The ojiji nke nuclear ume: nsogbu na atụmanya

The nile iji nuclear ume malitere ekele na nkà mmụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ na-enwe ọganihu bụghị naanị na ndị agha ubi, ma ihe maka udo. Taa, i nwere ike ime na-enweghị ya na ndị ụlọ ọrụ, ike na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

Otú ọ dị, ojiji nke nuclear ume nwere abụghị naanị uru kamakwa ọghọm. Mbụ niile, ọ bụ ihe ize ndụ nke radieshon, ma maka ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

The ojiji nke nuclear ike na-emepe emepe abụọ ntụziaka: n'iji ike na ojiji nke redioaktivu isotopes.

Ná mmalite, nuklia ike ga-eji naanị n'ihi na ndị agha na nzube, na niile mmepe na-aga na nke a.

The ojiji nke nuclear ike maka agha

A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ukwuu n'ọrụ ihe eji maka mmepụta nke ngwá agha nuklia. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, na nuclear warheads nwere ọtụtụ tọn plutonium.

Ngwá agha nuklia na-ahụta ka ngwá agha ọgwụrụ, n'ihi na ọ na-arụpụta mbibi nke ọtụtụ ebe.

Okirikiri nke edinam na-elekọta ike nke ngwá agha nuklia na-ekewa:

• Kenkwucha.
• Arụmọrụ na kenkwucha.
• Strategic.

Ngwá agha nuklia na-ekewa n'ime atọm na hydrogen. Dabere ngwá agha nuklia unguided etinye arọ yinye fission nke nuclei na mmeghachi omume nke anọ na. N'ihi na ihe mkpalite iji uranium ma ọ bụ plutonium.

Nchekwa nke ndị dị otú ahụ buru ibu nke ize ndụ ihe - na nke a bụ a nnukwu ihe iyi egwu umu mmadu. Na ojiji nke nuclear ike maka agha nzube pụrụ ịkpata oké nsogbu.

N'ihi na oge mbụ ngwá agha nuklia na-eji na 1945 maka mmegide na Japanese obodo Hiroshima na Nagasaki. Na nke a pụta agha ndidi kpata ajọ. Dị ka ị maara, nke a bụ mbụ na ikpeazụ ojiji nke nuclear ike na agha.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

IAEA e guzobere na 1957 iji na-akwalite nkwado n'etiti mba abụọ na ubi nke nuclear ike maka udo. Site ná mmalite, ndị gị n'ụlọnga na-na mmejuputa atumatu a usoro on "Nuclear nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi nchebe."

Ma ndị kasị mkpa ọrụ - ya ịchịkwa ná mba ahụ na-eme na nuclear ubi. The nzukọ ga-hụ na mmepe na ojiji nke nuclear ume bụ ihe maka udo naanị.

Ebumnobi nke a usoro - iji hụ na mma ojiji nke nuclear ike, nchebe nke ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi radieshon ikpughe. The gị n'ụlọnga e kwere nkwa ọlụlụ na-amụ na ya pụta nke Chernobyl mberede.

The gị n'ụlọnga na-akwado ndị na-eme nnyocha, mmepe na ngwa nke nuclear ike maka udo na-eme dị ka ihe intermediary na mgbanwe nke ọrụ na ihe n'etiti ndị òtù nke gị n'ụlọnga.

Ọnụ na United Nations IAEA akowa na-esetịpụrụ ụkpụrụ na ubi nke nchekwa na ahụ ike.

nuclear ume

Na nkera nke abụọ nke forties nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị malitere ịzụlite akpa drafts nke udo ojiji nke atọm. Isi na-elekwasị anya nke ndị na-emenụ bụ na ọkụ eletrik.

Na na 1954, ndị Soviet Union wuru mbụ nuclear ike osisi na ụwa. Mgbe nke a ngwa ngwa uto nke nuclear ike omume malitewo na United States, Great Britain, Germany na France. Ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha na e emejuputa atumatu. Dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, nuclear ike osisi ike mpi ndị ụgbọ na-agba ọsọ na coal, gas na mmanụ.

Ma mgbe ntiwapụ nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ike nsogbu na a ịrị elu price mmanụ na nuclear ike ina-eto. Na 70 ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị ọkachamara kweere na ike nke niile nuclear ike osisi ga-enwe ike iji dochie ọkara.

Ke ufọt ufọt 80s uto nke nuclear ike ka kwụsịlata ọzọ, na na malitere inyocha atụmatụ maka owuwu nke ọhụrụ nuklia ike osisi. Ọ na-e-akwalite dị ka a iwu nke ike ịzọpụta na ojuju na mmanụ ahịa na ọdachi na Chernobyl osisi, nke nwere ezighị ezi pụta bụghị naanị n'ihi na Ukraine.

Mgbe niile, mba ụfọdụ na kwụsịrị ndị na-ewu na ime ihe nke nuclear ike osisi.

Nuclear ike maka ohere ọzọ

Na ohere iji ofufe karịa atọ na iri na abuo nuclear ngwa agha, ha na-eji ike.

N'ihi na oge mbụ a nuclear chernobyl eji ohere, ndị America na 1965. The mmanụ ụgbọala mee uranium-235. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka 43 ụbọchị.

Na Soviet Union chernobyl "Daisy" na oru na nke Institute of Atomic Energy. Ya kwesŽrŽ ga-eji na ugboelu na plasma engines. Ma mgbe niile na ọnwụnwa ọ bụghị e ulo oru n'ime ohere.

Next nuclear osisi "Buk" mee ihe Rada nyoputa onyeiro satellite. The mbụ unit na oru na 1970 si Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Taa, "Roskosmos" na "Rosatom" na-enye na-ewu a spaceship, nke ga-onwem na a nuclear rọketi engine na ga-enwe ike inwe na Ọnwa na Mars. Ma otú anya ọ bụ ihe niile na ha amaghị na ogbo.

The ojiji nke nuclear ike na ụlọ ọrụ

Nuclear ike a na-eji dịkwuo uche nke chemical analysis na mmepụta nke amonia, hydrogen na ndị ọzọ ọgwụ, nke na-eji maka mmepụta nke nri.

Nuclear ike, nke na-eji na chemical ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ọhụrụ chemical ọcha, na-enyere iji mepụtaghachi ihe Filiks na-erukwa na Earth jikọrọ ọnụ.

Maka desalination nke nnu na mmiri na nuclear ume. The ojiji na nchara ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ka o kwe omume na-agbake ígwè si ígwè ore. The agba - eji maka mmepụta nke aluminum.

The ojiji nke nuclear ike na agriculture

The ojiji nke nuclear ike na agriculture doziri nhọrọ nsogbu ma na-enyere na-alụso pests.

Nuclear ike na-eji maka ọdịdị mmụba na osisi. Nke a na-eme iji nweta ọhụrụ iche na-eme ka ndị ọzọ mkpụrụ ma ọrịa na-eguzogide ọgwụ ahịhịa. N'ihi ya, ihe karịrị ọkara nke wheat toro na Italy maka mmepụta nke onyinye, e nwetara site mutation.

Ọzọkwa na-enyemaka nke radioisotopes chọpụta ụzọ kasị mma isi nke itinye nri. Ka ihe atụ, na-eji ha na-ekpebi na osikapa cultivation nwere ike belata ngwa nke nitrogen fatịlaịza. Nke a ga-bụghị naanị zọpụta ego, ma na-iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi.

A bit nke a iju ojiji nke nuclear ike - na ọ bụ ikpughe ahụhụ erùrù ahụ. Nke a na-eme iji mee ka ha environmentally friendly. Na nke a, ụmụ ahụhụ pụtara site ụzarị ọkụ larvae enweghị nwa, ma ọ bụghị nnọọ nkịtị.

nuclear na nkà mmụta ọgwụ

Medicine na-eji redioaktivu isotopes mee ezi ihe nchoputa. Medical isotopes nwere obere ọkara ndụ na adịghị ọ bụla n'ihe ize ndụ ndị ọzọ, na onye ọrịa.

Ọzọ ojiji nke nuclear ike na nkà mmụta ọgwụ e meghere na nso nso. Nke a positron emission tomography. Ọ nwere ike na-eji na-ịchọpụta cancer na-amalite amalite.

The ojiji nke nuclear ike na iga

Ná mmalite 50-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, mgbalị ndị e mere iji ike a tank na nuclear-kwadoro. Development malitere na United States, ma oru ngo-a mgbe emejuputa atumatu. Tumadi n'ihi na eziokwu na ndị a na tankị enwebeghị ike na-edozi nsogbu nke echebe ndị oru ugbo.

Mara Ford rụrụ ọrụ ike na ụgbọ ala, nke ga-arụ ọrụ na nuklia ike. Ma na mmepụta layout nke ndị dị otú a igwe na-adịghị arahụ.

Ihe bụ na a nuclear echichi na-ewe otutu ohere, na ụgbọala na-akawanye nnọọ akụkụ. Kọmpat ngwa agha na-adịghị pụtara otú oké ọchịchọ ngo tụgharịa.

Eleghị anya ndị kasị ama iga na-agba na nuclear ike - dị iche iche ụgbọ mmiri, ma agha na obodo nzube:

• Nuclear-kwadoro icebreakers.
• Transport ụgbọ mmiri.
• Ụgbọ elu ebu.
• Submarines.
• Cruisers.
• Nuclear submarines.

Uru na ọghọm nke nuclear ume

Taa, na òkè nke nuclear ume ke uwa ume mmepụta bụ banyere 17 percent. Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ mmadụ na-eji fosil fuels, ma ya mee na-adịghị na-enweghị nsọtụ.

Ya mere, dị ka onye ọzọ, na-eji mmanụ nuklia. Ma usoro maka ya nkwadebe na iji jikọtara a ize ndụ ka ukwuu maka ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

N'ezie, mgbe niile rụọ nuclear ngwa agha, na-niile kwere omume nchebe, ma mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ezughị. Otu ihe atụ bụ ihe mberede na Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi na Fukushima.

On otu aka, ọ dịghị kwesịrị ekwesị na-arụ ọrụ chernobyl ewepụtarịrị dịghị radieshon na gburugburu ebe obibi, ebe thermal ike nke nnukwu ego nke na-emerụ bekee n'ime ikuku.

Ihe kasị dị ize ndụ na-nọrọ mmanụ ụgbọala, ya nhazi na nchekwa. N'ihi na taa bụ mepụtakwara kpamkpam mma mkpofu nuclear n'efu.