Museum "Kronstadt Ebe e wusiri ike" St. Petersburg: nkọwa, nnyocha, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpali eziokwu

Na 1723, site iwu nke Peter m nso St. Petersburg, na Kotlin Island, ebe ewusiri ike e liri ya. Omume ya na mepụtara a agha engineer AP Hannibal (France). Ọ e zubere na ụlọ ga ikere ọtụtụ bastions n'otu nkume ramparts.

obodo Kronstadt

Nke a kpara obodo na-emi odude n'àgwàetiti Kotlin na gburugburu obere agwaetiti nke Gulf nke Finland. Ọ bụ naanị obodo ndị Kronstadt district nke St. Petersburg. Obodo bi bụ karịa iri anọ na puku atọ bi.

N'ihi na a ogologo oge (ruo 1995) obodo ahụ emechi. Na 1996, na Government nke mba ahụ, e kpebiri na free ntinye ebe a Russian ụmụ amaala nakwa dị ka mba ọzọ ọbịa. Site n'ụzọ, ndị njem nleta n'anya ileta ebe a. N'ezie, nke a obere obodo nwere ọtụtụ ebe nkiri - ụka na Cathedrals, ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ihe ọkpụkpụ, ncheta ndị a ma ama.

M ga-asị na ọ bụ obodo nke ụlọ arụsị - bụghị naanị ebe a na-efe ofufe, ha ẹkekpemede nke bara oké uru ihe onwunwe ndị metụtara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian nsoro. Ọtụtụ ndị njem na-dọọrọ mmasị obodo ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. Ha na-n'onwe ya na nkuzi mgbamejije nke gara aga ụbọchị. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama nke ha na mba anyị - na Museum "Krondshtadskaya e wusiri ike." On ya anyị ga-agwa ndị ọzọ taa.

Kronstadt wusiri ike akụkọ ihe mere eme

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1724 Admiral P. I. Sivers ada ọrụ na-ewu nke e wusiri ike. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke isii bastions na-aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke nnwogha, Butyrskaya, Semenov, Ingrian, Marine na Lefortovo regiments e wuru. Ala maka embankments, nke e rụrụ ọrụ owuwu na-adịdebeghị mmiri amịpụtara aka. Anyị rụrụ n'elu isi ọnụ ọgụgụ e wusiri ike na-arụ ọrụ. mgbidi, enịm egbe e wuru, na ụlọ elu wuru n'ogige ndị agha, wdg Na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ebe e wusiri ike e zubere ka kwem abụọ bastions, na n'ebe ugwu - .. anọ.

N'okpuru Peter m, a plan e emejuputa atumatu, na Peter II ka mfe ebe ewusiri ike. Na 1732, a siri ike ifufe ebibi ike nke ọdịda anyanwụ. Weghachi mebiri emebi mmewere owuwu nwere ọtụtụ afọ. Construction ọrụ n'ebe ugwu nke ebe e wusiri ike e dechara na 1734-nke. Kronstadt ebe e wusiri ike bụ na mgbe nile ọgụ readiness n'ihi na nke mgbe niile iyi egwu jụrụ site na Swedes. War na France na 1805 na 1806 nke Turkey kwuru mkpa iji ike mgbidi. E mere nke a iji na-Kronstadt ebe e wusiri ike nwere ike idi ihe na-emeghe ire ọkụ.

Mgbe mmeri French na 1812, mgbe ahụ malitere a udo ndụ. Otú ọ dị, mgbe nile onslaught nke ndị ọcha mere ka mgbe nile imelite osisi e wusiri ike na-echebe bụ obí eze. Kronstadt na 1824 e doro ihe e na-agbawa obi idei mmiri. The pụta bụ oké njọ mmebi nke egbe agha e bibiri wusiri ike, saa ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ.

Kronstadt wusiri ike e weghachiri ihe karịa afọ isii. Ọ kpamkpam wughachi nsu. Abụọ n'ogige na mmasị nkume polubashnyami pụtara na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Atọ ọzọ polubashni (otu-ogbo) e guzobere na n'ebe ugwu. Ebe a na-anọ nzere n'ogige onwem. N'akuku Iru-anyanwu, e wuru otu nnukwu ebe e wusiri ike mgbidi na ụrọ ékpè. Ná mmalite nke XIX narị afọ agha gụnyere ihe karịrị iri na asaa na puku ndị agha, na a mụbara puku iri atọ na oche mgbe nwughari n'ogige Fund.

Castle taa

Na afọ nke kasị egwu agha na akụkọ ụmụ mmadụ na Kronstadt were ya mmalite a ụzọ na-ejikọ ndị nọchigide Leningrad na mba. Taa, foduru nke e wusiri ike nke na oge a na-ọma chebere. Taa Kronstadt ebe e wusiri ike mgbidi ha ebe-amụ akwụkwọ nke Navy (nzere n'ogige), na Marine Cadet agha. The ike nke n'ogige na-dị Navy ọrụ. Echebe dam, batrị Mba 1-7, polubashni №1-3, №1-5 nzere n'ogige bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta na-echebe site na steeti.

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Ná mmalite nke October 1953 exposition ewepụtara ndị mere kpara obodo e meghere na ndabere nke-amụ ka Club. Obere Museum. Ná mmalite nke 1973 ọ ghọrọ a alaka nke Central Maritime Museum nke obodo. Part nke ya ikpughe mgbe ọkụ na Sea Club e nwa oge kwagara ụlọ nke Naval Katidral. Ọ ga-kwuru na ihe ngosi dọtara oké mmasị bi na ndị ọbịa. Museum "Kronstadt Ebe e wusiri ike" (St. Petersburg) meghere ibo ụzọ ya ka ọha na eze na May 1980, na Iv nke Victory Day. Taa ọ bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu na kasị gara nkiri.

St. Petersburg. Museum "Kronstadt ebe e wusiri ike": nkọwa

Mbụ niile, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na a pụrụ iche ngosi nka e kere na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ekere òkè nke amaala bi nke obodo. Ha gosiri ihe dị ịtụnanya mmasị ịnọgide na-enwe na perpetuating akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Kronstadt. Obodo nyere ochie ihe n'ụlọ, akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ, foto, na-na ezinụlọ-edebe ihe ochie ka oké ọnụ ochie.

Taa, Museum "Kronstadt Ebe e wusiri ike" St. Petersburg nwere a pụrụ iche collection enweta ego, na ihe karịrị puku asaa gosiri anyị. Ọ mejupụtara asaa ụlọ na a ngụkọta nke ebe nke fọrọ nke nta na narị isii square mita, nke nwere ngosi ndị na-egosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ahụ na nke Baltic Fleet. Ke adianade do, e nwere abụọ dioramas, nke n'ụzọ ziri nnọọ ezi ihe atụ nke abụọ kasị mkpa agha ihe.

Dioramas

Otu n'ime ha na-agwa nke mmeri nke Swedish agha ke 1705 n'àgwàetiti Kotlin. Ke n'etiti ị pụrụ ịhụ regimental ọchịagha nke Russian agha: Gamontova na Mikeshina na Colonel Tolbukhina. Iji nri bụ a dọrọ ya, ma ya ekubie ume agha na ọbara. Na ndabere a hụrụ ọbara ọbara ọkọlọtọ, bụ nke na-egosi mmalite nke agha ahụ. The abụọ diorama na-ezo aka ihe ndị mere 1941, mgbe Kronstadt heroically gbachiteere si mwakpo.

ikpughe

The dum collection of ngosi nka nwere ike kewara n'ime anọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nkebi. Otu n'ime ha na-agwa akụkọ nke na ntọala nke obodo ahụ na adị tupu October mgbanwe. Akụkụ nke abụọ na-agwa banyere ihe ndị metụtara oge site 1917 na 1939. N'oge a, e nwere otu n'ime ndị kasị nupụrụ isi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia, bụ nke mere n'okpuru slogan "Ike na Soviet, bụghị ọzọ." N'ihi ya, ntaramahụhụ ahụhụ bụghị nanị ndị nnupụisi ahụ ma na-fọrọ nke nta niile ndị bi n'obodo. About abụọ na puku abụọ ndị gbara. Isii ọzọ nke ọtụtụ puku ndị bi na e ikpe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Na 1922, ndị bi malitere forcibly chụpụrụ ala ha ala. Na ebe nchekwa nke niile ndị ahụ tara nke a ọdachi kere a uka ili, nke bụ mgbe niile ebighị ebi ire ọkụ Burns.

Ọbịa nwere ike mgbe inyocha ndị na-esonụ akụkọ ihe mere eme oge, ekpuchi ikekwe kasị njọ mgbe oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị - Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. N'oge shelling nke German Air Force Luftwaffe (1941), obodo ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka bibiri n'ala. Ha na-abami ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri, tụrụ bọmbụ ụlọ, bibiri Marine Yard. Gbara ya gburugburu agha Nazi obodo biri enweghị nri. Site Kronstadt n'oge agha enye ada "Obere ụzọ ndụ", nke jikọtara ya na nkịta ọhịa imi na Orienbaumom.

Ọzọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ogbo egosiputa dịkọrọ ndụ nke kpara obodo, nakwa dị ka akụkọ nke mgbake ya mgbe agha. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị oké ọnụ ahịa iberibe na ngosi nka ga-kwuru-eje obi Decembrist na onye dere Di Zavalishin, a na ibe akwụkwọ nke ịwa ọwa mmiri na e chekwara si XIX narị afọ, teliskop bụ Admiral M. P. Lazarevu, a pụrụ iche foto album naval n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Kronstadt.

Taa, ihe ngosi nka nwere ihe na-akpali ngosi "History of Ụgbọ Okpukpu." Ebe i nwere ike ịchọta ihe ndị na a zụlitere na Ụgbọ Okpukpu n'oge dị iche iche na Gulf.

na-akpali eziokwu

N'etiti ulo-agha nke Kronstadt m-ogbunigwe ọnọdụ ya e wuru na 1854 (naanị otu n'oge na ụwa). Dịkọrọ ndụ chetara na site n'iru ha, ọ egwu ndị na-iro ụgbọ mmiri. Ulo-agha na 1990 na-gụnyere ke St. Petersburg World Heritage Site. Na ókèala nke Fort Alexander m na Constantine na nineties m malitere ememme "Fort Dance", nke e kere 9 afọ.

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Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekpebi ileta ngosi nka "Kronstadt ebe e wusiri ike", ọ dị mkpa ịmata na adreesị: Anchor ebe, ụlọ nọmba 2. Ebe a na St. Petersburg (the "Old Village" Metro ebe) ga-ewe gị ka na-adọrọ mmasị nke ụgbọ ala nọmba 101. Site na "Black River", i nwere ike iji taxi nọmba 405, ma si "olileanya nke ndị Enlightenment" ị dovezot njem ọha na eze n'okpuru nọmba 407. ke ndaeyo ngosi nka nwere ike ruru ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-abịa site Baltic Railway ojii. Ị kwesịrị itinye "Oranienbaum" ebe, mgbe ahụ a ugbo ma ọ bụ a meteor, nke departs si Makarov mkpọda.