Mere capacitors? capacitor njikọ

Electric capacitor - bụ a na ngwaọrụ na-nwere ike na-echekwa ego na electric ubi ike. Ihe ọ mejupụtara a ụzọ nke na-eduzi (electrodes) iche site na a dielectric oyi akwa. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke dielectric bụ mgbe nnọọ obere karịa size nke efere. Na electric Ẹkot na sekit na sekit capacitor denoted 2 vetikal yiri agba (II).

Basic oke na unit

E nwere ụfọdụ ndị isi ụkpụrụ na kọwaa capacitor. Otu n'ime ha - nke a bụ ya ike (na Latin akwụkwọ ozi C), na nke abụọ - na-arụ ọrụ voltaji (Latin U). Ọdụdọ capacitance (ma ọ bụ a akpa) na SI usoro a tụrụ na farads (F). Na dị ka a unit ike nke 1 farad - a ọtụtụ - fọrọ nke nta na-etinyere na-eme. Ka ihe atụ, electric elekọta planet Earth bụ naanị 710 microfarads. Ya mere, eletriki capacitance nke capacitors ọtụtụ mgbe tụrụ na nkwekọrịta nke farad ụkpụrụ: na picofarads (pF) at a nnọọ obere uru nke capacitance (1pF = 1 / June ¹⁰ uF) na microfarads (uF) maka a zuru ezu nnukwu uru na ya (1 F = 1 / June ¹⁰ F). Gbakọọ eletriki capacitance, ọ dị mkpa ka ha kee ego nke ụgwọ akwakọba n'etiti electrodes, nwere ihe dị iche na n'etiti modul (capacitor voltaji). Ihe-ndebe nke capacitor na nke a - bụ a ụgwọ accumulates na onye nke efere nke ngwaọrụ na ajụjụ. 2 na-eduzi nke ngwaọrụ ha bụ otu na ịdị ukwuu ma dị iche na-iriba-ama, otú ha nchikota bụ mgbe hà efu. Ihe-ndebe nke capacitor tụrụ na coulombs (cl), na kpọrọ-ozi Q.

The voltaji na ngwa oru

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa parameters atụle site anyị bụ ngwaọrụ mmebi voltaji - nwere ihe dị iche ụkpụrụ nke abụọ na-eduzi nke capacitor, nke na-eduga ná ọkụ mmebi nke dielectric oyi akwa. The kacha voltaji na nke ngwaọrụ mmebi emee, kpebisiri ike site na udi nke na-eduzi, dielectric Njirimara na ya ọkpụrụkpụ. arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ n'okpuru nke voltaji na efere nso mmebi nke ngwa oru, na-agaghị ekwe. Nkịtị ọrụ voltaji nke capacitor bụ ihe na-erughị mmebi ọtụtụ ugboro (abụọ ma ọ bụ ugboro atọ). Ya mere, nhọrọ kwesịrị ntị ka gosiri voltaji na ikike. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, a ụkpụrụ gosiri na ngwaọrụ ma ọ bụ na akwụkwọ ikike ngafe. Agbanye capacitor network voltaji karịrị ihe gosiri egwu ya mmebi, na ndiiche si elu ọnụ uru nke capacitance pụrụ iduga ntọhapụ nke netwọk harmonics, na ekpo oke ọkụ nke ngwaọrụ.

ọdịdị capacitors

capacitor imewe nwere ike ịbụ nnọọ iche iche. Ọ na-adabere electric ikike ngwaọrụ na nzube ya. Na-ewere ngwaọrụ kwa ekwesịghị mmetụta mpụga ihe, otú ahụ ka electrode nwere a udi nke electric ubi N'ịbụ electric ebubo lekwasị ke a obere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị capacitor eduzi. Ya mere, ha nwere ike iso nke abụọ concentric ngalaba nke abụọ ewepụghị efere ma ọ bụ abụọ coaxial cylinders. N'ihi ya, capacitors nwere ike ịbụ cylindrical, * Tụkwasị na ewepụghị dabere na ọdịdị nke na-eduzi.

mgbe nile capacitors

Site na ọdịdị nke ihe mgbanwe elektroomkosti capacitors na-ekewa n'ime ngwaọrụ na mgbe nile ma ọ bụ agbanwe capacitance trimmers. Ka anyị tụlee n'ụzọ zuru ezu na onye ọ bụla nke ndị a na ụdị. Ngwaọrụ bụ nke ikike adịghị agbanwe n'oge ọrụ, ya bụ, na ọ bụ a mgbe nile (capacitance uru nwere ike ka na-adịgasị iche iche n'ime ókè dabere na okpomọkụ), - a mgbe nile capacitors. E nwekwara eletriki ngwa, ịgbanwe ya electric ike na usoro, na-akpọ ha variables.

Gịnị na-ekpebi ndị capacitor C

Ọdụdọ capacitance adabere n'elu ebe nke ya eduzi na anya n'etiti ha. E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ na-agbanwe ndị a ntọala. Tụlee a capacitor, nke ndị mejupụtara abụọ na ụdị efere: mobile na ofu. Ibughari efere na-akpali ikwu na ofu, si otú na-agbanwe agbanwe eletriki capacitance nke capacitor. Variables analogues na-eji analọg ngwaọrụ ntọala. Ọzọkwa, ike ga-agbanwe n'oge ọrụ. Trimmer capacitors na-akasị ji maka factory ọnọdụ ngwa, n'ihi na ihe atụ maka buru ike na enweghi ike empirically gbakọọ.

The capacitor sekit

E lee ya anya ngwaọrụ ke DC circuit enịmde ugbu a na mgbe ya Nsonye na netwọk (na otú e nwere a ụgwọ ma ọ bụ fanye ngwaọrụ isi iyi voltaji). Ozugbo capacitor a n'ụzọ zuru ezu ebubo, na nke ugbu a site na ọ bụghị. Mgbe ngwaọrụ bụ na circuit na nwetụ ugbu a Filiks nke odori na ịrụzu ya ọzọ ọ bụla ọzọ. N'oge ha na-eri oké nri bụ ndị oscillation oge nke etinyere sinusoidal voltaji.

e ji mara capacitors

The capacitor dị ka ala nke electrolyte na ihe onwunwe nke na ọ na-emi esịnede, ike akọrọ, mmiri mmiri, oxide okporo ọkụ, metal oxide. Liquid-mma condensers ọma, ndị a ngwaọrụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'okpuru elu ibu na ndị dị otú ahụ ihe dị mkpa ihe onwunwe dị ka onwe-agwọ ọrịa na mmebi nke dielectric. Na echiche nke eletriki na ngwaọrụ, akọrọ ụdị kama mfe imewe, ubé nta voltaji dobe na leakage ugbu a. N'oge ọ bụ akọrọ na ngwaọrụ ndị kasị ewu ewu na. Ndị isi uru nke electrolytic capacitors ndị dị ala na-eri, kọmpat size na nnukwu electric ikike. The oxide kachasị yitebe - pola (na-ekwesịghị ịdị na njikọ na-eduga ná ndakpọ).

Esi jikọọ

Ijikọ na capacitor na circuit na mgbe nile ugbu a bụ dị ka ndị: mma (anode) ugbu a isi iyi ejikọrọ na electrode nke kpuchie ihe oxide film. N'ihe banyere ndị na-abụghị nnabata nke dielectric mmebi nwere ike ime. Ọ bụ n'ihi nke a mmiri mmiri capacitors mkpa ka a ejikọrọ na usoro na ihe AC ike isi iyi, na-ejikọrọ na usoro abụọ yiri ngalaba. Ma ọ bụ iji mee ka oxide oyi akwa na ma electrodes. N'ihi ya, a na-abụghị pola ngwa oru na-arụ ọrụ na netwọk na ma mgbe nile na a sinusoidal ugbu a. Ma na na na na ndị ọzọ, na n'ihi ike na-aghọ ọkara. Unipolar eletriki capacitors nwere bukwanu size, ma e nwere ike webatara ke a circuit na nwetụ ugbu a.

The isi ngwa nke capacitors

Okwu "capacitor" nwere ike nụrụ site ọrụ dị iche iche ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ na imewe institutes. Ebe mesoo ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe, e ji mara na anụ ahụ Filiks, chọpụta ihe mere anyị mkpa capacitors, ihe atụ, na ume ọkọnọ usoro? A batrị usoro na-n'ọtụtụ ebe na-ewu na nwughari nke ulo oru osisi nke ike ihe na mgbazi PFC (network megide achọghị orùrù nke ya aga) nwere ike belata ume-akwụ ụgwọ, azọpụta on cabling ngwaahịa ma napụta ọkụ eletrik n'ji nke kacha mma mma. The kacha oke nke ike isi mmalite na a na usoro njikọ ebe nke reactive ike (Q) na netwọk nke eletriki ike usoro (EPS) nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na akụ na ụba na technical arụmọrụ egosi EPS ọrụ. E nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị PFC: transverse na longitudinal. Mgbe transverse ụgwọ capacitor akụ ejikọrọ ke ukem na a substation ụgbọ ala na na-akpọ shunt ibu (SHBK). Mgbe longitudinal ụgwọ batrị gụnyere ike edoghi na crosscuts akpọ CCP (usoro ụgwọ ngwaọrụ). Batrị iso nke iche iche ngwaọrụ nke nwere ike tinyere ihe dị iche iche: ejikọta a capacitor na usoro ma ọ bụ yiri. Mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke usoro ejikọrọ ngwaọrụ enwekwu erughị ala. CCP ji mee ihe iji mmezi nke n'ụzọ ibu, mma arụpụtaghị na arụmọrụ na ore-thermal aak ite-ọku uku (mgbe CPC site pụrụ iche nkesa).

Na Ẹkot na sekit na sekit nke ike edoghi na voltages elu karịa 110 kV capacitance n'ala na-denoted ka capacitors. EP akara ruru ka electric ike n'etiti eduzi nke dị iche iche n'ụzọ na capacitance kpụrụ akpụ site na-adọ-eduzi na n'ala. Ya mere, gbakọọ network ụdịdị nke ime, nnyefe akara kwa, kpatara ebe mains capacitor Njirimara eji.

Ọzọ nke ebe nke ngwa

Ọzọkwa, okwu nwere ike nuru site na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọrụ. Mere capacitors ha? On electric locomotives na data na ngwaọrụ na-eji na-belata eletriki arcing kọntaktị tent, na-ewepụ ndị pulsating DC mmepụta si rectifiers na usu choppers, na-emepụta na-ọgbọ nke a symmetric sinusoidal voltaji eji ike electric Motors.

Otú ọ dị, okwu a bụ mgbe o kwere omume na-anụ n'ọnụ na-amu amu redio. Mere capacitors ya? Redio nke ha were na-eme ka elu ugboro akpa ebili mmiri, ha bụ akụkụ nke smoothing nzacha, ike onunu, amplifiers, na PCB.

Na uwe ogige nke ọ bụla ụgbọ ala enthusiast nwere ike ịhụ a di na nwunye nke ndị a ngwa. Gịnị mere anyị mkpa capacitors n'ime ụgbọ ala? N'ebe ahụ, ha na-eji ihe ana-akọwa ngwa now usoro maka elu-edu ụda amụba.