Onye bi na mbara ụwa anyị na-adịkarị jụụ ma dị nro. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eche echiche banyere nkwụsi ike na enweghị ego. Miri anya na-ele ihe anya na ihe ọkà mmụta sayensị Britain bụ Stephen Hawking. "Akụkọ oge" - ya abụọ bestselling enyi na enyi na mfe (na-enweghị formulas), na-ewebata na-agụ na isi ndokwa nke astrophysics na kwantum physics.
Ná mmalite nke akwụkwọ ahụ, mgbe anyị na-agụ banyere Earth dị ka ụlọ elu na-agbanye na nduru (n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya), anyị na-ahụ na njedebe ya foto dị iche: otu nnukwu bọmbụ na-agagharị gburugburu axis na ọsọ ọsọ nke 1,500 km / h na orbiting Sun Na ọsọ nke 100,000 km / h. Ihe niile a na - arụpụta na ntanarị, enweghị ohere na oge!
Akwụkwọ nke 1. "Akụkọ Nkọwa Naanị nke Oge"
N'afọ 1988, e bipụtara Akụkọ Nkọwa Oge. Stiven Hoking, na-ede akwụkwọ, na-ewebata a dịgasị iche iche nke na-agụ akwụkwọ na echiche nke oge a astrophysics n'eluigwe na ala. O jisiri ike ime ka ndi mmadu chee echiche, ka ha nwee mmasị na ha.
Oge dị adị? Kedu usoro usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ebu ụwa? Ndi oge gara aga na ihe ndi ozo ga - abia? Nke nta nke nta, atọ ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ akụkụ ụfọdụ nke akwụkwọ ọ na-ede: ná mmalite - ihe astrophysical echiche iji Einstein na ozizi, na mgbe - na akara na generalization nke Einstein ahụ n'ozuzu Ozizi, na n'ikpeazụ - na-microscopic Ozizi - ya bụ, kwantum arụzi.
Nke nta nke nta, akwụkwọ ya "The Shortest History of Time" na-eme ka njedebe ya dị elu. Otú ọ dị, Stephen Hawking na-eguzobe ụdị ewu ewu, nke dị mkpa maka nghọta site n'aka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ. A na-enye ha nkọwa doro anya nke ihe ndị dị iche iche maka ndụ anyị: ebe a na-ahụkarị mbara igwe, njupụta nke ìhè nke ìhè, mbara igwe na-agbasawanye. Echiche nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ nke mbụ, ma n'otu oge - nghọta. Ọ na - eduga anyị n'ikpeazụ na eluigwe na ụwa dị adị ma na - agbanwe dịka ụkpụrụ nke oge (ntụziaka nke mmepe nke na - eme ka mmụba na - abawanye ụba).
Akwụkwọ nke 2. "Akụkọ kachasị mkpirikpi oge"
N'afọ 2005, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dere akwụkwọ ọhụrụ - "Akụkọ kachasị mkpirikpi oge". Stephen Hawking n'ime akwụkwọ a na-akpali akpali ma na-akpali akpali na-ekwukwa banyere "usoro nke eluigwe na ala."
Nke a ọ bụ ihe na-enweghị atụ? Ee e! E kwuwerị, n'ụzọ nkịtị n'ehihie, n'afọ 2004, onye dere ya gbanwere mgbanwe na astrophysics, na-agbanwe ụkpụrụ nke ozizi bụ isi nke "oghere ojii" (kpakpando ndị na-adịghị egbuke egbuke, nke a jikọtara ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu). Ya mere, ihe nlereanya nke ụwa nke ọkà mmụta sayensị gosipụtara agbanwewokwa. N'isi na o setịpụrụ, tụnyere gara aga isi nke akwụkwọ - the Big Bang, nwa oghere, nakwa dị ka mmalite nke eluigwe na ala. A na-egosipụta usoro nke oghere ojii na ụzọ ọzọ site na "Akụkọ kachasị mkpirikpi oge". (Stiven Hoking mgbakọ na mwepụ arụmarụ gosiri na ihe omume mmiri nke a oghere ojii - a ukwuu wider na ya nwere entropy, nke na-egosipụta na radieshon.) Ihe na-abụghị nanị webatara echiche nke gara aga akwụkwọ, ma na-ukwuu mma ozizi nke si malite nke eluigwe na ala, ohere na oge mmekọrịta. N'ebe a, mmadụ nwere ike ịchọta nchịkọta nke nyocha nke sayensị site na iji satellite COBE na Hubble Space Telescope. Ọ bụ ihe kwere nghọta igosipụta "eriri zoro ezo", bụ nke a na-ewere na ọ bara uru n'ozuzu ya: ịkọ ihe niile elementrị n'otu oge. N'okwu a na-enwerịrị nghọta, a na-egosipụta nkwubi okwu ikpeazụ nke nyochaa mgbakọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ (ụkpụrụ nke okpukpu abụọ).
Mkpebi
Ònye ka ọ bụ - Stephen Hawking? Prọfesọ nke Astrophysics, nna nke ụmụ atọ. Ozizi nke nwa oghere bụ a itunanya ke kwantum physics. Pundits dị oke egwu weere ya "ọnụ ọgụgụ" na mpaghara a. Stephen Hawking anọwokwa na-emechi ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ. Igwe sclerosis nke amyotrophis na-aga n'ihu n'ihu. Na mgbakwunye, n'ihi mgbagha mgbe ọnwụrụ nke ngụgụ, a na-ewepụ akụkụ nke traktị ya, nke na-eme ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ghara ikwu okwu. Ọ na-aga Cambridge na oche oche na batrị. Ụbụrụ ya dị ike. Na mwute sensọ na iji kọmputa, a prọfesọ nke inweta nkebi ahịrịokwu na dara mgbe wuru n'ime a oche okwu synthesizer. N'oge ndụ ya niile, ndị a bụ echiche ndị na - enweghị ike ịhụ na ndị ọzọ, mana kọmputa na - akọwa ya, okwu ha na - egbukepụ egbukepụ bụ akwụkwọ bụ "The Shortest History of Time". Stephen Hawking bụ otu n'ime ndị a kacha asọpụrụ na Britain. Karịa, ọ bụ nke atọ, mgbe onye mmeri ụwa nọ na wolf Wilkinson na Beckham na-egwu egwuregwu. Obi ike na ọgụgụ isi nke onye a na-akpali mmasị.