Of amino acid residues nke na-wuru molekul?

Nke amino acid residues nke protein ụmụ irighiri na-wuru. Dị otú ahụ Polymers ndị dị elu molekụla eke ihe. Ọ na-emi esịnede nke chemical ọcha dị ka carbon, e nwere hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen ugbu a. The nucleic asịd nwere site, na dị ka akụkụ nke ọtụtụ na-edozi nwere sọlfọ ahụ.

bughi atụmatụ

Ebe ọ bụ na amino acid residues nke molekul na-wuru nke protein ụmụ irighiri ihe, ha nwere a elu ikwu molekụla uka. Ha na-akpọ makropolimerami. Dị ka ihe atụ nke ala molekụla ibu ogige gụnyere alcohols, carboxylic asịd, nucleotides, monosaccharides, amino asịd.

macromolecules

Ọ na-wuru nke amino acid residues nke molekul na-edozi mkpa maka mkpa ọrụ nke ndu eme ntule. On nkezi, ya ikwu molekụla uka na-anọchi anya ke nso site na a puku ole na ole ka a nde. Na ụmụ irighiri nke protein ogige, nucleic asịd, polysaccharides ẹkekerede a ụfọdụ ego nke ugboro nkeji.

Monomers akpọ mfe ụmụ irighiri ihe na bụ ihe ndabere maka guzobere polima ụmụ irighiri. Nke ụmụ irighiri na-wuru si amino asịd? Azịza nke ajụjụ a bụ maara ọ bụla n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu. Monomer ha bụ amino asịd. N'ihi polysaccharides mkpa monosaccharides, na nucleotides ndị dị mkpa maka ndị na-ewu nucleic asịd.

Pụtara nke biopolymers

N'ihi ya, amino acid residues na-wuru protein ụmụ irighiri ihe na-eme multiple ọrụ. Ọ ga-kwuru na-ewu ha ọrụ. Ọ-enye gị ohere iru protein ụmụ irighiri na-kpọmkwem otu onye dị ndụ organism. Ke adianade do, protein ụmụ irighiri - a bụ isi iyi nke ike, na ya mere ndi na-edozi na-agụnye kwa nri. Na mkpụrụ ndụ dị iche iche na ichekwa organic ogige. Ka ihe atụ, n'ihi na ụmụ anụmanụ ji predominance nke lipids na-edozi ahụ na osisi na - a zuru ezu ego nke carbohydrates.

Nke amino acid residues nke anụmanụ protein ụmụ irighiri na-wuru. Dị otú ahụ "brik" nke bụ amphoteric chemical ogige mere ndokwa na na protein molekul na a ụfọdụ usoro. Ugbu e nwere ihe ọmụma banyere ịdị adị nke abụọ na narị abụọ amino asịd, ma nke e guzobere ndammana na-ewere ọnọdụ na-edozi eji naanị iri abụọ n'ime ha. Ha na-akpọ protein na-akpụ. Ka ihe atụ, na-edozi nwere ike wuru interlaces nke alanine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, valine, methionine, glutamine, threonine. On ajụjụ nke amino acid residues nke na-wuru molekul, ụmụ akwụkwọ na-enye ihe atụ nke anụmanụ protein.

Atụmatụ nke chemical Ọdịdị

The amino asịd nke bụ ike nke na-akpụ a macromolecule, ihe amino ìgwè na a carboxyl otu o sie otu carbon atọm. Ọ bụ nke a mma-agwakọta n'elu nọmba. The amino acid residues dị iche na ndị mejupụtara nke buu. O nwere ike ịbụ hydrophilic ma ọ bụ hydrophobic, pola ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị pola, nke na-enye kpọmkwem Njirimara nke amino asịd.

Otutu nke amino asịd ike nke na-akpụ proteinaceous molekul nwere otu carboxyl otu (ya mejupụtara e nwere hydroxyl na carbonyl) amino otu na otu, ya mere ha na-ewere dị ka na-anọpụ iche ụmụ irighiri.

E nwere isi amino asịd na-enwe ọtụtụ amino iche iche, nakwa dị ka acidic amino asịd, nke na-emi esịnede ụfọdụ nke carboxyl iche iche. Ka ihe atụ, sọlfọ atọm na molekul bụ cysteine.

njikọ nhọrọ

Autotrophic ntule synthesize amino asịd si inorganic nitrogen-nwere bekee na nke ngwaahịa na nke photosynthesis.

Heterotrophic ntule na-eji dị ka isi nri isi nke amino asịd. Dị ka akụkụ nke ahụ mmadụ na-synthesized si amino acid ngwaahịa nke metabolism. Ndị dị otú ahụ ogige na-atụle kennyeghari. Dị ka isi iyi nke dị oké mkpa amino asịd apụghị synthesized na ahụ mmadụ, iji iri ihe ụfọdụ. Gịnị asịd na-akpọ oké mkpa maka a onye? Nke a lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. N'ihi na ahụ nwatakịrị ahụ na e nwere abụọ dị oké mkpa amino asịd: histidine na arginine.

Ebe ọ bụ na amino asịd na-amphoteric ogige, ha na-ji elu reactivity. N'etiti otu amino acid na carboxyl ìgwè nke a abụọ molekul Nleta a chemical nkekọ, a na-akpọ peptide (amide) nkekọ.

Dị ka a n'ihi ihe ndị a chemical mmeghachi omume na-amị a linear peptide Ọdịdị. Otu njedebe nke ọhụrụ compound nwere amino otu, na nke abụọ nwere a free carboxyl otu. Dị otú ahụ Ọdịdị na-enye ohere dipeptide emekọ ọzọ ụmụ irighiri, amino asịd, akpụ polypeptide compound.

ọgwụgwụ

The peptides bụ nke otu dị mkpa maka ndụ ndị mmadụ. Polypeptides na ha mebere atumatu na-toxins, ọgwụ nje, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ homonụ. Polypeptide ígwè nwere ike ekewet puku amino asịd mere ndokwa na a kpọmkwem usoro. Ọ bụrụ na naanị na amino acid residues na-ekewet nke protein macromolecules, ha na-akpọ dị mfe.

Ọ bụrụ na Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein molekul bụghị naanị amino acid mmiri, kamakwa cations ígwè, manganese, zinc, shuga n'ókè, nucleotides, lipids, ke idaha molekul na-akpọ mgbagwoju na-edozi. Dị ka nkịtị mfe protein anọrọ fibrin, ọbara albumins, enzymes.

Mgbagwoju protein ụmụ irighiri chọta-alụso ọrịa ọgụ (immunoglobulins) enzymes. E nwere ihe anọ ụdị nke bughi nzukọ nke protein ụmụ irighiri. Primary Ọdịdị bụ linear usoro nke amino acid residues jikọọ site peptide (amide) agbụ.

Ọ na-ekpebi ndị ọrụ, Njirimara, nakwa dị ka ụdị nke protein. Na ndabere nke bụ isi owuwu ike nsụgharị dị iche iche owuwu. Kwa organism nwere ya pụrụ iche bụ isi Ọdịdị, nke na-emepụta nsogbu ụfọdụ maka njikọ. Ka ihe atụ, nsogbu na nhọrọ nke na-emepụta ọgwụ mmadụ n'ihi na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ.