Princess Anne Leopoldovna: a obere biography na n'ọbubu-eze

Akara aka nke nwaanyị a nnọọ mwute. Nwa nwa na Russian Tsar Ivan V, Anna Leopoldovna naanị ruo obere oge bụ onye na-achị ihe ndị kasị ala n'ụwa - Russia. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ bụ naanị iri-na-afọ asaa, na ndị ikpeazụ ka hụrụ ya anya - a dị warara obere window nke ọzọ n'ụlọ ahụ, nke ghọrọ a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ihi ya, na sonso anya si n'azụ igwe ojii iyipu kpọrọ nkụ ugwu mbara igwe. Nke a bụ n'ihi nke a n'obí kuu, nke rụpụtara na a nwa rigoro ocheeze Peter m - Elizaveta Petrovna.

The eto eto John V onye nnochianya

Tupu anyị amalite-ekwu okwu banyere onye Anna Leopoldovna na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ ga-ha ghọta ihe mmekọrita ọ nwere na Romanovs ụlọ. Ọ na-enyo na ndị kasị kpọmkwem. Ọ maara na site na 1682 ka 1696 n'oge Russian ocheeze nọdụ nnọọ abụọ Ọkaakaa - Peter m na nwanne ya nwoke John ndị V, bụ ndị nwere ise-ndinyom: Mary, Theodosia, Catherine, Praskovya na Anna. Nke ikpeazụ ga-abụ na 1730, na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu O gabu kwa eze ruo afọ iri. Nwaanyị ọzọ, a nwa Jọn V, Catherine, nne nke heroine anyị akụkọ - a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu onye na-achị, ndị regent Anne Leopoldovna, nke si otú ahụ nwere a na-fledged nnọchiteanya nke na-achị House of Romanov. N'ihi ya, nwa ya nwoke Ivan niile ikike ka ocheeze.

A mụrụ Anna Leopoldovna December 18, 1718 na obere German obodo nke Rostock. Nna ya bụ Karl Leopold Duke nke Mecklenburg-Schwerin, na nne ya, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, Russian eze ukwu John ndị V ada, Princess Ekaterina Ivanovna. N'ọdịnihu achị Russia bịara mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, na ebe a o kwetara na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks. Nne ya bụ a hụrụ n'anya bụ nwa nwanne onye chịrị na afọ nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Anny Ioannovny, na ọ na-elekọta ya na-ekpe, na-ekenye ya otu n'ime ndị a kasị mara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Academy nke Sciences - Kondraty Ivanovich Genningeru. Site 1731, ọ malitere ya ọmụmụ, ma ha kere naanị afọ anọ, dị ka ọ na 1735-nke e nwere a ihunanya akụkọ na biri ya ọrụ.

Nwata nwaanyị si ofufe dịịrị ma na-amanye nwunye

Na isi obodo nke a ọhụrụ alaeze Saxon ozi rutere - Gụọ Moritz Carl Linar. Nke a na-atọ European mma n'oge ahụ iri atọ na atọ, na-eto eto na Princess Anne Leopoldovna dara na ịhụnanya na-enweghị ebe nchekwa. Ya abara Kondraty Ivanovich nọ mara na ike mee ka mmepe nke akwụkwọ. N'oge na-adịghị e asịrị banyere a kwere omume agbamakwụkwọ. Ma nsogbu bụ na Anna ama ukara oke - Duke Anton Ulrich, onye họọrọ ya, eduzi ndị na-ọha mmasị, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Ịmụta banyere onwe onye na-uche nke a na-eto eto bụ nwa nwanne, Russian autocrat ahụ were iwe, na zitere a-ozi-seducer nke Russia, na onye òtù ha nke aghụghọ - Kondrati Ivanovich - wepụrụ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ihe omume bụ bụghị n'elu ma, ma nke a na mkparịta ụka na-aga.

Afọ anọ mgbe ihe ndị a kọrọ wee ebe agbamakwụkwọ Anny Leopoldovny na otú a hụghị ya n'anya site ya chọrọ ịlụ - Antonom Ulrihom, Duke nke Brunswick-Lüneburg. Celebrations raara nye a merenụ, dị iche iche ngosi, na ẹkenịmde ke a nnukwu nnọkọ nke ndị mmadụ. N'oge agbamakwụkwọ ikpeazụ okwu si Akwa Bishop Ambrose (Yushkevich) - a onye a kara aka na-egwu a dị oké mkpa ọrụ ke okpukpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ nke mba n'oge ọchịchị nke Elizabeth. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ndị na-eto eto di na nwunye nwere nwa, na Ivan kpọrọ ndị baptism.

Ọgwụgwụ nke ọchịchị Anny Ioannovny

Ọ bụ 1740. Na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ natara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dị mkpa merenụ, ihe kacha mkpa nke bụ ọnwụ nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Anny Ioannovny, nke bịara 17 (28) nke October. Na uche ya, kọ onye nketa ka ocheeze ahụ, na nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ nwa Anny Leopoldovny - Ivan, a regent maka ya họpụta ya mmasị Ernsta Ioganna Biron. N'elu-eru kwesịrị ekwesị afọ nwa nketa bụ na-Russian tsars John VI.

Ọ ga-kwuru na, dị ka nwa-nwayi Tsar Ivan na V, bụ onye nwụrụ Eze Nwanyị Ukwu passionately asị nwanne ya Peter m na niile agha megide, n'ihi na onye nke umu-ya ndikom we n'ocheeze. N'ihi nke a, na ọ bụ uche ya kwuru na ihe omume nke ọnwụ nke onye nketa ka aha ikike okpueze na-aga na-esote-nwa mbụ nke kasị amasị ya bụ nwa nwanne - Anna Leopoldovna. Banyere na-aga ime na post of regent obere Emperor na o nweghị obi abụọ. Ha ghọrọ ndị kasị amasị ya ogologo - Biron.

Ma eke ga kpebiri n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ. N'ụzọ nkịtị si n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke ọchịchị ya, o chere mmegide, grouped gburugburu nne na nna nke a obere nketa. E nwere ọbụna a izu ọjọọ kwatuo ịdị na ndị mmadụ na-adịru nwa oge ọrụ. Na isi nke intruders bụ di Anny Leopoldovny - Anton Ulrich. Otú ọ dị, nkekọta ha bụ ndị ọjọọ, na-adịghị anya ebumnobi ha bịara mara na Office nke-isi nke ndi-nzuzo A. I. Ushakovu. Nke a-nwe-executioner nwoke zuru ezu sagacious na ụzọ hụ a kwere omume kuu d'etat, ọ bụ nanị site na eziokwu na naanị chie "scolded" ndi-nkekọta.

chụpụrụ nwa oge ọrụ

Otú ọ dị, Biron ịchịisi a na-aga ibibi. N'abalị nke November 9, 1740 na ime, ebe zuru ike n'udo regent na nwunye ya, na ụzọ meghere inikiet inikiet. O sonyeere a otu nke ndị agha, edu Field Marshal Hristoforom Minihom, a iyi onye iro nke Biron na supporter Anna Leopoldovna. Ihe mbụ nile ike mmasị, ebe gụnyere, m ghọtara na nke a bụ njedebe, na bụghị inwe a egwu, jiri nwayọọ n'okpuru bed, ijide n'aka na a ga-gburu. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ. Regent etinye n'ime ndị snow na ẹka brig.

Sochiri site n'ụlọikpe nke Biron ebubo na nke dị iche iche na mpụ. N'ezie, ọtụtụ n'ime ha e mepụtakwara. Na mkpebi bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu-agbanwe agbanwe na mmụọ nke oge - quartering. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị ogbenye nwoke di ndu, ọ nụrụ na ọ mara ọkwa a gbaghara ya, na ntaramahụhụ a na-anọchi a banyere Pelym dị puku atọ kilomita si St. Petersburg. Ma n'ọbubu-eze Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth hụrụ n'anya madam wegara ya ka Yaroslavl, n'ikpeazụkwa, na-eme ka Biron Peter III na isi obodo, nyere ya azụ niile Ọla na Insignia. Na a afọ ole na ole, Catherine II weghachiri mbụ regent nke ikike na nke ya ozugbo Duchy nke Courland.

The na-abịa ike na ntoputa nke a dị ize ndụ mmasị

Ya mere, na-asị nwa oge ọrụ a chụpụrụ obí eze, ma ala board weghaara okpueze isi nne. Regent bụ Anna Leopoldovna. Romanovs eduzi ụdị eze John ndị V akara, na nwa oge pụtara na n'elu nke ọchịchị nke Russia. Ná mmalite nke na-esote 1741 na-eto eto nwaanyị ndụ a ọṅụ omume: na Petersburg bịara ọhụrụ họpụtara Saxon ozi Carl Linar - ya ochie na-abụghị oge na-ajụkwa ala ịhụnanya. Ozugbo nakweere Anna Leopoldovna, enye ozugbo ghọrọ ya mmasị.

Dị ka onye na-achị lụrụ, mgbe ahụ, mmekọrịta ya na ha kwesịrị inwe ime na ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ. Linar biri na a ụlọ nke dị nso Summer Garden, ebe n'oge ahụ dịrị ndụ na Summer Obí, Anna. Iji hụ na a zuru ezu ngọpụ maka ọnụnọ ya dị n'obí, ọ họpụtara ya hụrụ oberkamergerom. N'oge na-adịghị kasị elu ebere na-agbasa ruo n'ókè na ọkacha mmasị e ọdịda abụọ n'elu Russian iwu - Andreya Pervozvannogo na Aleksandra Nevskogo. N'ihi na nke o natara na ha kpọkwara, ụlọikpe nwere ike na-eche na.

N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, Anna Leopoldovna kwere ya hụrụ itinye aka a dị oké njọ ikwu ihe omume na-anapụghị mkpebi ọ bụla na-enweghị agba izu na ya. Mgbe ya connivance Linar ghọrọ a isi sekpụ agha megide ogige ọzọ, ọkụ n'obi na-agụnye Russia na War nke Austrian inwe. N'afọ ndị ahụ, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mba Europe gbalịrị, na-ezisa iwu na-akwadoghị uche nke Austrian Emperor Charles VI nke, weghara onwunwe nke ulo Habsburg na Europe. Nke a bụ omume nke Saxon ozi mere discontent n'etiti agadi, bụ ndị na-atụ egwu ntoputa nke a ọhụrụ ihu ya Biron.

Nkewa si Linar

Iji n'ụzọ ụfọdụ kwaara adopts controversial nkekọ ntụgharị, Anna Leopoldovna (Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, mgbe nile) na-aga na nke atọ, nke Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị onye pụrụ ịbụ na-eduhie eduhie. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ bụ n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1741 Linara hoops na-ulo-odibo nke nsọpụrụ na ezigbo enyi nke Baroness Juliana Mengden. Ma, na-aghọ-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ, otú ọ dị, ike na eze tinye Russian ọrụ, dị ka na-achị nọgidere na Saxony. Iji nweta dị mkpa ikike, na November nke otu afọ Linar gara Dresden.

Tupu, ọ bụ nwoke nke ọhụụ, Anna Leopoldovna dọrọ aka ná ntị nke a kwe omume iji weghara ike nke na-akwado nke Peter m ada Elizabeth. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-aga ka ha laghachi anya ma na-niile n'okpuru akara. Na ikpeazụ, ha amaghị na-asị goodbye ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. Mgbe ọ natara chọrọ ikike site n'aka gọọmenti nke Saxony, Linar na November afọ ahụ, ọ laghachiri St. Petersburg, mgbe ahụ, na Königsberg ọ na-eche ozi ọma nke na njide Anny Leopoldovny na accession ocheeze nke Elizabeth. Ya kasị njọ na-atụ egwu-emezu ...

Ada Peter isi nke Nche

Kuu d'etat wee ebe n'abalị nke November 25 (December 6) na 1741. N'oge ahụ, isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ike e guzobere Peter Ukwu Nche. Ike enthrone na dethrone ya, ọ na-ama chere ya ike na February 1725. Mgbe na ya na bayonets wee ike, nwaanyị di ya nwụrụ nke Peter m - Catherine I. Ma ugbu a, na-eji eziokwu na Anna Leopoldovna, nke kpaliri nile dissatisfaction na-achị, ileda ike nke Nche, Elizabeth jisiri adọta ya n'akụkụ dị na St. Petersburg Preobrazhensky ndi agha.

On na fateful abalị maka Russian onye na-achị 31 afọ mma Elizaveta Petrovna, Bilie, narị atọ na asatọ grenadiers pụtara na Winter Obí. Enweghị nzute eguzogide n'ebe ọ bụla, ha ruru ime, ebe zuru ike n'udo Anna Leopoldovna na di ya. Ụjọ regent a mara ọkwa banyere ya nkwatu na njide. The àmà nke a idaha Emesiri gwa ya na Elizabeth were na aka na otu ụlọ na-akpọte n'ụra site na mberede mkpọtụ-afọ onye nketa ka ocheeze ahụ, gbanyeere nwayọ: "The nzukọ nwa." Ọ maara na ọ na-ekwu.

Way nke Cross ụnyaahụ onye na-achị

N'ihi ya, Brunswick ezinụlọ e jidere, gụnyere Anna Leopoldovna. Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth bụ a obi ọjọọ mmadụ. Ọ maara na ná mmalite na ọ bụ elu na ha mkpọrọ Europe na ole na - ya mere, ọ dịkarịa ala, e kwuru na manifesto, nke o kwuru onwe ya Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Kagbuo queen Anna Leopoldovna na ezinụlọ ruo nwa oge zigara Riga Castle, ebe ọ nọrọ otu afọ na atụmanya nke kwere nkwa nnwere onwe. Ma na mberede a ọhụrụ Winter Obí nnabata gbanwere. The eziokwu na St. Petersburg chọpụtara a izu ọjọọ, onye na nzube ya bụ ịkwatu Elizabeth na ntọhapụ nke ndị ziri ezi nketa nke Ivan Antonovich.

Ọ bịara doo anya na ndị ezinụlọ Brunswick ga-anọgide na-ọkọlọtọ niile kwere omume-nkekọta, si otú ese a ụfọdụ ihe ize ndụ. The eke Anny Leopoldovny e edozi. Na 1742, ndị mkpọrọ nọ zigara Dünamünde wusiri ike (nso Riga), na afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị na Renenburgskuyu ebe e wusiri ike, nke bụ nke dị n'ógbè Ryazan. Ma ọbụna ebe a ha anọghị ogologo. A ọnwa ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị wee kasị elu iwu iduga ha Arkhangelsk maka inwekwu mgbochi na Solovetsky obibi ndị mọnk. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ slosh, na mmiri ozuzo na, Anna Leopoldovna na ya njọ ezinụlọ e zigara ugwu.

Ma ọ bụ n'afọ n'oge frosts na ice ridges ekwe ọ bụla ekwe omume nke na-agafe na Solovki. Ndị mkpọrọ ahụ na-chọpụtara na Kholmogory, n'ulo nke obodo bishop, na vigilantly-eche nche, na-ewepụ ọ bụla nwere ike nke nkwurịta okwu na n'èzí ụwa. Ebe a na ha dị nnọọ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na nwa ya na onye-nketa. Ivan Antonovich kewapụrụ ha na enịm ke ọzọ akụkụ nke ụlọ, na mgbe e mesịrị na nne na nna ndị na-banyere ya ọ bụla ozi ọma. N'ihi na ukwuu nzuzo obere ex-Emperor e nyere ya iwu na-akpọ a ụgha aha Gregory.

Ọnwụ na belated ukpono

Adịbeghị anya, zuru nke iru újú na ordeals, ghara ikwe na ahụ ike nke na-eto eto ndị inyom. Kpụrụ regent na-achị achị nke Russia na zuru ike, nwụrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ 8 (19) na March 1746. The ukara na-akpata ọnwụ a mara ọkwa puerperal fever, ma ọ bụ ka ha na-asị na ochie ụbọchị, "ognevitsa". Mgbe mgbe e, ma ọ bụghị razluchonnaya na ya na di ya, Anna mụrụ ugboro anọ karịa ụmụ, nkọwa nke nke na-adịghị ọbọhọ.

Otú ọ dị, akụkọ Anny Leopoldovny akwụsịbeghị. Ahu ya a gaa na isi obodo na oké ememe wee lie ya necropolis nke Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Olili ozu ẹkenịmde dị ka iwu si kwuru site iwu nke a na-eli mmadụ nke na-achị ụlọ. Kemgbe ahụ, ukara ndepụta nke na-ekwu nke Russian isi bụchaghị kwuru na Anna Leopoldovna. Romanov mgbe niile na-ekwo ekworo nke ịsọpụrụ ebe nchekwa nke ndị òtù ezinụlọ ya, ọbụna ndị na n'ihi na onye na onwu onwe ha aka.

"Iron Nkpuchi" Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme

Kasị dị mwute bụ akara aka nke Ivan - onye-nketa ka ocheeze, nke mụrụ Anna Leopoldovna. Bio ọ mepụtara ihe dị otú ahụ e nyere ịrị elu akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpọ ya Russian otu "Iron nkpuchi". Ozugbo ọdịdọ nke ike site Elizabeth emewo ihe niile kwere omume iji hụ na aha nke onye nketa ka ocheeze nke wepụ ya e chefuola. Jide si mgbasa a na mkpụrụ ego na-oyiyi-ya, bibie akwụkwọ na-ekwu banyere aha ya, na n'okpuru ugwo nke ntaramahụhụ siri ike na iwu ọ bụla na-echeta ya.

Elizaveta Petrovna, jide ike site a n'obí kuu, na-atụ egwu na-ekwe omume nke na-aghọ a aja nke echi ibé. N'ihi nke a, na 1756, ọ e nyere ya iwu ịnapụta ndị afo iri na ise mkpọrọ na Schlisselburg ebe e wusiri ike ma nwere ihe ọghọm na kpọchiri nanị. E bụ nwata nwoke na-efunahụ ọbụna ha aha ọhụrụ Gregory na kwuru na nanị dị ka "a maara nke ọma mkpọrọ." Machibidoro ya na kọntaktị na gburugburu. Nke a chọrọ na otú nditịm chọpụtawo na niile afọ nke mgbochi mkpọrọ mgbe hụrụ a mmadụ ihu. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ihe karịrị oge na o gosiri ihe ịrịba ama nke iche echiche ọrịa.

Top eleta a mkpọrọ na n'oge ọnwụ

Mgbe dochie Elizabeth bịara ọhụrụ Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, Catherine II, na jidere ike na nkwado nke Nche, o nwere na-eme ka ọchịchị ya ukwuu legitimacy, o chere banyere ekwe omume nke alụmdi na nwunye bụ onye na ebe ewusiri ike nke ruuru ịbụ onye nketa ka Ivan. Iji mezuo nke a, ọ gara ya na Shlisselburgsky n'olùlù. Otú ọ dị, ha hụrụ na ihe n'ókè nke anụ ahụ na nke uche na-arịa ọrịa ruru afọ nke kpọchiri nanị, Ivan, ọ ghọtara na a alụmdi na nwunye ya na ya nwere ike ịbụ ọ dịghị ajụjụ. Site n'ụzọ, na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ahụ kwuru na onye mkpọrọ maara ya dị ka eze malite, na ọ bụ guru na-ịchọrọ iji kwụsị ndụ ya a obibi ndị mọnk.

Ọchịchị nke Catherine nke Abụọ abụghị ihe efu, na n'oge Ivan nọ n'ụlọ nche ahụ, e mere mgbalị ụfọdụ iji weghara ya na ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ibuli ya ocheeze ahụ. Iji kwụsị ha, ndị isi ahụ nyere iwu ozugbo igbu onye mkpọrọ ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ezigbo egwu nke ntọhapụ ya. N'afọ 1764, ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ mepụtara. Mgbakọrọ ọzọ gbakọtara n'ọkwá nchebe nke ụlọ nche ahụ bụ Shlisselburg n'onwe ya. Ọ bụ Lieutenant VY Mirovich dugara ya. Otú ọ dị, nchebe nke ụlọ ndị ahụ na-arụzu ọrụ ha: Ivan Antonovich amajuru ya na bayonets. Ọnwụ kwụsịrị ndụ ya dị mkpụmkpụ na nke jọgburu onwe ya na July 5 (16), 1764.

Nke a mere ka ndụ ndị a nke ndị Romanov na-achị achị - onye nketa ruru eru na oche nke John VI na nne ya, Anna Leopoldovna, onye obere akụkọ ndụ ya bụ isiokwu nke mkparịta ụka anyị. O doro anya na ndị ọchịchị niile nke Russia agaghị anwụ anwụ. A na-agbasi mgba ike na-akwadoghị maka ike mgbe ụfọdụ na ọdachi, dịka nke anyị na-echeta. Afọ ndị Anna Leopoldovna na-achị malitere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia dị ka akụkụ nke oge a na-akpọ "Epoch Times".