Olee otú ịchọta ebe nke a gburugburu

The jiometrị nke gburugburu bụ akụkụ nke ụgbọelu, nke a na-ejedebeghị a gburugburu. The okwu maka a alaka nke mgbakọ na mwepụ, na nkowa ekpe Gris oge akụkọ ihe mere eme Herodotus, na-ewepụtara okwu Grik "geo" - ala na "Metro" - ezu. N'oge ochie, mgbe ọ bụla iju mmiri nke Osimiri Naịl, ndị mmadụ nwere na-re-na-akara na ebe nke ala na ya n'ikperé mmiri. The gbaa nke mechiri emechi usoro bụ otu ihe ahụ, na ihe niile ihe n'elu ya ụgha equidistant si center site a anya a na-akpọ na okirikiri (ya kwekọrọ na ọkara n'obosara nke - akara ejikọta abụọ ihe nke gburugburu na-agafe ya center). Ọ na-kweere na onye na-agụghị Njirimara nke a gburugburu, bụ enwe ike ikpebi ya ogologo ma ọ bụ nwere ike ịza ajụjụ, "olee otú gbakọọ ebe nke a gburugburu?", Amaghị jiometrị. Ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị kasị akpali, ihe ịma aka na-akpali theorems ejikọrọ na gburugburu.

Gbaa atụle "wheel jiometrị." Ya axis bụ mgbe n'elu na nke ya inyefe, na otu anya - nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị isi Njirimara. Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa onwunwe nke gburugburu dabeere n'eziokwu na ebe circumscribed site ya - gburugburu - tụnyere na kacha ebe nke ọzọ shapes, delineated site gbajiri edoghi, na ogologo nke nke bụ hà gbaa. Olee otú ịchọta ebe nke a gburugburu? Mgbe ịza ajụjụ a anyị kwesịrị icheta banyere a mgbakọ na mwepụ mgbe nile: na jiometrị na mgbakọ na mwepụ bụ oké egwu ọgụgụ nke π (Grik akwụkwọ ozi ga-akpọ ka pi), nke na-egosi na gbaa na 3,14159 ugboro ya dayameta: L = π • d = 2 • π • r (d - n'obosara, r - okirikiri). Nke ahụ bụ, a gburugburu na a dayameta nke 1 mita, Ogologo ya ga-aha ka 3,14159 m. Chọọ kpọmkwem uru nke a transcendental nọmba ya nwere ihe na-akpali akụkọ ihe mere eme nke gbara ọsọ yiri na mmepe nke mgbakọ na mwepụ.

The nọmba π a na-eji gbakọọ ebe nke a gburugburu. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọnụ ọgụgụ conventionally ikewa ụzọ atọ: oge ochie oge (geometric), na ndị oge gboo oge na a ọhụrụ oge metụtara na biakwa obibia nke digital kọmputa. Ọbụna ndị Ijipt oge ochie, Babilọn, oge ochie Indian na Grik geometers maara na ruru nke gbaa na dayameta nke a nta ọzọ ogologo 3. Ọ na-a na ihe ọmụma enyerela ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ka oge ochie usoro ebe a gburugburu. Ebe ọ bụ na uru nke nọmba π a maara, ọ bụ omume na-ahụ ebe nke a gburugburu, nọ n'ọnọdụ usoro: S = π • R2, na square nke ya okirikiri r. Ọkà mmụta sayensị n'oge dị iche iche (ma Archimedes, azụ ke 3rd narị afọ BC, na nke a bụ nke mbụ) eji a dịgasị iche iche nke usoro iji chọpụta nọmba pi, na taa na-aga n'ihu ịchọ ụzọ, ọ na-gbakọọ na kọmputa. The nkenke nke na ọ e mere na 2011, ruru iri puku ijeri akara.

Formulas n'igosi otú chọta ebe nke a gburugburu ma ọ bụ otú ahụ a gbaa, mara bụla agadi. Ha na e ji ọtụtụ puku afọ site mathematicians na Calculators, ruru eru dị ka mmasị n'ụzọ ziri ezi karị Kpebisie ike na nọmba π malitere yiri a mgbakọ na mwepụ egwuregwu, na nke taa na-egosi na o na uru nke omume na kọmputa. Ndị Ijipt oge ochie na Archimedes kweere na ọnụ ọgụgụ π bụ site 3 3.160. Arab mathematicians, e gosipụtara na ya bụ hà 3.162. Chinese ọkà mmụta sayensị Chzhan nne okuko na narị afọ nke 2 AD, kwuru, sị uru ≈ 3,1622, na na - na search na-aga n'ihu, ma ugbu a, ha na-na a ọhụrụ pụtara. Ka ihe atụ, kpọmkwem uru 3.14 na-ekwekọ n'àgwà n'ịgba ụbọchị March 14, nke a na-ewere ụbọchị nke ọnụ ọgụgụ π.

ebe nke a gburugburu, na okirikiri nke ịmara na iji kpọmkwem uru nke nọmba π, nwere ike mfe gbakọọ. Ma, olee otú ịchọta ebe nke a gburugburu ma ọ bụrụ na okirikiri bụ amaghi? Na mfe ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na ebe nwere ike kere n'ime n'ámá, ọ ewere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ámá, ma na ikpe nke gburugburu, usoro a bụ adịghị mma. Ya mere, iji dozie nsogbu dị na ajụjụ "esi achọta ebe nke a gburugburu?", Iji instrumental ụzọ. Space e ji mara nke abụọ akụkụ geometrical ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-egosi ya size, chọta na iji palettes ma ọ bụ planimeter.