Mkpụrụ osisi carbohydrate na-erepụta, ọrụ ya na usoro ndụ

Otu n'ime usoro nchebe nke osisi na umu anumanu sitere na onodu ojoo bu nchikota nri ndi ozo. Mkpụrụ ọrụ dị irè na oge nke ezughị ezu nri nke sitere na mpụga.

Ndụ ndụ na mbara ala anyị nwere ihe carbon, nke kpochara "kemistri" nke ụwa.

"Chemistry" nke osisi

Nghapụta nke ihe ndị a emepụtala ọtụtụ ụdị ihe dị mkpa dị ka protein, carbohydrates na abụba. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ọrụ nke ya.

Ndi na-edozi (peptides, polypeptides) na osisi sel -etolite a zuru ezu mgbagwoju usoro, otu onye n'ime ha - na photosynthetic.

Tinyere nke a, ọ bụ protein nke bụ onye na-ebu ihe ọmụma na nkewa sel.

Ụdị, ma ọ bụ triglycerides - bụ ogige ndị dị na glycerol na monobasic fatty acids. Ọrụ nke abụba na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpebi site na arụmọrụ na ike ọrụ.
Carbohydrates (sugars, saccharides) nwere ụdị carbonyl na hydroxyl. Isi ọrụ nke bekee bụ ike. Na-emepụta nnukwu ọnụọgụ dị iche iche nke carbohydrates dị iche iche, ma nke nwere ike ịmepụta mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri. N'aka nke ya, àgwà e ji mara nke ọ bụla carbohydrate kpebiri ọrụ ya.

Starch bụ nnukwu osisi carbohydrate

Mmiri carbohydrates na-edozi ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ike nke osisi ahụ. Isi ihe echekwa - carbohydrate osisi - bu starch. N'ihi insolubility na mmiri, ọ nwere ike ịchekwa na cell na-enweghị akpaghasị osmotic na chemical nguzozi.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, carbohydrate osisi reserves - stachi - na - enweta hydrolysis na nsị nke sugars soluble (glucose) na mmiri. A na-enweta ihe ndị dị na ya ngwa ngwa ma debe ya site na enzymes na carbon dioxide na mmiri, na-ahapụ ike dị mkpa.

Na-erekwa carbohydrate n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ

E nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ carbohydrates na-eme dị ka nchekwa ike. Ihe nchikota na-abụghị nke ọma - osisi carbohydrate - bụ inulin. Ọ na-agafe na mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ na ụdị soluble. A chọtara nnukwu ego nke onyinye a na osisi dịka Dahlia, Jerusalemichochok, garlic na elecampane. Dị ka a na-achị, ego kachasị dị na tubers na osisi mgbọrọgwụ.

N'ihe usoro hydrolysis ma ọ bụ gbaa ụka, ihe nkwado nke carbohydrate nke na-enyere aka inye aka kpam kpam na fructose. Tinyere ihe ndị dị na sucrose, bụ ihe dị mfe saccharide.

Akuku carbohydrate kachasị elu bụ osisi starch. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ndị ọzọ carbohydrates, ma e wezụga inulin, nke na-arụ ọrụ ike nchekwa. Ha na-agụnye ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị yiri sugar. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mgbọrọgwụ nke beets, a na-edebe nkwarụ - sucrose (a maara anyị dị ka shuga). N'ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri, a na-echekwa carbohydrate nke osisi na-edozi ahụ dị ka sucrose na fructose. Ụtọ ụtọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ọnụnọ nke data nke mono- ma ọ bụ disaccharide.

Ebe nchekwa nchekwa ndị ọzọ

Dị ka nri edozi nwere ike ime hemicellulose. Enwere nnukwu ihe yiri ya na eriri. Mmiri na-enweghị mmiri. N'okpuru ihe acids na-adịghị ike, a na-ekewa ya n'ime monosaccharides dị mfe. A na-edebe ya na mkpụrụ osisi nke ọtụtụ ọka. Nsogbu nke hemicellulose dị oke elu, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ "ihe nkedo ihe oriri". E ji mee ihe na-eme ma bọtịnụ na ọgwụ. Na usoro germination, mkpụrụ osisi na-esi na enzymes gụchaa mkpụrụ ahụ n'ime swible sugars ma rie site na nri nke embrayo.

Ọdịdị nke carbohydrates ndị nwere ohere bụ ọnọdụ nke lanarị

Usoro nke nhazi na nkwụsị nke carbohydrates na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke usoro mgbagha nke metabolism n'ime osisi ahụ. Carbohydrates, nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nchekwa nchekwa, na-enye nchedo pụọ na ọnọdụ ọjọọ. N'oge germination nke osisi na tubers na-enye nri ndị dị mkpa n'oge mbụ usoro nke mmepe osisi.

Otu mkpụrụ ndụ nke mkpụrụ osisi bụ usoro pụrụ iche. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke "ọrụ" dị na ya dị ka otu nde ụgbọala. Nke a bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya, dịka osisi dum dị obere. Ihe omuma na ezi uche nke okike na nghota ya nile kwesiri inwe obi uto.