Relief, njupụta na salinity nke Indian Ocean. The fauna na osisi

Indian Ocean, otu n'ime atọ kasị ukwuu ọdọ nke mbara Ụwa. Ọ gbatịrị si n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Antarctica na Asian mba. Ọ dị n'agbata Africa na Australia. N'ókè site Pacific na Atlantic mmiri. Ya ebe dị ukwuu karịa 70, 000 square kilomita, mgbe nkezi omimi uru esịmde 4000 m.

The enyemaka nke mmiri n'okpuru osimiri bed

Indian Ocean Geography dị iche iche kacha nta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oké osimiri nile. Kwa nta isuo. The kasị ama nke ha - ọ bụ Sri Lanka, Maldives, Andaman na Madagascar. The akụkụ ebe ndịda nke oké osimiri na-fọrọ bụghị indented, ma ọ bụghị n'ebe ugwu teren. The obosara nke shelf adịghị gafere otu narị kilomita. N'akuku nke mkpọda steepness bụ dị iche iche na dịgasị na nso nke 10 ruo 30 Celsius.

Indian Ocean ọgaranya gas na mmanụ ego, monazite ájá, chrome ore, ọla kọpa na ndị ọzọ ọla. Ya na ala-emi esịnede thalassocratons. Ha na-ahụ maka ndị tectonic kwụsie ike. Na mpụta nke bed nke biri continental n'elu ikpo okwu.

Hydrology

The salinity nke Indian Ocean n'ihi na mgbasa nke elu okwukwo. Na ke edere edere mpaghara nke ije nke mmiri bụ monsoonal. Ebe ọ bụ na June na-adịkwaghị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu okwukwo. Winter - n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda. Ke ufọt ufọt January na ókèala ya abụrụ Equatorial ije. Ọzọkwa dịpụrụ adịpụ cyclonic circulations na oyi na-atụ seams.

The okpomọkụ na salinity nke Indian Ocean na-njikọ chiri anya. Mmiri ọkụ averages +20 Celsius C. The kacha ụkpụrụ gafere +30 Celsius C. Ha na-akara na nkera nke abụọ nke May. Mgbe ụwa n'oge na-ekpo ọkụ ruo +28 Celsius C. Ụsọ oké osimiri nke Africa dere ọzọ àmà na-egosi - banyere +23 Celsius C. Meteorologists mara na subtropics mmiri ọkụ na 5 ° C karịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Isi ike na-eri na akaụntụ maka evaporation nke mmiri, na ndị ọzọ na - na okpomọkụ mgbanwe na n'ígwé nke ikuku.

The salinity nke Indian Ocean ozugbo na-adabere na itule ego nke evaporation nke mmiri si n'elu ịgbapụta ná Mexico. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, na oge nke otu afọ, ndị a ụkpụrụ ndị 1380 na 1000 mm karị. Restock mmiri nke osimiri ahụ. Mụọ na ọtụtụ iri puku kilomita si n'ikpere mmiri, ha ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebu ya na ebili mmiri na-ezu ụzọ na enweghi ike abis.

Indian Ocean ịtọ ụtọ na akụkụ kwa nde - 34,8 ‰. Site eke eruba nke Ganges na ị na-nabatara na bed na Limpopo. Nakwa dị ka eruba nke Brahmaputra na Zambezi. Ha na-eke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri desalination osisi nke African na Yurop kọntinent.

Oke salinity nke Indian Ocean na ppm hụrụ na Arabian Peninsula. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere Red na Arabian Oké Osimiri, na Persian Gulf. Ebe a, ka ihe atụ, na Andaman Sea na Bay of Bengal, a oke nwere ubé obere. Kasị freshwater a na-ewere ka a region dị n'ebe ndịda nke 40 Celsius. Ebe a, nke kacha nta salinity nke Indian Ocean. Dị ka a pasent ọ bụ naanị 33 nkeji.

Isi parameters

Dịgasị na njupụta nke mmiri. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ọnụ ahịa ya nēche 1 024. na Nordic latitudes, ọ bụ hà 1 027. Ya esịmde a kacha nta na Bay of Bengal na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Oxygen inwetara Oputakwara n'ụzọ na-ekwekọghị. Na n'ebe ugwu na ọ bụ - 4.5 milliliters, na n'ebe ndịda - 8, nke ọzọ na-egosi na salinity nke Indian Ocean dị ukwuu.

Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-ejikọrọ na agba nke mmiri. Na ịdị omimi nke ọ bụ na-emekarị anụnụ anụnụ, fọrọ nke nta nwa. Nso Antarctica na-aghọ-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ụsọ oké osimiri nke a pụrụ iche greenish tint. Dị ka ndị ala tide oge, ike ha bụghị dị ka ịrịba dị ka ndị ọzọ oké osimiri, na usoro na-ewe ebe ke semidiurnal ọchịchị.

Na n'ebe ugwu, e nwere nkanka nke ice. Na February, ha akwaga na iru 68 Celsius ndịda ohere. Ná ngwụsị nke oge okpomọkụ na ha nwere nnọọ mkpumkpu ụzọ. Nanị mgbe ụfọdụ icebergs pụrụ imeri 55 Celsius.

vetikal convection ugbu a

Deep Ọdịdị na salinity Indian Ocean okwukwo mere. Ha na-adabere na Antarctic na sub-okpomọkụ ebe. Ihe mbụ na-akpọ nso-ala, na nke abụọ - subsurface. E nwekwara n'etiti nje ọgụ. Deep okwukwo na-abịa site Atlantic na akụkụ nke Oké Osimiri Uhie.

N'ihi ya, nkesa nke salinity mmiri nke Indian Ocean dị ka ndị a:

• subtropical ọdọ - 35 ‰;
• Antarctic mmiri - 34 ‰;
• Atlantic okwukwo - 34,68 ‰;
• continental aga - 34,77 ‰.

fauna

Na-emighị emi mmiri dere a na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ coral umu, nile nke ikpokọta ike ịtụnanya eke owuwu. Atolls na ọbụna dum agwaetiti - n'ihi ọrụ ha. Na maze nke ndị a "ụlọ" na-hụrụ crabs na ikpuru, fom, azuokpo, urchins, na yi azu.

Na apịtị ebe pụrụ ịchọta i papuas. Nke a azụ maka a ogologo oge nwere ike ịbụ na otu okenye na-ajụ, na n'èzí ohere. Ke miri n'ígwé nke oké osimiri bi invertebrates, anchovies, umu azu shark, agwọ, tuna, whales, dugongs. Ahụkarị nnọchiteanya nke nnụnụ ke akwa Indian Ocean bụ frigates ọcha albatross. On n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na penguins ndụ.

Flora

The osisi nke ala elu na-etolite peredinievye, red calcareous algae na diatoms. Ndị a gụnyere fucus, makrotsistis, kelp. The na-akpọ algal blooms izute-acha anụnụ anụnụ-green ntule.

ahia

Fishing a na-eme uru na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mmiri nke Indian Ocean. Ya òkè sonso karịa 5% nke ngụkọta mmepụta. Nso Antarctic azu iji na ndị nnọchiteanya nke whale.

N'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Australia ịbụ pearl collection. Persian ọdọ mmiri obụrede mbụre ukwuu ego mmanụ. Na ọzọ na mpaghara, mined ore nke ígwè na manganese. N'ebe ụfọdụ, e nwere diamonds.