Na-akwọ ụgbọala engine mmanụ ụgbọala usoro si A na Z. Scheme mmanụ ụgbọala usoro nke a dizel engine na a mmanụ ụgbọala engine

Mmanụ ụgbọala usoro - ihe dị oké mkpa mmewere nke ọ bụla oge a ụgbọ ala. Na ọ na-enye onye ahụ nke na mmanụ ụgbọala na engine cylinders. Ya mere, na mmanụ ụgbọala na-ewere otu nke isi mmiri nke dum igwe imewe. Na taa isiokwu esereese nke mmanụ ụgbọala usoro a ga-atụle, ya Ọdịdị na ọrụ.

oru

Isi ọrụ nke a unit bụ ezitekwara esịtidem combustion engine a ụfọdụ ego nke mmanụ ụgbọala. Na mbụ ya n'ihu agabiga ọtụtụ ọcha nzọụkwụ na nri na a pressurized cylinder.

ọnụ ngwaọrụ

Oddly ezu, ma atụmatụ nke dizel engine mmanụ ụgbọala usoro dị yiri nnọọ petrol ogbo. The naanị ihe dị iche n'etiti ha idu ke ọgwụ usoro. Ma ndị ọzọ na mgbe e mesịrị, ma n'ihi na ugbu a, ka anya na imewe nke saịtị.

N'ihi ya, mmanụ ụgbọala usoro atụmatụ presupposes ịdị adị nke na-esonụ imewe ọcha:

• The gas tank. Nke a mmewere nwere ike arụpụtara si mpempe akwụkwọ nchara ma ọ bụ site na a nnọọ oké polypropylene. Na njem ụgbọala na anya-ụzọ mmanụ ụgbọala tank na-n'ịnyịnya na ala. Na ibu ugbo ala, akpan akpan traktọ, ọ A kpọgidere pụrụ iche na-akwado n'etiti n'azụ na n'ihu axle (ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri). The mmanụ ụgbọala tank nwere a valvụ egbochi mmanụ ụgbọala outflow rollover nke ụgbọala.
• Dịanyā okpu. A ihe nwere a pụrụ iche na eri, nke na-enyere ikuku uzo mmiri na ya echikwapụ. Ma na-akwọ ọ bụ adaba ihighari okpu na ya nwere ihe pụrụ iche ratchet. Ọzọkwa a mmewere nwere a nchekwa valvụ nke, mgbe ụgbọala abanyekwa a mberede okporo ụzọ inyeaka mgbali n'ime tank. Itunanya bu na, na oge a na igwe na ọkọlọtọ exhausts "Euro-2" na ndị ọzọ ingress nke manu Alụlụụ ka ikuku na ekwegh. Ya mere, weghara ha na usoro arụnyere a pụrụ iche carbon adsorber.
• Mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta. Nke a mmewere nwere ihe ọkụ mbanye na-emi odude n'ime tank. Mgbapụta a na-achịkwa kọmputa akara unit. Na nzaghachi nkọwa nyere site a pụrụ iche ọsọ agba anọ. Mgbe onye na-akwọ amama ke mgbanye ON, ọ na-arụ ọrụ a ụfọdụ oge (ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 4-5 sekọnd), si otú na-enye chọrọ mgbali na usoro na-amalite engine. Ọzọkwa uru arịba ama bụ na mgbapụta a mma mmanụ ụgbọala. Ya mere, na-arụ ọrụ na ihe efu tank nwere ike imebi ya.
• Mmanụ iyo. Ọtụtụ mgbe, na ụgbọala na-onwem na abụọ na ụdị data ọcha. Nke a usoro nke ezi na ntụ combustible. The strainer na-ndokwasa na mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta ụlọ. Ihe kachasi mkpa nke ọrụ ya idu ke echiche nke contaminants na ike tinye engine na-etolite ngafe soot. Ọzọkwa, serviceable nyo budata mma ọrụ ndụ, na-egbochi ya ugboro ugboro ofufe. ezi ihicha usoro a na-emi odude na ala nke a n'ahụ, nke chere ihu n'azụ ụgbọala nkwusioru. Nke a na ụdị iyo dabeere a akwụkwọ mmewere nke bụ ike jide unyi ahụ, tar na sedimenti, nke nwere ike imebi a mmanụ ụgbọala usoro.

Mmetụta mmanụ ụgbọala larịị

Ọ bụ nsogbu na mgbapụta modul. Site imewe, na mmanụ ụgbọala dị larịị mmetụta bụ a obere usoro esịnede a n'elu mmiri na agbanwe na-eguzogide kọntaktị usoro na naịlọn. Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọdịnaya na mmanụ ụgbọala tank, ndị na-eguzogide mmewere mgbanwe, nke fixes agịga na ngwá panel na ụlọ. Ọ ga-kwuru na mmanụ ụgbọala ihe mmetụta na-adịghị na-emetụtawo site ogbenye mma nke manu nwekwara na ghara imebi mgbe Ugboro okpomọkụ mgbanwe na nsogbu n'ime tank.

limes

Nke a mmewere mejupụtara anọ nozzles, ọ bụla nke nwere a ọnụ ara nyere. The ramp arụnyere na oriri manifold, na-arụ ọrụ nke mmanụ ụgbọala ọkọnọ bụla cylinder.

nozzles

Nke a zuru ezu bụ nke otu dị mkpa maka a ụgbọ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-adabere na ala nke àgwà nke combustion nke manu-air ngwakọta, na ike oriri nke ụgbọala. The nozulu bụ a obere usoro na a solenoid valvụ. Ikpeazụ-achịkwa site ECU. Mgbe akara unit nyere iwu na ike ọkọnọ na asọfe nozulu, mechiri emechi bọl valvụ emepe na mmanụ ụgbọala aga site na a nozulu efere nebulizers. Itunanya bu na, na efere nwere oghere na-eji ịgbanwe mmanụ ụgbọala oriri. Mmanụ a na-agbara ndi mmadu n'ime nozulu ọwa nke ọtụtụ mmiri valves. N'ihi ya, ọ anwụ na-amịrị tupu abanye combustion ụlọ.

The ụdị nke manu nnyefe usoro

Ka ụbọchị, ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọtụtụ ụdị nke manu usoro, nke na-eji mmanụ dizel na mmanụ ụgbọala engines. Karịsịa, mmanụ ụgbọala esịtidem combustion engine mmanụ ụgbọala tụkwasị usoro bụ n'ihu kewara abụọ na ụdị na-ike a carburetor ma ọ bụ injector. Ma ụdị nwere ha iche dị na imewe na ọrụ.

carburetor Atụmatụ

Isi ihe dị iche nke usoro ihe a si mmanụ ụgbọala injector bụ nke ahụkebe smeseobrazovatelya. Aha ya - carburetor. Nke a bụ ebe e nwere na njikere nke mmanụ ụgbọala-air ngwakọta. Nịm carburetor na oriri manifold. Iji ọ bụ eriju afọ mmanụ ụgbọala nke a na-agbasara n'ọdịnihu site n'aka jets na mixes na ikuku. The okokụre ngwakọta nri n'ime manifold site na trotul valvụ. Ọnọdụ ndị nke ikpeazụ na-adabere na larịị nke engine ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ya revolutions. Na mberede, ndị mmanụ ụgbọala tụkwasị usoro esereese nke a mmanụ ụgbọala engine e gosiri na foto n'okpuru:

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na N'ezie nke nkwadebe na combustion mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ electronic sensọ. Of otu dị mkpa maka ụgbọala na-anọchi anya trotul ọnọdụ mmetụta na crankshaft revolutions.

Rịba ama na-na mmanụ ụgbọala usoro circuit (UAZ "ogbe" gụnyere) na kabureto ụdị dị iche ala nsogbu larịị, nke a na-guzobere ntụtụ mmanụ ụgbọala. The otu ọkọnọ mmanụ ụgbọala na engine cylinders a rụrụ site ike ndọda, i.e. site ẹsụhọde nsogbu na combustion ulo na ntughari nke pistin na BDC.

Atụmatụ nke injector

Scheme mmanụ ụgbọala usoro ( "Mercedes E200" gụnyere) ọgwụ ụdị nwere a isi dị iche si analọg carburetor:

• Akpa, mmanụ ụgbọala tank ọ na-ọnọ na ramp, nke na-ejikọrọ na ịgba nozulu.
• Nke abụọ, na ikuku na engine combustion ulo na-enye anyị site a pụrụ iche trotul ngwaọrụ.
• Nke atọ, na ọkwa nke mgbali N'ịbụ mgbapụta na usoro, mgbe ụfọdụ karịa na-emepụta carburetor usoro. Nke a na onu na-kọwara nke mkpa iji hụ na ngwa ngwa fuel injection nozulu n'ime combustion ụlọ.

Ma, ọ bụghị nanị na nke a bụ dị iche iche si carburetor fuel injection usoro. "Chevrolet Niva" (esereese nke ya mmanụ ụgbọala kpọmkwem na foto n'okpuru), nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ nke oge ụgbọala, nwere na ya mkpofu a na-akpọ "electronic ụbụrụ", ya bụ ECU. Ikpeazụ maka obon na nhazi ọmụma si nile dị na sensọ n'ime ụgbọ ala.

Ya mere, ECU nwekwara akara mmanụ ụgbọala ogwu ogbugba. Dabere na mode nke ngwá electronic na-ekpebi ihe ụdị ngwakọta ga-nri n'ime cylinder - ogbenye ma ọ bụ ọgaranya. Ma, ọ bụghị nanị na nke a esereese iche mmanụ ụgbọala usoro ( "Ford n'ụzọ» CDi gụnyere) ọgwụ ụdị. Ọ nwere ike a dị iche iche ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nozzles. Nke a ga-atụle n'isiokwu na-ngalaba.

Scheme fuel injection na injection ụgbọala

Iji ụbọchị, e nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị ọgwụ usoro:

• Monovpryskovye.
• Na multiple ogwu ogbugba.

Ke akpa idaha, na mmanụ ụgbọala ọkọnọ nile cylinders na-rụrụ iji otu nozulu. Mgbe a na isi monovpryskovye usoro na-na o siri ike na-eji oge a ugbo ala, nwere ike ghara kwuru banyere ụgbọala na-ekesa ogwu ogbugba. Njirimara ndị dị otú injectors bụ na nke ọ bụla cylinder ka ya, onye nozulu. A echichi esereese bụ nnọọ pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, ma n'ihi na ọ na-eji site na niile n'oge a automakers.

Olee otú ndị injector?

Ụkpụrụ nke usoro ihe a dị nnọọ mfe. Mmanụ a tank site a mgbapụta nri ka okporo ígwè (e nwere mgbe mmanụ ụgbọala na elu nsogbu). Next ọ na-aga na-injector, site na nke a na-agbasara n'ime combustion ụlọ. Ọ ga-kwuru na ọgwụ adịghị adịgide adịgide, na na ụfọdụ etiti oge. N'otu oge ahụ na ọkọnọ nke manu na ikuku na-abanye na usoro. Ozugbo mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta guzobere mere na a na-hà, ọ abatakwa combustion ụlọ. Usoro maka akwadebe a ngwakọta nke injectors ọtụtụ ugboro ngwa ngwa karịa mmanụ ụgbọala engines. Ọzọkwa mara na-arụ ọrụ nke spraying nozzles akara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ sensọ. Naanị na ha egosi na kọmputa akara unit nyere iwu na mmanụ ụgbọala ogwu ogbugba. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na mmanụ ụgbọala injection-ụdị circuit usoro bụ dị iche iche si carburetor. Nke mbụ, e nwere ndị dị iche iche nozzles nke na-arụ fuel injection n'ime combustion ụlọ. Na n'ihu, dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala ụgbọala, na a icheku ọkụ nkwụnye tụgharịa na combustion okirikiri a rụrụ, nke na-ahụ ihe n'ime pistin ọrịa strok.

Na-akwọ ụgbọala usoro nke a dizel engine mmanụ

Dizel engine mmanụ ụgbọala tụkwasị usoro nwere ya e ji mara. Firstly, na mmanụ ụgbọala ọkọnọ na combustion ulo a rụrụ oké nrụgide nozulu. N'ezie, n'ihi na nke a na ignites ngwakọta na cylinders. N'otu injection engines ngwakọta e ìhè site a icheku ọkụ kere ihe ji plọg. Nke abuo, na nsogbu n'ime usoro Nleta a mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta (elu-mgbali mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta).

Nke ahụ bụ, na mmanụ ụgbọala usoro circuit (MAZ KamAZov na gụnyere) dị otú ahụ na ozugbo abụọ naos eji maka ogwu ogbugba. Otu ala nsogbu, nke abụọ - elu. Mmalite (na-akpọ priming) na-enye ndị mmanụ ụgbọala si tank na nke abụọ mmanụ ụgbọala ọkọnọ na-na abuana ke injector.

N'okpuru ebe a bụ esereese nke mmanụ ụgbọala usoro (KamAz 5320):

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ọ na-eji a otutu ihe ọcha karịa mmanụ ụgbọala ụgbọala. Site n'ụzọ, na nsụgharị ụfọdụ nke KAMAZ engines Ọzọkwa arụnyere a turbocharger. Nke ikpeazụ na-eburu ndị na-ọrụ nke mbenata iyuzucha umu anwuru na n'otu oge ahụ enwekwu ndị ngụkọta ikike nke esịtidem combustion engine. Ndị dị otú ahụ a atụmatụ nke mmanụ ụgbọala usoro (KamAz 5320-5410) na-enye ohere agbara mmanụ ụgbọala na a elu nsogbu. Na nke a, na ngụkọta mmanụ ụgbọala oriri na-anọgide na otu larịị.

algọridim

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke dizel usoro, nwere ọtụtụ mgbagwoju, n'adịghị ka injector. Scheme mmanụ ụgbọala usoro ( "Ford n'ụzọ» TDI) dị otú ahụ na mmanụ ụgbọala iji ndepụta mgbapụta agabiga ezi iyo na nri na-agbanye mgbapụta. E nwere ya n'okpuru elu nsogbu abatakwa injector emi odude ke cylinder isi. N'oge kwesịrị, na-usoro na meghere, na mgbe ahụ na agbasara mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta emee n'ime-ulo, nke valvụ na-ọnọ via a iche iche tupu ọcha ikuku. Ngafe òkè nke mmanụ dizel injection mgbapụta na nozulu laghachiri azụ na tank (ma ọ bụghị site na nyo, na iche iche ọwa - akpa reflux). N'ihi ya, mmanụ ụgbọala usoro esereese nke a dizel engine bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya na-achọ ihe nkenke na nkwadebe a combustible ngwakọta. Ntem, dị engines mmezi-akwụ ụgwọ dị elu karịa maka idozi ogwu ogbugba.

ọgwụgwụ

Ya mere, anyị chọpụta ihe ya anya ka esereese nke mmanụ ụgbọala usoro nke dizel engine na mmanụ ụgbọala. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na data ọnụ ngwaọrụ adịghị si dị iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, ma e wezụga n'ihi ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ihe atụmatụ nke mmanụ ụgbọala usoro, oge nkwadebe nke mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta na oge a ụgbọala bụ nnọọ obere. Ya mere, ihe niile usoro ga-arụ ọrụ reliably na were were dị ka o kwere omume, n'ihi na nwetụrụ glitch na ha arụmọrụ nwere ike ime ka mkpumkpu ọkụ nke mmanụ ụgbọala na malfunction nke esịtidem combustion engine.