Live na inactivated vaccines. Inactivated polio ogwu: ntuziaka, nsogbu. Inactivated ogwu - na ọ bụ ...

A ogwu (inactivated), - a na nkà mmụta ọgwụ esịnede malitere ịrịa ahụ toro na omenala, nke bibiri ụzọ nke kwes ọgwụgwọ na ihe nke cell nsi (formaldehyde). Dị otú ahụ nje ndị cultured na a lab gburugburu ebe obibi iji belata antigenicity na-atụle ndị na-abụghị na-efe efe (enweghị ike iji kpasuo a ọrịa). Gburu ọgwụ mgbochi iche ukwuu nta ikike dị tụnyere ndụ, ma na nke abụọ ochichi ụdị pụtara ike ọgụ.

Ka njikere ogwu

Ka ịmepụta ha, dị ka a na-achị, na-eji epizootic obi nje, nke na-doro ọcha na-agabiga na (inactivation), na-eduga na irreparable ọnwụ nke virus susceptibility mụta nwa (emepụtaghachi), ma n'otu oge na-edebekwa ya immunogenic na antigenic e ji mara. Ya mere, ọ ga-gburu nucleic acid (malitere ịrịa genome), nke ihe mejupụtara a ogwu (inactivated) - bụ gburugburu ebe ebe ọ proliferates ọma.

Ọzọkwa, na-ekwesịghị gbanwere polysaccharides, ndi na-edozi na glycoproteins nke virus, n'ihi na a nzere mmeghachi omume na-adabere na umi nke virus capsid. N'ihi ya, ọ na-efunari ike mụta nwa na ọrịa, ma nwee uche na ebighị na ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ na-ahụkarị ihe nke ọgụ.

The technology nke imewe nke a agwọ ọrịa

Ịmepụta inactivated ogwu-amalite na nhọrọ nke mmepụta nje nke virus, omenala, na ya ìgwè ke mwute ndu owuwu (cell omenala, na ụmụ anụmanụ, embrayo nnụnụ). Mgbe ahụ virus-nwere feedstock na-doro ọcha na mix n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche (ultra- centrifugation, filtration, wdg).

A ogwu (inactivated) - ọ bụ na-a n'ihi nke saturation, malitere ịrịa ọcha mmadụ. Usoro a bụ a dị nnọọ mkpa mgbe, n'ihi na ọ na-ebibi ndị virus anaghị agbasa na ahu, na n'ihi a siri ike iji chebe onwe mmeghachi omume dị mkpa ịme a nnukwu ego nke malitere ịrịa ihe onwunwe. Virus nkwusioru-esichara si dị arọ bekee (lipids residues cellular owuwu, ndị na-abụghị malitere ịrịa na-edozi), nke na-ebu mmezi ibu arọ ahụ ọgụ na n'ụzọ dị ukwuu belata osisi ike na e ji mara ndị na-echebe Ibọrọ.

Enwetara mgbe saturation na ọcha nke virus-nwere nkwusioru na-doro inactivation. Na ikpe nke karịsịa ike ike virus inactivation ọgwụgwọ tupu ihe. Mgbe ọ na-achọrọ na-atụle na ụgbọ dị arọ bekee igbochi ya na usoro nke inactivation.

Mgbe influenza ogwu e mere (inactivated), n'ihi na ihe atụ, a dị ezigbo mkpa na-ekwu bụ oke nke inactivator na inactivation nke ezigbo ebe obibi, na-eme ka o kwe omume kpamkpam ịgọnahụ transmissibility nke virus na kasị ukwuu ego antigenicity. Ma imewe inactivating Jeremaya mere agụghị oké ịmụ, na ha ngwa mgbe ibuo.

Njirimara nke inactivated ọgwụ mgbochi

N'ihi mgbochi nke malitere ịrịa ọrịa ọma inactivated vaccines, nke nwere ọtụtụ elu-ebi ndụ. Agachoputa ihe ina arụpụtaghị - bụ àgwà na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị malitere ịrịa antigen, nhọrọ nke kwesịrị ekwesị inactivator na inactivation ọnọdụ. Okwu ahụ bụ "inactivated" na-ezo aka nje nke ndụ nke ọgwụ ngwọta.

Live na inactivated ọgwụ mgbochi na-anọkarịrị na-egbute site kpụ ọkụ nje na site n'ibibi ndị anụ ahụ na chemical toxicity mgbe retaining immunogenicity site. Ọgwụ ndị a ga-na-adịghị emerụ na inwe multiple malitere ịrịa antigen akpasu a iji chebe onwe omume na antibody mmepụta. Ndị na-adị N'ezie nke isi ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ọgwụ bụ 2-3. N'ọdịnihu, ị nwere ike mkpa booster gbaa akwado dịghịzi usoro.

Ihe ha nwere ndọghachi azụ

Inactivated ọgwụ mgbochi nwere esiwanye àgwà na-agbanweghi agbanwe, ma e wezụga na ha bụ ndị dị mma. Ha na-eji tumadi maka nzube nke mgbochi na mmepụta na ize ndụ ebe. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọgwụ dị iche na ụfọdụ minuses:

• technology nke ha rụpụta bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya, na nke a bụ n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa nke inweta a bukwanu virus-nwere feedstock saturation antigen ihicha inactivation nke malitere ịrịa genome, nakwa dị ka na Nsonye na Ọdịdị nke ogwu adjuvants;
• nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ ime ka nfụkasị Jeremaya mere n'ihi booster ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa;
• gị mkpa igba ihe karịrị otu ugboro na nnukwu doses;
• ogwu (inactivated) - nke a bụ a na-adịghị ike stimulator ahụ nchedo, n'ihi ndị a na-eguzogide nke digestive tract mucous membranes na elu akụkụ okuku ume na akụkụ-egosi ihe na-erughị mgbe ojiji nke ndụ ọgwụ mgbochi;
• ha ga-eji naanị parenterally;
• ezughi oke ọgwụ eji ruo ogologo oge ma na-ufiop ọgụ karịa na ndụ yana ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi.

Gịnị bụ polio na otú ọ na-egosipụta onwe?

Bịara yie ka à bụ nnukwu malitere ịrịa ọrịa na-awakpo ndị ụjọ usoro (ọgidigi azụ colorless umi). Na-amalite na-egosi flaccid mkpọnwụ, karịsịa nke ala na nsọtụ. More siri ike ikpe nke ọgidigi azụ ọnya iduga akụkụ okuku ume na njide. Na ebe a bụ ihe inactivated polio ogwu nwere ike aka.

Clinically, ọrịa a nwere ike so onye na-abawanye na okpomọkụ, muscle na isi ọwụwa na n'ihu guzobere ịnọrọ. Ọrịa a na-ebute site ná si onye ọzọ site Nje, mkparịta ụka site mmiri, unyi ihe, nakwa dị ka nri. Kpatara ọrịa na-atụle ga-arịa ọrịa. The ọrịa na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ma ọtụtụ ndị chere na nke a bụ polio na-adị mgbe ndị fix bụ na-ama nke mbụ ahụ nke mkpọnwụ.

Oge site na mmalite nke incubation ọrịa na-efe efe tupu ọdịdị nke mbụ ihe ịrịba ama dịruru 1-2 izu nwekwara ike ịbụ si 4 ụbọchị 40. The virus abatakwa ahu site na mucous membranes nke eriri afọ ma ọ bụ ndị nasopharynx, bred e, na ibà n'ọbara, iru spinal akwara, mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ na-ebibi ha. Ya mere, e nwere mkpọnwụ.

Ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide polio maka ụmụaka

Biko mara na ọrịa bụ a malitere ịrịa ọrịa na a pụrụ iche na-emeso, na-emetụta nnọọ ndị a nje na-adịghị adị. Naanị irè ọgwụ iji gbochie ọrịa - bụ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa.

Iji gbochie polio, abụọ n'aka na-eji:

• Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV), bụ nke nwere nwụrụ anwụ ọrịa na anụ ụdị nje virus ẹkenam site injections;
• ndụ onu polio ogwu (OPV), nke nwere ike gbanwetụrụ ndụ nje (mmiri mmiri dripped n'ọnụ).

Ndị a ngwaahịa na akaụntụ maka 3 ụdị polio virus, ie echebe megide niile dị nhọrọ nyere ọrịa. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-adịghị emepụta Russia polio ogwu, ma e nwere a mba ọzọ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ "Imovaks Polio", ọma ruru eru maka grafting. Ke adianade do, inactivated polio ogwu pụtara esịne ke "Tetrakok" (ejikọta agwọ ọrịa maka igbochi pertussis, diphtheria na tetanus). Ma ndị a na-eji ego ndị na-enweghị emebi ahia iwu na ndị nne na nna. Ndị dị otú ahụ ọgwụ mgbochi nwere ike ndinọ n'out oge na immunoglobulin.

Inactivated polio ogwu: ntuziaka

A mgbanwe nke ndị dị otú ahụ ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na-emepụta na mmiri mmiri ụdị, nkwakọ bụ a ntụtụ dispenser nke 0,5 ml. Nsoro nke ochichi - ogwu ogbugba. Maka ụmụ ọhụrụ ruo ọnwa 18 ọgwụ a na-eme subcutaneously na undercut nke ubu ma ọ bụ apata intramuscularly. Older ụmụ - na na n'ubu mpaghara. E nweghị contraindications na-akwanyere oge na ihe ọṅụṅụ n'ikuku, ọ dịghị nri.

Mmetụta na-ahụ

Mgbe iwebata polio ogwu ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na 5-8% pụrụ hụrụ obodo Jeremaya mere (a abụghị nsogbu grafting) ka nācha ọbara-ọbara na edema, ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 10 cm n'obosara. Naanị na 1-5% nke ikpe na-ahụrụ nkịtị vaccinal Jeremaya mere ka a nwa oge obere ịrị elu okpomọkụ, mmetụta uche nke nwa maka 1-2 ụbọchị mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa.

Drug "Imovaks Polio"

Nke a na ngwá ọrụ e ọma ji na Russia. Yana ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi gwụrụ, ọbụna ụmụaka nwere ọrịa na nke eriri afọ tract. Ke adianade do, na polio ogwu (inactivated) ekewa 4 nkebi nke ọgwụ: 3, 4, na 6 ọnwa. The 18 bụ a pụrụ ịtụkwasị n'elu.

Anyadokwa nwa na-adịghị na-atụle ga-na-efe efe ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe amamihe na-ebelata ya edidu ke eferife n'izu mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, n'ihi na nwa ebelatawo virus nwere ike ibunye ya ndị ọzọ ọrịa. The ọgwụ na-mere na apata ụkwụ ma ọ bụ ogwe aka. Nācha ọbara-ọbara region nlekọta "Imovaksa" nkịtị, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ruru ka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa nwere ike ịbụ ruo 39 degrees na elu.

Inactivated polio ogwu: Nsogbu

Arụnyere ụfọdụ n'ime nsogbu na-erukwa na mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na mgbagwoju ọgwụ "Infanrix Hexa", "Pentaxim", "Infanrix IPV", "Tetrakok":

• otitis media;
• n'adịghị ike anyị;
• eze mgbu na stomatitis;
• aza Lymph;
• nchegbu;
• itchy akpụkpọ ọkụ ọkụ;
• anaphylactic ujo;
• na-egbu mgbu sensations na induration na ọgwụ mpaghara;
• ụra disturbances;
• ọrịa nke elu akụkụ okuku ume na tract;
• fever na ya nzọụkwụ apịajighị apịaji;
• Angioedema;
• ọgbụgbọ;
• afọ ọsịsa;
• vomiting;
• ọhụrụ ákwá;
• ntọt ke okpomọkụ nke ahụ.

Ọtụtụ mgbe e nwere nsogbu, na-enwekwu ndị ibu na nwa-echebe usoro, mgbe bụ ogwu polio na DTP. The mmeghachi omume nwere ike achọpụtara ma site tụlee na nke pertussis-tetanus ego.

contraindications

Polio ogwu - a abụghị a ogwu oria nkita omenala (inactivated), nke na-mere si anụmanụ oria nkita. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi a na-agwọ ya, chebe nwata ahụ si n'ihu mkpọnwụ na ikekwe ọnwụ. Dị tupu ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa dị mkpa iji gaa na a pediatrician ya direction na a n'ozuzu analysis nke mmamịrị na ọbara, na mgbe ahụ na-edebe ha na a ọgwụ ọgwụ. Dabere na nyochara mere nnyocha na nwa dọkịta ga-agwa gị ma ọ bụrụ na o nwere ike na-emepụta a ogwu maka oge. Maka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa mgbochi na-agụnye:

1. Mbelata.
2. Oké ọrịa ma ọ bụ exacerbation nke ala ala.
3. teething.
4. Immunodeficiency (ibelata na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke leukocytes).
5. Hypersensitivity na Efrata.
6. Nnukwu mkpali mmeghachi omume ma ọ bụ ọ bụla akụkụ nke ya exacerbation.
7. Neoplasms nke hematopoietic na lymphoid anụ ahụ.

Mgbe ahụhụ a ọrịa ma ọ bụ ya nkpasu-iwe ka ogwu nwa gị nwere ike ọ bụla tupu 14 ụbọchị site na ụbọchị nke ọbara na-agwọ na nkịtị udu. Otu contraindications ikpe ebe nwa ahụ ike, ma na-efe efe ọrịa oria otu n'ime ezinụlọ. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ọgwụ ochichi (na nke inactivated ọgwụ mgbochi - N'ezie nile maara) ụmụ ọhụrụ mkpa a izu kwụsị ede esote nri.

Care kwesịrị iwere

Ndị mmadụ na-adịghị ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa megide polio (n'agbanyeghị afọ) na-ata ahụhụ na immunodeficiency nwere ike oria si ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ụmụaka na-arịa ọrịa ogwu-metụtara bịara yie ka à (VAP). E nwere otu mgbe a na nwa oria si ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ndị nne na nna nwere AIDS ma ọ bụ HIV, nakwa dị ka ndị ikwu na mbụ immunosuppression ma ọ bụ ndị na-ewere ọgwụ ọjọọ na-ebibi ahụ agbachitere usoro (maka ọgwụgwọ nke oncological ọrịa).

Ogwu megide ọrịa ndị dị ka polio, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eme n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma site ụkpụrụ nile, ga-enyere ndị na-emebi emebi nwa ịgbagha ize ndụ ma na-arịasi ọrịa ike. Na, Ya mere, ga-eme ka nwa ike, obi tara mmiri ahụ ya ma na-echebe ndị nne na nna si n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị isi ike mmetụta, nke na-emekarị nwere ike ịtachi obi ezinụlọ ọrịa nwa.