Peloponnesian War: ndị na-akpata nke esemokwu n'etiti Athens na Sparta

The Peloponnesian War - agha agha, nke nwere agbawa obi-esi, n'etiti n'Atens Alaeze Ukwu, mara dị ka Delian Symmachus, na Peloponnesian League edu Sparta. On ya na e nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme àmà nke dịkọrọ ndụ, ma ihe kasị mkpa-arụ ọrụ n'etiti ha bụ "History" Thucydides. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị comedies nke Aristophanes, nke ọchị ụfọdụ ọchịagha na ihe omume e dere mgbe oge a.

Athens na Sparta - abụọ dị ike obodo - e jikọrọ aka n'oge ndị Gris na Persian Wars (499-449 afọ BC.). Ịgbaso ichighaazu Peasia, Athens ụba ha mmetụta ọ bụghị nanị na na Aegean na Black Sea region, ma chọọ iji chịkwaa niile nke Greece.

Historians kweere na Peloponnesian Agha wee daa n'ihi egwu nke Sparta na-amụba n'ike nke Athens, nke bụ ihe na ọzọ dịpụrụ adịpụ ha asọmpi. Ma na-ekwu, ndị dị ike na ike na-eleghara ihe ochie iwu nke bipu ọgụ. Akwado ihe fọrọ nke nta 200,000 helots na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na Massena Laconia Spartans etinye hoplites onye nwere ihe ndị magburu onwe ọzụzụ agha. Ha na-ọma mara ha obi ike, na nkà na ejighi ngwaogu ọgụ na-akpasu iwe atụmatụ nke mepụtara, na-akpọ a phalanx guzobere. Nke a otutu atụmatụ anọwo nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge Agha nke Marathon na 490 BC na Plataea na 479 BC, mgbe nke Gris oge ochie agha ahụ biri na mmeri Peasia.

Mgbe Persian ichighaazu, Athens kwụsịbeghị iji trireme, on Kama nke ahụ, ha nwere budata ụba ha nsoro. Zụlitere na a ụtụ nọ n'okpuru obodo dị n'àgwàetiti na n'ikperé Osimiri Aegean, iwu aghọwo a ụdị "ezi uwe ojii", elekọta ha subordinates allies. N'elu ọzọ afọ iri ọ mụtara oké mmetụta na otu (ma ọ bụ Delian Symmachus dị ka isi achị isi nọ n'àgwàetiti Delos).

Ndị ọzọ na-ekwu aka ke otu, bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu dabere na Athens, na bụghị naanị site na ego onyinye. Nke nta nke nta na-a nkịtị àkù egbughị nanị na n'Atens oru kama na nchedo nke Ionia na Aegean n'oké osimiri site nwere mwakpo na ihu nke na My Chemical Romance na otu Peasia. Pericles n'ozuzu ahụhụ àkù site Delos ka Athens, ego malitere ga-eji ego buru ibu na-ewu na-eme site na ha, karịsịa, Parthenon.

Sparta nchegbu na-ele ka ndị obodo, Confederated, ida akara nke ha ugbo ala, na Athens ghọọ a Maritime alaeze ukwu. Ịba ha ike, ha na-enwe ike-aka nke Lacedaemonians, mara dị ka Spartans, onye ndú nke ọzọ mmekorita, nke ogologo nọgidere nanị isi agha ike Greece. Sparta na ya jikọrọ aka, na wezụga nke Corinth, bụ ike na-alụ ọgụ n'ala agha. Ma, ọ bụ n'ezie onye anwụ anwụ agha. N'ihi ya, ike ọchịchị abụọ enweghị ike a bụrụkwa agha na kwụsị esemokwu "n'otu ụbọchị."

The Peloponnesian agha malitere ruru ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe kpọmkwem na akụkụ nke Athens, dị ka a N'ihi nke jikọrọ aka Sparta ahụhụ. N'Atens nsoro gbochiri Corinth etolite a ógbè na Corfu, ke adianade do, alaeze ukwu emewo aku n'obodo megide Megara, nke pụrụ ịdị ọdachi ha.

The Peloponnesian War, bụ nke malitere na 431 BC, kere a ngụkọta nke afọ 27, na a afọ isii truce ebe n'etiti nke oge a, na biri na kwenye nke Athens na 404 BC. Otu nke na-adịte akpata e meriri ike zoro aka na-atụghị anya akasiaha otiti ke 430, nke gburu Pericles na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ụmụ amaala. Fọrọ nke nta ka iri afọ atọ nke ndọlị dugara odida nke alaeze ukwu, na agha takọrọ na demoralized.

Peloponnesian War biri na nchupu nke ịdị adị nke n'Atens naval ike. Sparta na ya jikọrọ aka emewo ka Pan-Gris nzukọ enforcers n'ebe nile oligarchic achị.