"Nnukwu ugboala" GAZ-AA. History, nkọwa, atụmatụ

GAZ-AA, "nnukwu ugboala", kpara igwe tupu-agha na oge agha, rụrụ na Gorky Automobile Plant na 1932. The prototype nlereanya dabeere na ihe American ụgbọala, "Ford AA" na 1930, bụ nke e zụrụ si Soviet Union site Ikikere nkwekọrịta. Ya mere a "nnukwu ugboala" GAZ-AA, nke kemgbe modernized ọtụtụ ugboro. Car imewe dị mfe na a pụrụ ịdabere. N'oge ahụ, ndị Soviet ụgbọ ala na ụlọ ọrụ bụ na-amalite amalite na dịtụ ọnụ ikike maka ụgbọala mmepụta anọwo nnọọ na-enye aka.

Ekwe omume nke Gorky osisi na okwu nke oru ngwá ndị dị elu, otú mmepụta kpebiri-agba ọsọ na gas. Characteristically, na ugbo ala arụpụtara site American ikike, ngwa ngwa kpaliri iji hụ na anụ ụlọ mmiri. Ọ dị nnọọ mfe ịzụlite a unit n'ala karịa ịtụ ya esenidụt na-eche ọnwa maka onunu. N'ihi ya, nzukọ usoro, "nnukwu ugboala" aghọwo a technologically elu ekele mgbalị nke Soviet injinia.

modernization

"Nnukwu ugboala" GAZ-AA wee n'ime mmepụta ke January 1932, na nzukọ ụlọ ahịa Gorki ụgbọ ala ozugbo gosiri a elu nke ntọhapụ nke ụgbọala. The ụbọchị nwetara n'ebe ebu 60 ụgbọala, na ka na-anọgide nwere osooso. The Soviet version si dị iche na American nlereanya, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke parameters. Kama tin e guzobere nkedo crankcase ipigide mesikwuru ịghasa n'iru usoro na carburetor ikuku nyo arụnyere. Isi otu ugboro ọzọ e, on-osisi nhọrọ e mere maka ụlọ drawings. Mgbe e mesịrị, Soviet emepụta mepụtara a pụrụ iche dump nhọrọ "nnukwu ugboala", nke a na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site eziokwu na ahụ na-enweghị aka ịkụghasị. Ibu jiri nwayọọ n'okpuru ya ibu na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche gbakọọ ahụ ala. Ọ bụ iji na-emeghe tailgate.

Chassis

n'azụ nkwusioru imewe "nnukwu ugboala" bụ mbụ na-adịghị ahụkebe. Ọkara elliptic iyi dị na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche, n'ihu nke n'azụ axle osisi rụzie ka ha amortization menjuobi edinam ewe agwa. Site na nke a Ọdịdị, n'azụ nkwusioru ghọrọ ihe ndị ọzọ kọmpat na manufacturable tụnyere zuru elliptic iyi. Ma nke a imewe bụ onye drawback - mgbe braking nkanka na iyi adia multiple ibu ma na-ada ada. Stepladders adagharị na spring akwukwo amalite ime ikwu na longitudinal axis.

osisi ụlọ

Kpam kpam site na akụkụ nke Soviet mmepụta nke "nnukwu ugboala" GAZ-AA zutere ebe ọ bụ na 1933. Cabs mbụ ụgbọ ala nke osisi, na ebe ọ bụ na 1934 na a igwe arụnyere a metal modul na a kwaaji ụlọ.

Tech ụgbọala GAZ-AA E wuru na etiti-ụdị Chassis, akwukwo-spring nkwusioru. The zuru ezu enweghị ujo absorbers mere na-agba ọsọ nke igwe-ejighị n'aka na ihe siri ike. Otú ọ dị, ụgbọala ọma rụrụ ihe aga-eme na njem nke cargoes na scrap obere. Motors "GAS-AA" dị iche iche ruggedness na elu maintainability. Ha nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ndị kasị ala-ọkwa mmanụ ala ngwaahịa, ala-octane mmanụ ụgbọala na manu oku, ọbụna na-ekpo ọkụ oge.

-adịghị emezi emezi

The ike na-ekweghị ebe "nnukwu ugboala" bụ Starter na batrị. Ndụ ha sonso ruru ọkara otu afọ, mgbe ahụ unit nke usoro, na batrị nwere na-rụziri. Abụkarị ụgbọala emerụ elu ahụ.

Ọzọ dị ịrịba ama nsogbu na ime ihe nke GAZ-AA kemgbe nnukwu ụkọ taya. O ruru n'ókè nke na a n'azụ axle nke ụgbọ ala ama onwem na ụkwụ anọ bụ, dị ka e liri na paspọtụ, ma naanị abụọ, n'ihi ihe ike nke igwe da.

Ma, "nnukwu ugboala" bụ ndị kasị oke Soviet ụgbọ ala na prewar na agha afọ. GAZ-AA E jikwa maka gbanwetụrụ development - ha ambulances, dị iche iche na tankị, ìhè na now echichi, idozi mobile "na-efe efe detachment", mgbochi gas, ịdị ọcha na idebe avtolaboratorii, redio na radio n'oge ịdọ aka ná ntị, odori ojii na Air na ọkụ malite nkeji.

update

Na 1938, na "nnukwu ugboala" GAZ-AA nwetara ọhụrụ engine GAZ-MM ike nke 50 lita. s., nke ruo mgbe ahụ e debere na a ụgbọ ala "Molotovets-1" n'okpuru designation GAZ-M1. Na mgbakwunye na kwalite engine "nnukwu ugboala" e onwem na mma n'iru na driveshaft na agịga biarin. Chassis bụ a spring enweghị ujo absorbers.

Ebe ọ bụ na "nnukwu ugboala" - ụgbọ ala tech, na ya ntọhapụ na-guzobere na a obere oge, nlereanya aghọwo oké mkpa na Soviet aku na uba. N'oge ahụ, ụgbọala na-ebu ikike n'ime 1.5 tọn e weere nnọọ ezu. Mgbe oge owuwe ihe ubi na ubi achụpụ ọtụtụ narị ụgbọala na ngwa ngwa, nara maka owuwe ihe ubi nhazi wee laghachi ha moto iga. Car "nnukwu ugboala" e weere a vasatail ụgbọala. Ọ bụ a na-enweghị nsogbu na ala-na-na-arụzi.

Car "nnukwu ugboala", oru nkọwa

Okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na ígwè ọrụ: perednemotornaya, RWD.

Akụkụ ya na ibu ibu kwa:

• Vehicle ogologo - 5335 mm;
• elu - 1870 mm;
• obosara - 2030 mm;
• ala nwechapụ, nwechapụ - 200 mm;
• wheelbase - 3340 mm;
• Ịkwụsị ibu - 1750 mm.

ike osisi

Ọ nwere ndị na-esonụ e ji mara:

• Engine ika - "GAZ-A ';
• ụdị - petrol;
• nhazi - anọ na-cylinder, na-akara;
• arụ ọrụ olu - 3285 CC / cm;
• kacha ike - 40 lita. p.;
• torque - 1200 rev / min na 165 nm;
• cylinder n'obosara - 98,43 mm;
• mkpakọ ruru - 4,22;
• MKpọnwụ - 87 mm;
• Jụrụ usoro - mmiri;
• cylinder isi - ígwè;
• cylinder ngọngọ - ígwè;
• nọmba nke cycles - 4;
• ọsọ kacha - 70 km / h;

Nnyefe - ntuziaka, anọ-ọsọ gearbox.

"Nnukwu ugboala" - igwe eluigwe na ala

E wezụga na-emebu na-osisi ụgbọ ala GAZ emepụta tipper mgbanwe GAS-C1. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke a igwe dị nnọọ ọhụrụ. The ibu ke idem ibido positioned nke mere na ya uka na-enwe na azụ n'akụkụ, nke na-akpọchi site a dị mfe na-akwụsị. Loader na onye na-akwọ emepe mkpọchi, na ewu ihe owuwu uka n'okpuru ya ibu falling si. Mgbe efu, ahụ na-ọzọ emechi na mkpọchi.

"Road of Life"

On òkè nke GAZ-AA ( "nnukwu ugboala") na agha nke 1941-1945 dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ma ndị kasị mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme na-aga na nke ama awat kpara ụgbọ ala bụ "ụzọ ndụ", tọrọ na ice nke Lake Ladoga. Nke a bụ nanị ụzọ na-ejikọ ndị nọchigide Leningrad na n'èzí ụwa.

Ice ike rue naanị ìhè GAZ-AA. Military "nnukwu ugboala" na ụba nnukwu ọkụ jiri nwayọọ na-aga n'ebe dị anya n'okpuru ọkụ si German ogbunigwe, na-anapụta nri na nọchibido obodo. Ọtụtụ ụgbọala wee n'okpuru ice, ma ka obodo ahụ na-azọpụta, ọ bụghị dịghị ekele nraranye nke kpara "nnukwu ugboala".

Mgbe mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Gorky Automobile Plant malitere na mmepụta nke gwongworo ndị agha na a mfe ụdị. Ọ tara ahụhụ si na oyi na-atụ-akpọrepu metal ụkọ, na enweghị a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri. The agha "nnukwu ugboala" enweghị ụzọ - kama arụnyere kwaaji meziri, n'ihu nku arụpụtara si ot roofing ígwè. The brek nanị na n'azụ wiil, kpuchie ụzọ otu ọkụ ihu. The n'akụkụ mgbidi nke ahụ ahụ na-adịghị nọdụ ala rie.

Ọgwụgwụ nke mmepụta

Naanị na 1944, ụgbọala were a nkịtị ụdị, e nwere ọnụ ụzọ na osisi, n'ihu brek, nke abụọ headlamp na akụkụ flaps. Mgbe agha, "nnukwu ugboala" re-emepụta nnukwu quantities, n'ihi na mba dị mkpa njem. GAZ-AA mmepụta n'ihu wee rue 1956. Na n'okporo ụzọ, ndị a ụgbọala nwere ike hụrụ ruo mbụ 1960 mgbe okenye igwe adịghị dochie GAZ-51.