Nikolai Shchors - dike nke Civil War: A Biography

Ọ dịwo mara na a mgbanwe ka romance. Dị elu ideals, ụkpụrụ omume ọma, na-agbalịsi ike ime ka ụwa a mma ma ndị ọzọ dị nnọọ - napụta ndị dị otú ahụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ ike na n'ezie mmekwata Idealist. N'otu aka ahụ, a nwoke ahụ bụ Nikolai Shchors - nwa a ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọrụ, uweojii nke eze Uhie, ndị agha Army ọchịagha. Ọ dịrị ndụ nanị afọ 24, ma wee n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke dị nnọọ na-alụ maka nri na-ebi a obi ụtọ ma na-agaziri ala.

Ndị nne na nna ụlọ

A obere osisi ụlọ, onye gbabaworo n'okpuru kanopi nke a nnukwu-esetị maple. Ọ e wuru na 1894 site Aleksandr Nikolaevich Schors. Na search of ndụ ka mma, ọ kwagara n'otu obere obodo Snovsk Ogidi na Minsk region 19-afọ ụmụ nwoke. Ọ e debara aha n'ime alaeze ukwu agha, ma mgbe ọrụ ọ laghachiri n'obodo ya vending obodo. E na-eche ya Alexander - otu n'ime ndị ezinụlọ Tabelchukov ndị inyom Alexander ịgbaziri agbaziri a ụlọ. N'akụkụ ha di na nwunye zụtara ala na wuru a ụlọ na ya. June 6, nwa mbụ ha mụrụ, aha ya bụ mgbe nna nna ya, - Nikolay Shchors. Ọ bụ n'afọ 1895.

Ya na Nna ya na-arụ ọrụ na ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Akpa, a ọrụ, na-arụ ụgbọ, na-agbanyụ ọkụ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ nnyemaaka engineer, na na 1904 gafere udomo oro maka ọkwọ ụgbọala - na Libava-Romny ụgbọ okporo ígwè enye ebịn a shunting locomotive. Site n'oge a, ulo pụtara ọbụna ụmụ anọ. Otú malitere ndụ ya nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu dike nke Civil War Schors.

nwata

Life na ezinụlọ ọ bụla dị ịrịba ama na-eguzo. Ya na Nna ya na-arụ ọrụ, na nne-ya bu a ọrụ ụlọ na n'ịzụ ụmụaka. Nicholas adịghị enye ya a mfịna. Nwa ahụ bụ nkọ na bụghị na a ezi uche afọ. M mụtara ịgụ ihe na ide ihe na afọ isii, mgbe afọ asatọ malitere ịga ọmụmụ na onye nkụzi Anna Vladimirovna Gorobtsovoy - ọ na-akwado ụmụ banye ụgbọ okporo parish akwụkwọ. Na 1905 ọ malitere ịmụrụ Schors. Ya biography apụghị ịbụ dị iche iche - a akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ maka ihe ọmụma na nwa okoro ahụ pụrụ iche.

A afọ mgbe e mesịrị ezinụlọ ahụhụ a na-eru uju - nne ya nwụrụ. Ọ bụ ọrịa na-arịa ụkwara nta ma nwụọ na Belarus, ebe ileta ikwu. Ụmụ ise, a nnukwu ugbo, na-arụ ọrụ na ụgbọ okporo ígwè. The ụlọ nwere a nwaanyị - mere kpebiri Senior Schors. Nikolay Aleksandrovich mesịrị cheta na ya onye nnochi anya nne, na mbụ, o were a ọjọọ n'ikuku. Ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mmekọrịta ha ga-mma. Karịsịa na nwunye ọhụrụ nke nna-ya, aha-ya bu Mary K., mụrụ ụmụ ise na-abịa afọ. The ezinụlọ na-eto, na Nick nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ. School ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1909 na a creditable akwụkwọ ozi na nke ukwuu chọrọ ịnọgide ha ọzụzụ.

Admission agha akwụkwọ

Ma nna ya ọzọ atụmatụ. Ọ na-ele anya na nwa ya nwoke na-aga na-arụ ọrụ na ga-enyere ezinụlọ. Iji ghọta ihe ndị na-eme ka akụkọ ndụ Shchorsa, were ya nnukwu akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ maka ihe ọmụma. Ọ bụ ike nke na n'ikpeazụ nna nyere. The mgbalị mbụ bụ kụrụ afọ n'ala. N'elu mbanye akwụkwọ ahụ Nikolaev oké osimiri Kohl fọdụrụ ịtụtụkọ n'otu isi ihe.

The dara mbà n'obi kwuo nke nwa okorobịa ahụ lọghachiri n'ụlọ - ugbu a ọ dị njikere ịga ọrụ na ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ebusa. Ma na mberede nna guzogidere. Site n'oge a, na a ọma akwụkwọ ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, na nwanne Constantine. Alexander me ya ndị ikom abụọ ma were ha na-eje ije na Kiev agha akwụkwọ ahụ. N'oge a ihe niile gara nke ọma - ụmụnne abụọ gafere n'ọnụ ụzọ ule. Pụta ìhè na ụmụ nke otu ruble, obi ụtọ na nna hapụrụ Snovsk. N'ihi na oge mbụ Nikolai Shchors eruwo n'ebe dị anya. Malitere a ọhụrụ na-adọ nke ndụ ya.

Officer nke alaeze ukwu agha

Usoro ọmụmụ a agha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ekwe, ma ha nwere oké mmetụta e guzobere uma nke ọdịnihu nke kpara nkewa ọchịagha nke Red Army. N'afọ 1914, na otu nke nkeji guzo nso Vilnius, abịa a gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Kiev agha akwụkwọ Schors. Nikolay Aleksandrovich malitere ije ozi dị ka a keobere paramedic. N'oge na-adịghị sotere iwebata nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu Agha Ụwa Mbụ, na nke atọ ìhè ogbunigwe battalion, nke na-eje ozi dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Schors, zigara n'ihu. Nicholas rụrụ unan na-enye mbụ enyemaka. Na otu agha paramedic ya onwe ya merụkwara ya ahụ ma dara na ụlọ ọgwụ bed.

Mgbe mgbake ya na-aga Vilnius agha akwụkwọ, nke e kpọpụrụ na Poltava. Ọ nlezianya shtudiruet agha sayensị - si eme, ọdịdị ala, miri dọrọ-arụ ọrụ. Na May 1916 na a idobere ndi agha, nke e quartered na Simbirsk rutere Ensign Schors. Biography n'ọdịnihu nkewa ọchịagha n'oge a nke ndụ na-eme ka a nkọ n'aka. A ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị, ọ e zigara na 335th ndi agha 85 bipu Division. N'agha na South-Western Front, Nikolay Aleksandrovich n'ihu e-akwalite abụọ onyeisi. Otú ọ dị, edozibeghị miri dọrọ ndụ na a ọjọọ si n'aka ruo n'aka mere ọrụ ha - na tubercular usoro malitere na-eto eto na mara. Fọrọ nke nta ka ọnwa isii mgbe e mesịrị, ọ na-emeso ke Simferopol. Na December 1917, demobilized si agha, ọ laghachiri n'obodo ya nwaafo Snovsk. Ya mere biri oge nke ọrụ ke alaeze ukwu agha.

The mmalite nke amamihe na-alụ

N'oge ndị siri ike laghachi Nikolai Shchors n'ala nna ha. Ọ bụ ifịk mgba maka ike n'etiti dị iche iche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ. Civil fratricidal agha okpon ke Ukrainian nile, na-alọta si n'ihu, ndị agha kwadoro na ndị dị iche iche agha dị iche iche. Na February 1918, Central Rada bịanyere aka a udo nkwekorita na Germany na Austria. N'ihi na a na nkwonkwo, na mgba na Soviet na ókèala nke mba banyere German agha.

Nikolay ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha họọrọ ime ihe ọzọ ọ dị n'ihu mgbe o zutere na Bolsheviks na ghọtara na ihe omume nke ha Party. Ya mere, na Snovsk ọ ngwa ngwa ike njikọ na Kọmunist na nzuzo. On ntuziaka nke party Nikolay cell e zigara ka Novozybkov district, n'ime obodo Semenovka. Ebe ọ bụ na-etolite a partisan unit na-alụ ọgụ na German agha. Dike nagide ọma na mbụ ọrụ ọrụ. O kere a na nkwonkwo detachment ẹkewetde nke 350-400 alụso zụrụ azụ na-edu agha arụmọrụ ke ebe na Zlynka Klintsov, duziri obi kara okpuru raids na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Gomel - Bryansk. Ọ we guzo na isi nke a na-eto eto Red Army ọchịagha Schors. Biography nke Nikolai Alexandrovich ebe ọ bụ na oge e jikọtara ya na-alụ maka oruru na ókèala nke Ukraine nke Soviet ike.

ichighaazu

Arụ Ọrụ okpuru agha na-amanye ndị German agha na-agba arọ weere, na German iwu kpebiri gwụsịa ya adị. Na-arọ ọgụ ndị agha okpuru lanahụrụ si encirclement na agbahapụ obodo nke Unecha ebe, nke e odude na ókèala nke Russia. Ebe a na unit e disarmed na disbanded - ka kenyere iwu.

M shchors onwe ya gara Moscow. Ọ chọrọ ịmụta na chọrọ gaa akwụkwọ ahụ. Revolutinary maelstrom agha vetiran nso nso gbanwere agbanwe atụmatụ. Na July 1918, First Congress nke Bolshevik Ukraine, sochiri - e kere eke nke Party Central Committee na Revolutinary Committee, onye ọrụ e kere eke nke ọhụrụ agha nkeji nke ndị agha okpuru iche iche nke alụso - Nicholas alaghachikwuru Unecha. Ọ jụrụ na-etolite na isi a ndi agha nke bi na agha Dnieper okpuru otu. Na September, na ndi agha aha mgbe Ivana Boguna - nwụrụ na Chernihiv otu Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Ebe nchekwa nke ụbọchị ndị ahụ n'ihu n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na Unecha guzo Shchors ncheta - onye nke-ntà ọchịagha nke Red Army.

M na-aga n'ụsọ detachment

Bogunskiy ndi agha guru na ya n'ohu 1,500 agha na bụ onye òtù nke Mbụ Division nke nnupụisi. Ozugbo e guzobere Red Army malitere ime forays n'ime n'azụ nke German agha. Na ọgụ, ha nwetara agha ahụmahụ na inweta ngwá agha. Mgbe e mesịrị Nikolai Shchors bụ ọchịagha nke brigeedi, nke gụnyere abụọ regiments - Bogunskiy na Tarashchansky.

October 23, 1918 malitere a isi na-akpasu iwe, na ebumnuche nke nke bụ zuru ezu Ịchụpụ si n'ókèala Ukraine site German agha. Ndị agha tọhapụrụ Klintsy, Starodub, Glukhov, Shostka. Ke mbubreyo November, na ndi agha sonyeere Tarashchansky Snovsk. Ịka Red Army ngwa ngwa nwere niile ọhụrụ obodo. Na January 1919, ọ e weere Chernihiv na Kozelets Nizhyn. The mgbaru ọsọ kasịnụ nke na-akpasu iwe bụ ntọhapụ nke Kiev. Brigade ọchịagha mgbe nile na-ebute ụzọ. Ndị agha na-akwanyere ùgwù ya maka ya onwe ya obi ike ma na-elekọta àgwà ndị agha. Ọ dịghị mgbe zoro n'azụ agha na adịghị na azụ. Dere na 1936, "Song banyere Shchors" fọrọ nke nta n'usoro ichikota na-echeta ndị agha banyere ọchịagha ha.

Kiev commandant

Mgbe obibia Kiev n'ụzọ nke Red Army guzo ude nke Petlyura agha. Schors kpebiri ozugbo iso agha abua na shelves, na Bogunskiy Tarashchansky, awakpo ọnọdụ numerically elu iro. February 1, 1919 Petlyura agha, e meriri na Shchors Brigade tọhapụ obodo Brovary. Kiev e weere mgbe 4 ụbọchị, Shchorsa họpụtara commandant nke Ukraine isi obodo. N'ihi na ukwu ya onyinye meriri nke onye iro agha na ihe onwe onye obi ike na ọ e ọdịda elu ọnụ ọlaedo ogwe aka. Na 1954, perpetuating ebe nchekwa nke na ndị dike oge na isi obodo nke Ukraine ga-a ncheta Shchors.

Respite n'etiti agha, adịteghị. Brigade ọzọ banyere n'ime ọgụ ma tọhapụ Zhitomir na Berdichev. Na March 19 Schors ghọrọ onyeisi ndị mbụ Ukrainian Soviet nkewa. Petliurists ahụhụ otu mmeri mgbe ọzọ. The Red Army tọhapụ Vinnitsa na Zhmerinka, Shepetovka na Rivne. Division replenished site Isonye si obodo, ma na n'Ịlụ Agha isi kọrọ. Na ụzọ nke Schorsa agha akwụkwọ e guzobere, nke e zitere na-amụ 300 onye kasị nwee ahụmahụ nke Red Army, na-enwe n'ihu-akara ahụmahụ.

The egbu bullet

Na June 1919, Revolutinary Military Council hazigharịrị Ukrainian n'ihu. Shchorsa nkewa ghọrọ akụkụ nke 12th Army. Behind njikọ ọ ododu bukwanu ọgụ ahụmahụ na ebube mmeri. O siri ike iche n'echiche na iwu a nkewa ọchịagha, onye dị naanị afọ 24. Schors n'ezie nwere a dị ịrịba ama agha talent. Ma, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka a mere njikọ tinye n'ihu megide ya ka elu-agha nke onye-iro.

N'okpuru nrụgide nke a numerically elu iro schorsovtsy gbaghachi azụ na Korosten district. August 30 nkewa ọchịagha N. A. Schors, ya osote onye I. N. Dubovoy na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị commissar Tanhil Tanhilevich uru Bogunskiy nkewa, nke nwere a ọnọdụ nso obodo Beloshitsa. N'ịbụ na n'ihu akara nke na-azara ọnụ, Nikolai Shchors unan ke ibuot. I. N. Dubovoy nye ya a bandeeji, ma 15 nkeji mgbe e mesịrị agha nwụrụ. Aru-ya zigara Klintsy, na mgbe ahụ ka Samara, ebe e liri ya. N'ihi ya biri ndụ nke onye nke ọdụdụ nwa, kasị nwee nkà ndị ọchịagha nke Civil War.

The iju akụkọ

Na 1949, mgbe reburial wee ebe NA Shchorsa bịara doo anya na mbụ amaghị nkọwa. Na-egbu egbu bullet e chụọ n'ọrụ si a handgun ba azụ nke isi-adịghị atụ ụjọ nkewa ọchịagha. Ọ na-enyo na Schors gburu ndị aka mmadụ, bụ ndị nọ n'azụ ya na nso nso. E nwere nsụgharị dị iche iche nke - ọnwụ n'aka nke "Trotskyists" na ọbụna ọbọ Bolsheviks-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị na-ewu ewu ọchịagha na ndị agha.

Aha N. A. Schorsa E chefubeghị, na ya ịkpa na-nadigh anwu anwu ọtụtụ ncheta, n'okporo ámá aha na obodo. The ndị mmadụ ka na-ada ụda "Song banyere Shchors" - obi ike na egosi achọghị ọdịmma onwe onye ruo mgbe oge ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya kwere na-ekwe omume nke ewu a dị nnọọ na-eme ihe n'eziokwu ọchịchị.