Ohm iwu maka mechiri emechi circuit

Onye ọ bụla nke họọrọ ka mgbidi ma na mmezi nke eletriki nrụnye m ọpụrụiche, maara nke ọma na nkwupụta nke ndị nkụzi: "Ohm iwu maka mechiri emechi circuit mkpa ka ị mara. Ọbụna aza elu n'abalị, ọ dị mkpa na-enwe ike ichepụta ya. N'ihi na ọ bụ ihe ndabere nke ihe niile ọkụ eletrik. " N'eziokwu, mgbe nile chọpụtara pụtara ìhè German physics Georgom Simonom Ohm, mmetụta ụdi mmepe nke sayensị nke na ọkụ eletrik.

Na 1826 afọ, na-eduzi nwere na-amụ Itie eletrik site na-eduzi, Ohm kpughere a kpọmkwem mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike ugbu a ọnọ sekit ike ọkọnọ voltaji (ọ bụ ezie na nke a ọzọ ziri ezi na-ekwu okwu nke electromotive ike EMF) na ndị na-eguzogide ya na-eduzi ya. Aṅụrụma e chepụtara dị ka a pụta Ohm iwu maka a mechiri emechi circuit. Otu ihe dị mkpa atụmatụ: mkpa nke kwuru na ọ bụ iwu dị mkpa bụ nti na na-anọghị nke na mpụga na-enye nsogbu ike. Ndị ọzọ okwu, ma ọ bụrụ na ihe atụ, onye na-eduzi bụ na ihe nwetụ ndọta, kpọmkwem ngwa nke Nwa-agaghị ekwe omume.

Ohm iwu maka mechiri emechi circuit e kwuru n'ọmụmụ ihe ahụ nke mfe atụmatụ: a ike isi iyi (enwe emf) nke ya abụọ ọnụ na resistor bụ eduzi, bụ nke a na-eduzi ije nke elementrị ahụ ihe-ndebe-ebu. N'ihi ya, na nke ugbu a bụ a ruru nke electromotive ike ngụkọta eguzogide nke circuit:

M = E / R,

ebe E - na electromotive ike nke na ike esenyịn, tụrụ na volts; M - ugbu a, na amperes; R - electric resistor, na ohms. Rịba ama na Ohm iwu maka a mechiri emechi circuit elebara niile mmiri nke R. Na mgbawa mezue mechiri emechi circuit site resistor R aghọta ego resistivity eduzi (r), na ike isi iyi (r0). Nke ahụ bụ:

M = E / (R + r + r0).

Ọ bụrụ na esịtidem eguzogide isi iyi r0 ukwuu karịa nchikota R + r, nke ugbu a adịghị adabere na àgwà nke ejikọrọ ibu. Ndị ọzọ okwu, isi iyi voltaji na nke a bụ a ugbu a isi iyi. Ọ bụrụ na uru nke r0 dị obere karịa R + r, nke ugbu a bụ inversely proportional ka ngụkọta mpụga-eguzogide, na ike isi iyi site na a voltaji.

Mgbe n'ịrụ ezi mgbawa n'ime akaụntụ ọbụna voltaji ọnwụ na nkwonkwo. An electromotive ike kpebisiri ike site ji atụ ndị nwere ihe dị iche gafee ike ọnụ na ná mgbagwoju ibu (oghe circuit).

Ohm iwu maka subcircuit eji dokwara mgbe mechiri emechi akaghị. Ihe dị iche bụ na ngụkọta oge na-adịghị n'ime akaụntụ EMF, kama ọ bụ naanị nwere ihe dị iche. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ibé na-akpọ homogeneous. Na nke a, e nwere a pụrụ iche ikpe, nke na-enye ohere gbakọọ e ji mara nke eletriki circuit na onye ọ bụla nke ya ọcha. Anyị dee ya n'ụdị a usoro:

M = U / R;

ebe U - voltaji ma ọ bụ nwere ihe dị iche na volts. Ọ tụrụ site a voltmeter ejikọrọ ke ukem ka ọnụ nke-eme Nchoputa Banyere nke ọ bụla mmewere (eguzogide). Ihe Na-uru bụ mgbe niile na-erughị EMF.

N'ezie, ọ bụ nke a usoro bụ ndị kasị ama. Ịmara abụọ ọ bụla mmiri nke usoro, i nwere ike ịhụ a atọ. Ngụkọta oge na sekit na sekit na ọcha rụọ ọrụ site n'ọnụ ndị iwu na yinye òkè.

Ohm iwu maka a magnetik circuit bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu yiri nkọwa ya nke electric circuit. Kama a mechiri emechi magnetik circuit eduzi na-eji, isi iyi bụ a eriri igwe asọfe na ugbu a agafe site windings. Ntem, e nwere a magnetik agbanwe oge na-emechi na magnetik circuit. Magnetik agbanwe oge (F), ekesa site a ụzọ ozugbo na-adabere na uru MDS (magnetomotive ike) na-eguzogide nke ihe onwunwe na-agafe magnetik agbanwe oge:

F = F / RM;

ebe F - magnetik agbanwe oge na Weber; F - MDS na amperes (mgbe ụfọdụ Gilbert); RM - eguzogide, na-eme attenuation.