Reserve Orenburg: osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme na mgbe ochie na saịtị

Orenburg region emi odude na ókè-ala ebe nke dị iche iche zoogeographical mpaghara na obodo ebe. Ọtụtụ ihe dugara n'echiche na ịpụ iche nke obodo fauna.

Mee, n'okpuru nchebe nke ala, bụ izi (na gburugburu), nnyocha, na nkà mmụta sayensị, gburugburu ebe obibi ụlọ ọrụ. Ebumnuche nke ha na-eme bụ iji chebe ma na-amụ eke ije nke sitere n'okike ma ọ bụ phenomena. Ọzọkwa, ndị dị n'ókèala ndị a zones na-replenished anụmanụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa enweta ego nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, n'okpuru ichebe onye obodo na ụdị ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ na-ahụkarị ebe obibi na usoro. Reserve "Orenburg" - sokwa.

general nkọwa

Environmental mpaghara a kpụrụ site anọ òkè, ngụkọta nke ebe nke bụ Ẹkot 21,7 puku. Ha.

Orenburg Reserve nwere:

• "Talovskie steppe" - 3200 hectare;
• "Burtinskaya steppe" - 4500 hectare;
• "Aytuarskuyu steppe" - 6753 hectare;
• "Aschisayskuyu steppe" - 7200 hectare.

All zones na-ndokwa dị n'otu ohere. Longitude ha na-kewapụrụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ site na 240, 380 na 75 km. Nke a territorial fragmentation ekwe ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-ewetara ndị isi ụdị nke odida obodo dị na steppes nke Orenburg mpaghara.

History nke e kere eke

The mbụ atụmatụ maka nzukọ nke na-echebe ebe e mepụtara azụ ke n'afọ iri abụọ nke narị afọ gara aga. Ma na 1975, ha malitere na-emejuputa atumatu. The kwalite jere ozi dị ka a na-amụ otu n'ime njem ndị mmadụ merela, dị ka a n'ihi nke nke e achọpụtara primordial steppe ala Orenburg mpaghara. N'ikpeazụ, idobere e guzobere na 1989.

Ihu Igwe mpaghara

Na ókèala na-achị achị akọrọ continental idụhe. The nkezi okpomọkụ nke 2.5 Celsius C. The ntu oyi-free oge nke idobere bụ 130 ụbọchị. The nkezi kwa afọ oké mmiri ozuzo dị 390mm.

Aytuarskaya steppe

The n'ókèala enyene ebe 6753 hectare, ọ na-emi odude ekpe n'usọ osimiri. Ural Mountains, na ókè-ala nke mba anyị na Kazakhstan. Up 60-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ ke akwa steppes nke abụọ umeala Kazakh aul. Steppe na ahịhịa traktị eji dị hayfields, ma ihe niile aku-eme na-kwụsịtụrụ taa. Ewezụga bụ nanị ịnyịnya ugbo, akpan iji na-akwa àgwà Aytuarke maka koumiss.

Orenburg idobere na mpaghara ebe a na-ewere ndị kasị ugwu ugwu ngalaba. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Ural apịaji n'aka. The fauna na-anọchi anya 38 ụdị anụmanụ. Na ebe nkịtị nkịtị hamsters, loafers, mfe slepushonki, birch ụmụ oke, pikas. N'Ike bụ steppe ferrets, nkịta ọhịa. The osisi na Original Mix-ogwu bi ele, anụ ọhịa boar, elk.

Ebe 106 ụdị nnụnụ, ọ na-ahụ kwuru na 41 nke ha akwu. Na-ukwuu Falconiformes, gụnyere nta kestrel, saker agụ nkwọ, alaeze ukwu ugo, egbe, Pallid Harrier, Eagle. Na nke a nkebi nke idobere na-hụrụ obere bustards, partridges, nnụnụ kwel. Ụmụ ahụhụ na-ọkọnọ a dịgasị iche iche nke umu depụtara na Red Book of Russia.

Historical na mgbe ochie saịtị ya ekweghị

N'ime idobere e nwere ebe anọ otu na abụọ olili mkpọmkpọ. Nso saịtị ókè a ngụkọta nke 16 barrows ekwenye.

Aschisayskaya steppe

Nke a na ebe na-emi odude ebe 7200 hectare, nke di na Svetlinskoye ebe. Na mbụ steppe bụ a mmachi ịta nri anu-ulo-ibu, n'ebe ụfọdụ na-eji dị ka hay.

The enyemaka ebe dị larịị, ewepụghị, ubé sloping. Mara mma iche Aschisayskoy steppe enye relict ọnụ ọnụ ugwu, ridges, ridges, bụghị n'okpuru ọrụ iyi na ọdọ mmiri.

Hydrographic steppe n'oghere dị ole na ole na ọdọ mmiri, nke na-adabere ndochi olu nke thawed vernal mmiri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere a ahazi udi. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị mma ebe, nke na-etu ọnụ a Nature Reserve "Orenburg".

Nke a na-echebe na mpaghara ebe a?

Na ókèala a na-agbasa n'elu 20 umu mammals, 53 na umu nke nesting nnụnụ. N'etiti ndị nnọchiteanya nke fauna (ọhịa), nke kasị mara umu bụ obere osa, ewi, steppe polecat, marmot, nkịta ọhịa. N'etiti anu-ufe kpebiri igbunye belladonna, steppe ugo, lark. Steppe ọdọ mmiri akwu Ogar, heron, bittern.

Ncheta nke mere na mgbe ochie uru

Na ókèala nke idobere e mkputamkpu, nke, dị ka nnyocha, bụ nke ezinụlọ nke ndị n'oge ochie na-akwagharị akwagharị. Ya elu bụ 1 m, dayameta - 20 m.

Burtinskaya steppe

Na saịtị na-emi odude ke Preduralsky Orenbuzhya ebe bi ebe 4,500 Ha. Steppe n'oge Soviet oge obere ejikwara dị hay. The echekwa mpaghara mejupụtara saline na ahịhịa traktị, karst ọdọ mmiri Koskol.

The steppe na-emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Urals foredeep mere ọkọnọ ugwu ugwu na steeply sloping chakoo. Modern odida obodo malitere ya guzobere na Pliocene ebe na mbara ọzara. Isi ụdị mmiri kewara ndị dị larịị bụ Mueldy.

The kasị oké nkume na-anọchi anya ya continental red polymictic conglomerates. Ala na-akpụ nkume dịgasị iche iche. Na nkpoda na nwayọọ mkpọda bụ ugbu eluvial ego nke arọ udidi.

N'ime saịtị kpughere iri iche ala. The ndabere nke ala-eme ka ndịda ala ojii nke si malite. The humus mmiri esịmde banyere 38 cm, nke ọdịnaya nke humus abịa 8%.

The hydrographic netwọk na-nnọọ nke ọma mepụtara na ji a-abata mgbe niile. Ọ na-anọchi anya elu esịmde nke obere osimiri, na isi mmalite, nwa oge mmiri. Na nchedo nkebi, e nwere abụọ ọdọ mmiri Koskol na karst malite. The mmiri bụ slabomineralizirovannaya.

Orenburg Reserve, ebe a spring Kaynar (na Burtinskaya steppe), bụ pụtara obodo. The nnọọ iyi kwukwara na isi na-adọrọ mmasị. Ya nke ebe mmiri n'elu nke 15 m². Ọ bụ ike, egwu spring voklyuznogo ụdị adịghị ifriizi ọbụna oyi.

Burtinskaya steppe a na-ewere a benchmark Preduralsky steeply sloping, ugwu ugwu Okirikiri. The ebe ọkọnọ ndagwurugwu-doo, mezhsyrtovo-ndagwurugwu, syrt-upland teren ụdị.

The osisi nke steppe mata a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe onwunwe na gornostepnyh edemikov, dị ka Ural kloovu, astragalus Guelma, scratchy gornokolosnik na ndị ọzọ.

State Natural Reserve "Orenburg" na Burtinskaya steppe retains ọtụtụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. A pụrụ iche iche iche na akụ na ụba dị iche iche fauna. Na-hụrụ n'ala 120 ụdị nnụnụ, gụnyere 51 umu nesting esetịpụ. Ndị kasị ahụkarị nnochite anya na-atụle obere bustard, steppe ugo, demoiselle kreenu, kestrel, belladonna, red-footed agụ nkwọ, harrier, nwa grouse.

N'etiti mammals hụrụ 24 umu: squirrels, marmots, loafers, hamsters, voles, pikas. Nke nākpu akpu nwere ike kwuru steppe ajụala na opitoropi mbe.

Historical na mgbe ochie saịtị ya ekweghị

Na n'ókèala a na-eli mkpọmkpọ, nke bụ nke ndị Sarmatian omenala VII-III ọtụtụ narị afọ. d. n. e. The ncheta na-emi odude a dị larịị nso Mueldy nnyocha e mere na akara "420,9 m." Ọ na-hiwere site mounds 13, abụọ nke bụ karịsịa buru ibu ma na-eru a elu nke 2.5 m n'obosara, 40 m Other mounds ndị fọrọ nke nta ka yiri :. Elu nke 0,8 m na a dayameta nke 10 ruo 20 m.

Talovskaya steppe

Na saịtị na-emi odude ke First district nke obodo, na-ekpuchi ebe ndị 3200 hectare. Up ruo mgbe 1988 e ẹkenịmde a agafeghị oke grazing inyinya, atụrụ na ehi. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a n'oge okpomọkụ na-adọba ụgbọala na aturu grazing nso nke omume rụrụ arụ ndị nke ahịhịa na ala ya.

Relief dị iche iche larịị anya, nke e guzobere tumadi na Mesozoic. Modern ụdị ebe enwetara n'oge Quaternary oge n'okpuru nduzi nke denudation Filiks mere ka ịrị elu nke ókèala.

Akpụ nkume ọnọde typical tertiary saline oké osimiri clays. The-echebe ebe a na-emi odude ke mgbanwe site chernozem ka ọchịchịrị chestnut Ona. Na nwayọọ mkpọda na watersheds nwere ike na-etolite na-ajụ-calcareous Ona.

Orenburg Nature Reserve dị iche iche steppe Talovskaya weakly mepụtara hydrography. River netwọk na-anọchi anya nanị ruo nwa oge ọwa mmiri. Ọ bụ mmiri nke osimiri na Malaya Talovaya Sadomna, n'ime ókèala ha, ha na-adịghị a-abata mgbe niile. Ọzọkwa e nweghị ngosipụta nke ala.

Talovskaya steppe bụ a benchmark Zavolzhskaya-Ural steppes. Physical Ọdịdị ebe kpụrụ syrt-plakor, undulating interfluvial na ndagwurugwu-ụdị girder.

Historical na mgbe ochie ncheta òkè

Na ókèala e bu olili mkpọmkpọ, e weere nke Sarmatian omenala. Ọ pụrụ ịchọta na ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke saịtị n'ogo nke 198,9 m. Nke a bụ a pụrụ iche mgbe ochie bara uru, nke na-agụnye idobere "Orenburg".

Director nke na-echebe ebe

Order nke Minista Natural Resources na Ọmụmụ ihe dị ndụ nke mba August 19, 2013 na director nke idobere e ẹkedọhọde Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov. Nke a bụ isi ọkachamara, PhD, onye nhazi nke UN Steppe oru ngo na mpaghara larịị, na-akpakọrịta prọfesọ, isi nke iwu ngalaba nke obodo Agricultural University, nke collaborates Reserve "Orenburg". Bakirov iche ezi mmasị n'ebe ndị ịga nke ọma nke aga-eme. Bụ pụta ụwa professionalism na-adịghị agwụ agwụ ike; ya mere na-echebe ebe ga naanị ọma.

Orenburg State Reserve bụ na ezi aka. E nwere doro anya na professionalism na nraranye nke ọhụrụ director. Na-arụ ọrụ na-eduzi na idobere nwere ike dị na mgbasa ozi. Ha pụta ìhè eke Filiks aa na steppe, gburugburu ebe obibi ihe, asọmpi, ebipụta na mgbasa ozi. N'ihi na nke a Nature Reserve-adọta ọtụtụ ndị njem nleta.

njem mmụta mmemme

Mgbe ị gara na nke pụrụ iche ọdịdị ya ekweghị ndị mmadụ abụghị nanị na matakwuo na pụrụ iche gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ nke na-echebe ebe. N'oge njem, ndị ọbịa nwere ike na-aghọta na fragility nke ya mmekọrịta, mfe destructible n'okpuru nduzi nke mmadụ.

Ka ụbọchị, na idobere nwere ike na-aga site anọ izi na ihe ọmụma njem mmụta ụzọ gasị. Nke a "adịghị agafe agafe World" Trans-Urals, Trans-Volga mpaghara, ndịda Urals, Urals.

anụmanụ

Reserve "Orenburg" nwere a fauna nke a na-ewere ahụkarị ndị obodo ebe. Ọ na-anọchi anya ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke steppe anụmanụ:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Belladonna.
• Bustard.
• Lemming.
• Slepushonki na na.

Orenburg Reserve, ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke na-n'okpuru pụrụ iche nchedo, na-nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ihe e ji mara nke deciduous ọhịa mpaghara. Nke a òké European ebinta, badgers, lynx, kestrel, ngwaahịa-nduru, grouse, Scops Ikwiikwii, osisi-kpalakwukwu. Ọzọkwa, na a na nchekwa umu ebe bi nnọchiteanya nke ọkara desert, akpan akpan, ogologo eared ebinta, a obere nnụnụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere a na-egbuke egbuke nnọchiteanya nke tundra umu - snowy ikwiikwii.

Modern ọhịa n'ókèala bụ iche iche ma dịtụ ọgaranya. Ebe a na-ọkọnọ mammals - banyere 48 umu, nnụnụ - 190 ụdị reptaili - 7 iche nke amphibians - 5 ụdị azụ - 6 umu, 1000 ụdị ahụhụ. Orenburg Reserve, onye foto na-egosi n'okpuru, na-elekọta dum ilekota.

N'ihi mammals gụnyere asaa iche iche nke n'ahọ, ndi 23 - òké 3 - ụsụ 9 - eri 4 - artiodactyla, 2 - lagomorphs. 15 na umu nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na ebe niile nke na-echebe mpaghara. N'etiti ha, marmots, n'ala squirrels, voles, ụmụ oke, lemming, birch ụmụ oke, jerboa, nkịta ọhịa, wolf, ùrúrù, ewi, polecat, weasel, Korsak.

Flora

Reserve "Orenburg" nwere ihe karịrị 600 umu nke osisi ụwa. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ banyere 40% nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị osisi na-eto eto nile ubi. Otu n'ime ha oké ọrụ ufodu na-n'ihe ize ndụ. Na Red Book nke mba nkewa 23 umu nke osisi. Otutu umu osisi na-ebi ndụ a na nchekwa umu n'ógbè, na-ezo aka ugwu-steppe Petrophytes eg kopeechnik serebrolistny, cloves Ural, astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.

Reserve "Orenburg" nwere a pụrụ iche ha pụtara maka mba anyị. On ya n'ókèala ndị ike iji chebe pụrụ iche ebe obibi usoro nke steppe mpaghara upland Okirikiri. Ọ bụ ụwa nke na ọ dịghị nchekasị na nrụgide, alaeze ọdịdị na kwekọrọ, nke dị mkpa iji chebe.