọrịa - relapsing fever).

Ebu, n'aka nke ya, na-ekewa n'ime ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

• Kpọmkwem, na ahụ nke na-gụrụ na mmepe nke pathogens na nwere ọtụtụ ndụ nkebi.
• Mechanical, na onye ahu nke pathogens na-adịghị mmepe, ma naanị ruo ogologo oge.

Ụdị ọrịa nke na-ebute site ná transmissible n'ụzọ

Gaje Ịbụ ọrịa na ọrịa, nke infects ụmụ ahụhụ na-enyemaka nke:

• relapsing fever;
• anthrax;
• tularemia;
• echegbu;
• ụbụrụ;
• mmadụ immunodeficiency virus;
• Chagas ọrịa, ma ọ bụ American trypanosomiasis;
• odo fever (a malitere ịrịa ọrịa nke na ogbe);
• iche iche na ụdị nke ahụ ọkụ;
• Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever (elu Onu ọnwụ - si iri na iri na iri anọ percent);
• Ọrịa dengue fever (ahụkarị ndị okpomọkụ);
• lymphatic filariasis (e ji mara maka okpomọkụ);
• osimiri kpuo ìsì, ma ọ bụ onchocerciasis, na ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ.

E nwere ihe abụọ na narị abụọ iche iche nke ọrịa na-ebute site ná site transmissible.

Specific Vektọ transmissible ọrịa

Anyị kwuru n'elu na e nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị-ebu. Tụlee ndị na onye ntule na-pathogens ba uba ma ọ bụ mmepe okirikiri.

Mechanical ebu transmissible na-efe efe

Ndị a na ụmụ ahụhụ na-ekesa nje ahụ n'ụdị nke ọ natara.

Nyefee nke mmadụ immunodeficiency virus

Number nke ibunye nkeji kwa milliliter ọbara nke HIV nje na-- ruo puku atọ. Ọ bụ na narị atọ ugboro karịa na agbapụ ọmụmụ. mmadụ immunodeficiency virus na-agbasa na-eso ụzọ:

• mmekọahụ;
• si a ime ma ọ bụ na-azụ nwa na nwa;
• site n'ọbara (ịgbanye, n'oge a mịnye nke nje ọbara ma ọ bụ transplantation nke anụ ahụ na akụkụ site na HIV-nje);

Transmissible ụzọ nke HIV na nnyefe bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume.

Prevention of transmissible na-efe efe

Mgbochi iji gbochie nnyefe nke vector kesara na-efe efe:

• disinfestation, ie òké;
• disinfestation, ntụgharị a set nke jikoro maka mbibi nke na-ebu;
• a set nke usoro iji melite ike ebe (atụ, ala reclamation);
• na ojiji nke onye ma ọ bụ mkpokọta n'aka nchedo anwụnta (e.g., wristbands impregnated na mkpa mmanụ, ụmụ ahụhụ na ọgwụ, sprays, anwụnta);
• ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na-eme;
• ịtụkwasị ndị ọrịa na nje na kwarantaini mpaghara.

Ebumnobi bụ isi nke mgbochi bụ iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kwere omume Vektọ. Naanị nke a nwere ike belata ohere ibute ọrịa ndị dị ka relapsing fever vshiny, transmissible anthroponoses, ahụ ọkụ na leishmaniasis cutaneous phlebotomine obodo.

N'ókè nke mmezi ọrụ na-adabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nje, karịsịa ọrịa. N'ihi ya, ha nwere ike rụrụ n'ime:

• n'okporo ámá;
• ebe;
• obodo;
• ebe, na dị ka.

mgbochi ịga nke ọma na-adabere na-akpachapụ nke ọrụ na larịị nke nnyocha ọrịa na-elekwasị anya. Anyị na-achọ na ị na ezi ahụ ike!