N'àgwàetiti Hogland. The agwaetiti nke Gulf nke Finland

Gulf of Finland na St. Petersburg, n'agbanyeghị eyi mgbochi na ọbụna "oyi" nwere otutu ịtụnanya ebe, jupụtara na eke mara mma na-enweghị atụ nke ihe mere eme. Otu nke jewels - Hogland - Agwaetiti kasị ukwuu na Leningrad mpaghara. Onye ọ bụla nke gara Hogland, na-ekwu okwu nke ya dị ka a n'ala ebube na pụrụ iche.

etymology

Swedish aha Hogland agwaetiti sụgharịta ka "elu ala." N'ezie, e nwere a dịtụ elu ugwu, oké ọhịa, nkume n'ikpere mmiri, na-ahapụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ekwesị na mmiri. The dum odida obodo bụ ihe e ji mara nke Eastern Fennoscandia. The Finns na-akpọ site na mgbe immemorial n'àgwàetiti Suur-Saari, na translation - na "Great Land."

akụkụ

Hogland Island - ndị kasị ibu Russian mmiri nke Gulf nke Finland. Ọ na-emi odude 10 kilomita n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Russian Maritime ókè na Finland. Ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda na ọ na-agbatị site banyere 11 km, ya ma obosara ya bụ site 1.5 3 km. The dum ebe nke agwaetiti - 20,65 km ^2.

ebe

Yiri n'enweghị onye bi na ibé ala na a ga-adaba adaba na Ya mere otu ihe dị mkpa usoro ọnọdụ. Na nri, na-emi odude 180 kilomita nke St. Petersburg, na Gulf nke Finland na Kronstadt ebe e wusiri ike, a isi Russian ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri (Primorsk, Vysotsk, Vyborg, Ust-Luga). Ekpe - Finland na Estonia.

Àgwàetiti abahade n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ihe omimi na nnu Gulf nke Finland, si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - a-emighị emi ma na ọhụrụ. The obodo na-achịkọta ndị agwaetiti:

• 60ᵒ01 '- 60ᵒ06' s. w.;
• 26ᵒ56 '- 27ᵒ00' na. d.

The kacha nso Finnish obodo nke Kotka emi odude 43 km n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'ebe ndịda nke Estonian n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Gulf bụ banyere 55 km pụọ, na agwaetiti Great Tyuters - South-East, na a anya nke 18.5 km si n'ebe ndịda Cape. The anya na a ogologo akara na Ust-Luga - 85 km.

The agwaetiti nke Gulf nke Finland: Hogland

The enyemaka nke agwaetiti a na-ike-dissected, zuru elevations mbio 108 m n'ebe ugwu (Poheyskorkia ugwu) na 175,7 m n'ebe ndịda (Lounatkorkia ugwu). Ọtụtụ mgbe e nwere nkume ọnụ ọnụ ugwu ruo mita 10 ma ọ bụ karịa, na kacha elu (50-70 m) ha ruru n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mkpọda ugwu na Myakiinpyayallyus Haukkavuori.

Tinyere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ókè-ala-bụ obere coves na ọtụtụ obere àgwàetiti. Shore ukwuu n'ime nkume nkume, na bays - na obere okwute boulders, na na na Bay Suurkyulyanlahti - ọcha aja osimiri. Nke a na-emechi na-adaba adaba n'ihi na ụgbọ mmiri ndị Bay na-emi odude n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ. Ọ na-echebe site ahumachi na ọwa nwere a omimi nke 4.2 m na uzo mmiri, n'ọnụ ụzọ obosara nke 90 m. South n'ọnụ mmiri dị Suurkyulyanlahti ochie Finnish na-eli ozu.

ụlọ nduzi ụgbọ mmiri

N'àgwàetiti e nwere abụọ ísìsì. North Hogland ísìsì, emi odude a ugwu Poheyskorkia wuru n'okpuru Peter Ukwu ahụ na 1723. Southern Hogland e hiwere na 1905 site na iwu nke Nicholas II. Ebe ọ bụ na 2006 ọrụ ojii remote nsuso ụgbọ mmiri, wuru nso South ísìsì. The naanị unyi ụzọ agabiga àgwàetiti ahụ dum, na njikọ abụọ ụlọ.

nkà mmụta sayensị na-eme

Gulf of Finland na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ a pụrụ iche eke laabu, ebe, n'agbanyeghị ifịk mmadụ ọrụ, na ilekota ẹnịm ke akpasarade ụdị. Mgbagwoju obibi njem ndị mmadụ merela Biological Research Institute of St. Petersburg State University maka ọmụmụ nke agwaetiti nke Russian akụkụ nke Gulf nke Finland, gụnyere àgwàetiti nke Hogland, ẹkenịmde kwa afọ si 1991 na 1995 na ụzọ na na kpọmkwem òkè nke Director nke D. V. Osipova.

Mgbe ahụ, ha na-aka iso ke 2003-2004 ke kpuchie nke nkwonkwo oru BiNII na Finnish Environment Institute (TSOSF). Ke 2004 ọmụmụ natara ego nkwado maka Environmental Fund nke Leningrad mpaghara. Geological ngagharị nke agwaetiti ahụ malitere na 2001 na nọgidere na 2003-2004. Anakọta ihe na-akọwa ahịhịa ẹkenịmde na Botanical Institute of Russian Academy nke Sciences na 1994-1998 na 2004-2006. The-akwakọba ihe onwunwe na-ekwe ka eme ka a botanical, Zoological na geological map nke obodo, na soro mgbanwe ọdịdị na ndabere nke mbụ natara data.

The UNESCO ọkọlọtọ

Hogland Island bụghị naanị a eke mma. Na 1826 n'àgwàetiti nke German-Russian-enyocha mbara igwe, director nke Pulkovo Observatory V. Ya. Struve tọrọ ntọala a pụrụ iche item na bụ akụkụ nke oké ọchịchọ ngo gbakọọ size na udi nke Earth. The na-akpọ "Struve Geodetic Arc", ndinyanade mbịne site n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Arctic Ocean na Danube, ghọtara site UNESCO ka a World Heritage Site.

Dị ka aha, abụọ akpọkwa - "mgbe Z» na «Myakipyallyus Paragraf" (aha nke otu aha rock) - na-mere ndokwa na a dịpụrụ adịpụ site n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'ala òkè. Ebe a Victor Ya ekiri akụkụ na azimuths, bụrụhaala na bara uru na mbara igwe data. Nke a na-egosi otú ihe dị mkpa bụ Gulf nke Finland.

Na St. Petersburg kwadoro a ogbako raara nye ihe "Struve Arc". On a pụrụ iche njem e zigara agwaetiti ahụ, nke na-eme atụmatụ ahụ n'ezie ala nke ihe UNESCO. Ka ememe ncheta nke omume mere ihe akụkọ abụọ na mbara igwe-iriba-ama arụnyere. The mbụ - na a ugwu Myakiinpyayallyus. Ọ bụ otu nkume ihe ncheta na aha ahụ e dere "geodetic ihe Myakiinpyayallyus hiwere na 1826, VY Struve. Tupu Ismail 841.657 toise ka Gammerfasta 660130 toise. The mbụ n'ihe nke meridian aak na Russia site na 1816 ruo 1855. ".

Suurkyulyanlahti nso n'ọnụ mmiri, na n'ọhịa, na ndụdụ na-eduga na North ogidi ọkụ, wuru ọzọ ncheta, a na-raara nye n'ihe nke meridian V. Ya. Struve. Nke a na mbara igwe ịrịba ama "Hogland Z» wụnye site ọrụ nke Pulkovo Observatory.

akụkọ ihe mere eme osisi

The agwaetiti nke Gulf nke Finland nke ndị bi na site n'oge immemorial. Mbụ ha mụtara Sami. Nke a na-ìhè site dị nsọ akpọkwa hụrụ n'elu ugwu nta - nkume, okpu, Sadie, "ebe ịchụàjà", resembling ebe ofufe nke Saami nke Kola Peninsula.

Na mbụk abịanụ Hogland bụ akụkụ nke Sweden. The akụkọ na-ekwu na anya nna nna nke bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ na My Chemical Romance na ahịa iwu. Akụkọ ndị a na ndị ezi uche, ebe ọ bụ na agwaetiti dị nso dị mkpa ahia uzo na a nkume odida obodo bụ a magburu onwe ogige eden buccaneers, alụta mmiri si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ime Neva na Novgorod.

N'ihi na Russia agwaetiti laghachi na 1743 mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke a udo nkwekorita na Sweden. Na July 1788 na Hogland bụ a naval agha n'etiti Russian na Swedish fleets, mara dị ka Agha nke Hogland. Ọ biri na mmeri nke Russian nsoro, nke rụpụtara ke Russia ekpokọtara ya nwe nke agwaetiti ahụ.

eli ụgbọ mmiri

Hogland Island emi odude gafee Gulf nke Finland, na obi ya, nso anciently ẹkenịmde a na; oké osimiri ụzọ. A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke submarines na n'elu oké nkume ndị kpatara Ugboro Ụgbọ Okpukpu ụsọ oké osimiri nke Hogland. Na ebe nchekwa nke ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ iji chebe ndị mere ọnwụ Russian atọ masted gara ụgbọ mmiri "America", nke weere ọnọdụ October n'abalị 1856. The ite kwajuru na ndekọ na ígwè na Tallinn, ma otu ugboro na a oké ifufe anya n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri, see a rock na miri dị nso North ísìsì. Na-eli ozu nso obodo Suurkyulya pụrụ ịhụ abụọ ili nke 2 ọrụ na 34 akwọ ụgbọ mmiri si kpuo ụgbọ mmiri e liri "America". Na 1999, nke foduru nke ọzọ aba ime ụgbọ mmiri na-chọtara òtù nke Estonian club "Ichthyander" Maahelli Bay anya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke agwaetiti ahụ.

The ọmụmụ nke radio

N'ezie eluigwe na ala na-ewu ewu agwaetiti me na nkà mmụta sayensị nwere A. S. Popova, mgbe na njedebe nke January 1900 mbụ guzosie nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị wireless teligraf na Finnish n'àgwàetiti Hogland Kutsalo nso Kotka. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ihe mere anwale redio na- abiara ụgbọ mmiri. Agha "General-Admiral Apraksin", na-aga n'ihi na oyi Kronstadt na Liepaja n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, November 13, 1899 kụrụ a submerged nkume anya n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri.

Wepụ ya si n'oké nkume n'okpuru mmalite nke oyi ihu igwe na ngwa guzobere ice ụsọ oké osimiri nke agwaetiti bụ ekwe omume. N'ihi na nzukọ nke Ọrụ nnapụta nwere iru ezigbo nkwurịta okwu na kacha nso mmezi, nke bụ obodo Kotka, na site na ya - ka St. Petersburg. Mgbe ọtụtụ adịghị amị mkpụrụ bụ mgbalị iru mbụ radio njikọ January 24 na Lounatkorkia ugwu (ugbu a na-akpọ ugwu mgbawa Popov) akpatre ọma mbụ radio ozi-ebute site ná. Na ebe nchekwa nke ihe omume a na saịtị nke mbụ transmitter arụnyere stele na a ncheta A. S. Popovu.

XX narị afọ

Ebe ọ bụ na 1917, mgbe Republic of Finland nweela onwe, n'àgwàetiti Hogland gara Finland. E nwere ihe abụọ Finnish obodo nta - Suurkyulya (sụgharịrị dị ka Big Village) na Kiiskinkyulya (Ershov obodo), na a bi na nke dị ka otu puku ndị mmadụ, tumadi aku azu na akara ịchụ nta. N'ihi ya, dị ka, n'àgwàetiti 896 ndị mmadụ biri ndụ dị ka 1929 onuogugu. Siri ntọala nke ụlọ, nkume mgbidi, sụrụ ubi - niile ndị na-egosi na mbụ udo ndụ nke ndị bi n'àgwàetiti nọgidere na saịtị nke mbụ na obodo nta. Mgbe ẹkụre Soviet-Finnish agha nke okwu nke udo nkwekorita (1940) Hogland a kpọfere Soviet Union.

The ịrịba ama ama mere ná agwaetiti n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Na August, 1941 ụgbọ mmiri, na osisi nke nke di gbara ọsọ ndụ - ụmụaka, ụmụ nwaanyị, gbalịrị imebi si nọchibido Tallinn ka Kronstadt, ma e bibiri German ugbo elu. Akwọ ụgbọ mmiri detachment ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru Admiral IG Svetova napụtara karịa 12 puku ndị mmadụ na-na mmiri. N'okpuru uche Admiral, e liri ya na 1983 na n'ikpere mmiri nke n'ọnụ mmiri Suurkyulyanlahti esote ili nke dara agha. On ebe a, e wuru na obelisk.

N'oge Akwa Ịhụ Mba n'Anya Gulf nke Finland ghọrọ idaha Soviet-German see. Kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ndị a lụrụ n'agbata Soviet, Finnish na German agha na Hogland. Ncheta nke dara agha bụ agadi osisi cross enịm na ọdọ Liivalahdenyarvi.

ugbu a ala

Na agha afọ n'àgwàetiti e kere wusiri ike, gbapụ a dị ike Rada agbachitere na nso nso a kagburu. Ugbu a, lee, e nwere nanị a obere ókè post na ndụ igodo ọrụ ọrụ na-eje ozi ụlọ nduzi ụgbọ mmiri, nakwa dị ka ọrụ nke Meteorological ọdụ, na-arụ ọrụ n'àgwàetiti kemgbe etiti afọ XIX narị afọ.

Hogland ndutịm nke Kingisepp District, (na Gulf nke Finland, Leningrad region). Na n'ọnụ mmiri Suurkyulyanlahti emepe njem nleta center. Wuru okpukpu abụọ hotel euroclass ama ọkọbọ njem nleta. N'ihi ya, site na-eche nche agwaetiti na Russian territorial mmiri ókè Hogland nke nta nke nta mbịne n'ime a njem nleta Mecca of Eastern Baltic.