Polyhedra na ije. Architectural forms na ụzọ

Urban ohere - a ụwa nke geometric solids. Anya gburugburu. N'ebe nile ebili ukwu prism. Mgbe ụfọdụ, n'anya yie ihe siri ike pyramid. Ebe a na-akpamfia itu n'anya catchy-akụzi si gbasaa na Archimedean solids. Architectural ụlọ ke ọtụtụ - polyhedra, nakwa dị ka ha dị mfe ma dị mgbagwoju n'ịgwa. Ma nke a abụghị na-emekarị nke oge anyị. N'ihi ya, ọ si oge immemorial. The jiometrị na mmadụ mkpa maka nkasi obi, mma na onwe-okwu kpebiere iwu.

Jiometrị na Architecture

Science na nkà bịara site n'oge ochie ruo ugbu a aka na aka. Jiometrị na ije ọnụ sitere, mepụtara na mma: si mfe residential owuwu na unspoken iwu nlezianya e masterpieces ma doo anya na iwu. Ike, mma na kwekọrọ nke ụlọ mgbe niile nyere jiometrị. Obodo ije ya iwu sitere mkpa na nchepụta nke mmadụ.

Owuwu nwere akụkụ anọ mụ na vasatail, otú ahụ n'okporo ámá nwere ihe karịrị ndị ọzọ. Pyramid usụhọde ha irè, ma ha na-ele ebube karị. Ha na-wuru na ahụkebe ikpe. Akụzi si gbasaa na Archimedean ozu, ndị mmadụ na-ejikarịkwa diluted ụkpụrụ ụlọ iche-iche. Emebe nke ụlọ, na-ewe n'ụdị polyhedra - ọtụtụ mgbe, a ike. Ma art bụ ọzọ dị mkpa. Ya mere, architects mere mgbalị dị ukwuu iji merie ya. N'ihi ya, na-eke ụwa masterpieces. Ya mere, ka anyị tụlee nke ọ bụla na a iche iche ihe atụ.

nri prism

Prism - kasị nkịtị polyhedra na ije nke ọ bụla n'obodo. Nke a obere "Khrushchev," elu ụlọ, nakwa dị ka oke skyscrapers. A ihe atụ nke a nri prism nwere ike mara na ụwa dum hexagonal ụlọ elu Pirelli, wuru na Milan na 1960. Skyscraper dị iche na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ndị ugboro elu - 127 mita. Na e dere 32 ala. Mesikwuru ibu karịrị ọbụna Duomo, nke a na kpuwere site a oyiyi nke Madonna, nke mere ka a nnukwu ọha mkpu ákwá. Mgbe ụlọ ahụ n'elu okpukpe Shinto. Iji dozie discontent, e mere ndị skyscraper pl Nervi na George. Ponti ama esịn ya na ulo ya kere eke.

The ụlọ elu e wuru iji na nke ama na ụlọ ọrụ "Pirelli", nke na-amịpụta ụgbọ ala na taya, na nnọọ ebe ọ nọ na nke mbụ factory e odude. Ihe mara mma ụlọ na ihe aluminum na iko facade ghọrọ a nnọchianya nke revival nke aku na uba nke Italy mgbe agha na natara aha nke kasị mara skyscraper na ụwa.

oblique prism

Madrid bụ ihe ọzọ na-adịghị ala ịrịba ama ụkpụrụ ụlọ ihe. Tower "Gateway na Europe" ekara prisms chọrọ, kpọkọta ya gburugburu na-adịghị ala njem nleta karịa Pirelli ụlọ. Skyscrapers 114 mita weturu ka ọ bụla ọzọ na ihe n'akuku nke 15 Celsius.

Ọ bụ nke a ụkpụrụ ụlọ atụmatụ ha jiri aha ha. American injinia na architects F. Johnson na George. Burgi mebiri echiche nke mbụ n'ụdị nke elu-ịrị elu ụlọ na ụlọ elu "Gateway na Europe" ghọrọ ndị mbụ sloped ihe Refeyim na ụwa na otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu na-adọrọ mmasị na Madrid.

mgbe pyramid

Ụlọ prism mpi ka ụkpụrụ ụlọ akpọkwa n'ụdị mgbe pyramid, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị site na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ewu ewu. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-kee-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ime na Ọdịdị nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ụdị, ọ ga-aghọ ihe a ezi masterpiece. Ma eleghị anya, dum ihe na anwansi nke Ijipt oge ochie pyramid, wuru karịa 4 puku. Afọ gara aga ka a na-eli ndị fero? Ònye maara Otú ọ dị, ihe atụ pụtara ìhè nke a bụ "Obí nke Udo na Kwekọrịta" na Astana, bụ isi obodo nke Republic of Kazakhstan.

Architectural kere eke mere nke níle Önwa, nchara na iko kere na ụkpụrụ nke "Golden Nkebi Fibonacci". Ọ esịmde a elu nke 61,8 mita na nwere otu obosara ka isi. The pyramid mara maka nchekwa ihe na-adịghị akpali ekwesị, na diagonally n'elu nke ihe owuwu. N'obí na-eje ozi dị ka a nzukọ ebe ndị ndú nke ụwa okpukpe na a na-ewere a nnọchianya nke enyi n'etiti dị iche iche okpukpe na mba. Ọ pụrụ ịga na onye ọ bụla: ịmụta omenala nke Kazakhstan na ụwa na nnukwu.

truncated pyramid

Architectural ụlọ nwere ike na-na ụdị ọ bụghị nanị na nke mgbe pyramid, ma truncated. Ụlọ anya ruru ya dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ịkpụ n'elu ọzọ oke. Bụ a truncated pyramid nke Kukulkan, wuru site India nke Maya na obodo oge ochie nke Chichén Itza na Mexico. Mgbe elu ọ esịmde 30 mita na a kacha obosara - 55 Ọ mejupụtara 9 square blocks, na ụlọ nsọ na-emi odude n'elu ya. Iji ọ bụ anọ ladders: onye ọ bụla n'akụkụ okporo osisi. N'oge opupu ihe ubi na ụbịa equinox na pyramid e a omimi visual mmetụta: kpara si ìhè anyanwụ chi feathered agwọ, onye nsọpụrụ e wuru a pyramid, slides na ya nzọụkwụ. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, ọ creeps elu, na ọdịda - ala.

Dị otú ahụ polyhedrons na ije nke ugbu a na-ewere obere. Dị ka ihe atụ, ụlọ nke Slovak Radio. Ọ bụ ihe na nọdụ truncated pyramid. Ọdịdị anya ikpọ na, n'agbanyeghị eyi ọchịchịrị, na-adọta ndị njem nleta.

mgbe polyhedron

Akụzi si gbasaa solids ma ọ bụ mgbe polyhedra na ije na ya purest ụdị-erukwa nnọọ adịkarịghị. Ma nke ahụ bụ isi hexahedron. Ihe atụ, na China, wuru mbụ mgbagwoju Cube tube, a isi mmewere nke nke bụ ihe ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ke udi nke a cube. Sako Architects Architects dechara ya facade bụ ihe ịrịba ego nke square igbe na-interspersed na mpụga. N'ihi na nke a Ọdịdị anya ikpọ na o yiri ịbụ.

The mbụ oru ngo nke ugwu hotel cubic Cuboidal Mountain obi nyere ìgwè nke Czech architects Atelier. Nnukwu hexahedron dị ka ya ga-wuru na nke osisi, na n'elu jikwa aluminum. Anyanwụ ogwe na elu ụlọ na mgbidi, usoro mmiri ozuzo mmiri nchekwa na-ọcha, nakwa dị ka ọkụ eletrik generators ga-eme ka o kwe omume na-ebi na ya, n'agbanyeghị nke n'èzí ụwa. Cube anya dị ka a ibu ngọngọ nke ice na dara site na elu ugwu. Otu vertex gbakwasara kwupụta igwe, na ndị ọzọ yiri ka ọ na-arahụ n'okpuru snow. Ọ bụrụ na ngo na-pretvoron ná ndụ, ọ na-aghọ a ezigbo ụjọ.

semiregular polyhedron

Ka ịmepụta omenala ihe na iji buoyancy ahu (ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ semiregular polyhedra). The ije nke n'obodo dị iche iche dị otú ahụ ụlọ ndị a magnet maka njem nleta. Ntị ka National Library of Belarus. Ọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi akwụ ọnọdụ nke onye nke kasị mbụ ụlọ nke ụwa, n'ihi ya udi rombokubooktaedra. Nke a Archimedean ahụ mejupụtara 18 n'ámá na asatọ triangles. N'ihi dị otú ahụ a udi n'ọbá akwụkwọ mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere diamond ma ọ bụ diamond. The ụlọ bụ karịsịa yiri ndị a bara nnukwu uru mgbe ìhè n'abalị ọkụ na ya. Oru ngo "Belarusian Diamond" pụtara dị ka n'oge dị 1980, na ọbụna na ndibọhọ All-Union mpi. Ma na-aghọta na ọ bụ naanị na mmalite nke XXI narị afọ. The ọbá akwụkwọ ahụ nwere 23 ala na esịmde a dị elu nke 75 mita. Ke adianade a nnukwu akwụkwọ collection na-agụ ụlọ, na ụlọ dabara ikiri n'elu ikpo okwu, nke awade a ebube nke Minsk, ụlọ maka ụmụ na a ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.

ndị na-abụghị convex polyhedra

Urban odida obodo na-achọ mgbe nile mgbanwe, otú ojiji nke polyhedra na ije-aghọ ndị ọzọ na nso nso a dịtụ iche iche agwa. N'ezie, ana mmadụ pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche enweghị ókè. Architects ọhụrụ agbaji stereotypical echiche nke mara mma ụlọ iji na ha oru ugbu a ndị na-abụghị convex jiometrị nke ahu. All nke ihe na-edina na-abụghị n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla ihu, ekwe ka ị nweta a pụtara mmetụta.

Otu ihe atụ ga-Seattle Public Library. Architect R. Koolhaas gbalịrị ime ka ọtụtụ futuristic ụlọ. Broken asymmetrical ụkpụrụ ụlọ forms ihe iri na otu ụlọ nke iko na ígwè ntupu adịghị ka niile bi n'obodo ahụ, na ọtụtụ ndị na nnọọ iwe. Ọbá akwụkwọ ọbụna natara aha otutu "nnukwu ventilashion aro." Ma Fans nke ya ukwuu. Atụmatụ nke ije nke ụlọ dọtara-enwetụbeghị ụdị ọgụgụ nke ndị ọbịa, na ọtụtụ ndị na-ele ya anya site na obodo ndị ọzọ na mba.

Polyhedra na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ekwekọghị

Onye ọ bụla ije nwere ya na-egbuke egbuke atụmatụ. Ha mesie uru polyhedra. Oke pyramid dịpụrụ adịpụ ike nke Ijipt oge ochie. Ugbu a ụlọ, na udi nke a polyhedron, mara ụwa dum, ike mkpesa nke style. The udi nke prism, nke nwere skyscrapers, bụ ihe e ji mara nke modernism. Ha embody echiche nke internationalism na arụmọrụ. Tụlee Pirelli ụlọ elu dị na Italy na MetLife Building na America. Ịgachi na semiregular polyhedra na ije-ahụkarị nke postmodernism, dị ka megide nkịtị mepere emepe ụlọ.

Non-convex polyhedra na-eji na deconstruction ike fractures na-ebibi iche-iche, na-eme ka a obi ụtọ dissonance na ordinariness nke akụkụ anọ ụlọ. Architects na injinia na-etinye na mbụ isi n'ala, na-agbanwe uwe. Ma anyị ohere ka na-anọgide jupụtara mgbe nile ebigh ebi geometric ozu, ma ọ bụ a pyramid ma ọ bụ a prism.