Ngwa nke Terephthalic: Njirimara kemịkal, mmepụta na ngwa

Ndị nnọchianya ndị dị mkpa nke ogige carbonic acho dị iche iche bụ akụkụ phthalic, nke ụfọdụ ndị isomers nọchiri anya - isomer ortho (ozugbo, phthalic acid), meta-isomer (isophthalic) na para-isomer (terephthalic). A na-eji ihe niile dị na otu a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

Ihe na-adịghị ọcha, nke dị ọcha na-egbuke egbuke na-emepụta ihe dị na para-xylene n'ihu sel salọ cobalt. Mkparịta ụka nke ihe a na mmiri dị iche iche na-eduga ná nchịkọta ogige ndị dị na nke ester. Ngwa kachasị dị irè bụ dimethyl terephthalate.

A na-ejikwa ọgwụphthalic acid mee ihe maka njikọ nke polyethylene terephthalate (PET), transperent, polymer na-eguzogide ọgwụ nke mepụtara mmeghachi omume nke ihe a na ethylene glycol. Mgbe ahụ si na ya na-emepụta plastic karama, polyester esiwọrọ terilenovoy Group, mma mara n'okpuru aha "polyester", nakwa dị ka a dịgasị iche iche nke nkwakọ containers maka nri ụlọ ọrụ, electronic components na iche iche na ụdị ngwá.

N'ihe gbasara ihe ndị dị na ya, terephthalic acid yiri monobasic carboxylic ogige. Ọ na kpo oku ma ọ bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke, a na-akpọ dehydrating bekee ngwa ngwa Nleta salts, esters, mgbagwoju molekụla Ọdịdị, anhydrides, amides, dị ka otu ma ọ bụ abụọ carboxyl iche iche. Ọzọkwa, acid terephthalic na-abanye n'ime mmeghachi omume nke esterification, nke a na-esi na ya emepụta ihe ndị dị na mono na nke di-esters. N'elu kpo oku nke crystalline ihe onwunwe ka a okpomọkụ na-erughị abụọ na narị abụọ degrees hụrụ decarboxylation inye ogige nwere a ntakiri nọmba nke carboxyl iche iche. Otú ọ dị, mmeghachi omume nke mgbanwe electrophilic n'ime mgbanaka arụkwaghịm ga-amalite ọnọdụ na nnukwu nsogbu.

Phthalic acid ndammana dị na green ink nke osisi na poppy nkpuru pods. N'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta ya, ihe kachasị mkpa bụ dibutyl- na dimethyl phthalate, nke a na-eji dị ka plasticizers maka ngwaahịa cellulose, polymer polymers na rubbers. Ọzọkwa, dimethyl, diethyl- na dibutyl phthalates bụ ihe dị mkpa nke dị iche iche na-ere ahịa.

Isophthalic acid na ọtụtụ-eji imewe nke unsaturated polyester resins. N'ihi na ndị isophthalates bụ ndị magburu onwe ha. Ma ihe kachasị mee ihe nke òtù benzenepolycarboxylic bụ kaadị terephthalic, nke a na-eji maka njikọ nke ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ dị ka dimethyl terephthalate na polyethylene terephthalate. A na-eji ha emepụta eriri ụgbọala nke usoro dị iche iche, ụdọ, belt ndị na-ebu ihe, ụgbụ azụ, ụgbọ mmiri, ụgbọ mmiri, trawls, peturuolu na ihe ndị na-edozi mmanụ, mkpọchi, ụdọ ígwè na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, ezigbo akwa yarn na nke mmepụta nke umi-eji, na-emepụta eri na, dị iche iche anụ ahụ (crepe, Tweed, satin, wdg), Ákwà ngwaahịa, raincoat, nche anwụ na ejiji ihe, Chiefs, sọks, ụmụaka si uwe Na na na.

N'ikpeazụ, m ga-achọ ịhụ na acids nile nke benzene polycarboxylic usoro dị oke egwu na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu. Ya mere, a na-ejikọta ha na Data Data Data Nchebe, nke na-egosi ihe niile na njirimara nke njikọ a, yana usoro na iwu maka ịrụ ọrụ na ya.