The electrostatic ubi na ihe-ndebe unit

Na otu na e nwere a echiche na okwu nwere ike a ga-atụle bụ na ọ bụghị naanị dị adị n'ezie, ma na-ahụ anya. Nkwenkwe a ọ bụchaghị eziokwu. Otu nke doo anya ihe atụ nke-adịghị ahụ anya okwu - na electrostatic ubi. Magnetik na electric ubi - ọ bụ a pụrụ iche. Nke a dị mfe iji jide n'aka na ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle electrostatic ubi na e ji mara ya.

Back na 1785 Sh Coulomb chọpụtara ma gosi na iwu nke ike na mmekọrịta nke abụọ mgbe ozu na electric ebubo. Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgidere na-edoghị otú mmetụta na-ebute site ná. A usoro nke nwere e rụrụ, akpan akpan, mgbe ebubo e enịm ke vacuo. Iwu na-hụrụ. Nke a tụrụ aro na-emebu na ikpo gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mkpa n'ihi na ike nnyefe. Ekemende J. Maxwell (dabere na-arụ ọrụ nke Faraday) e meghere electrostatic ubi vacuo. Ọ tụgharịrị na ubi bụ mgbe a gburugburu nke ebubo, n'agbanyeghị nke ụdị nke gburugburu ebe obibi na hụ na ha na imekọ ihe ọnụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na ihe onwunwe ubi, ọ "bụ isiokwu na" Einstein si formulas na-agbasa ọsọ nke ìhè. Aha nke electrostatic ubi na-enwetara ekele eziokwu na ọ bụ ihe e ji mara nke ofu ebubo ( "static" - udo, nkwekọ). The ike chọpụtara a pendant akpọ electric. Ọ na-akọwa osisi ike na nke ubi-eme na ihe-ndebe nke na-abanye n'ime ya.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị e ji mara nwere ndị electrostatic ubi - bụ ya erughị ala. Ọ na-egosi na ogo na mmekọrịta nke ebe ebubo. Maka ọmụmụ eji na-akpọ ule ụgwọ, iwebata nke na ubi anaghị ịgwagbu ikpeazụ. Na-emekarị na e were ya dị ka hà 1.6 x 10 ka ike nke -19 Coulomb. Ọ bụrụ na ndị voltaji a na-akpọ «E», anyị na-enweta:

E = F / Q,

ebe F - ike, mee na unit ụgwọ Q (e.g., ule). Iji mgbawa maka Coulomb iwu chọrọ mainstreaming na tụnyere ọnụọgụ nke ndị dielectric mgbe nile nke ọkara.

The electrostatic ubi na-etinyere ọ bụla ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebubo, si otú e a mgbagwoju usoro nke interactions. Erughị ala usoro nwere ike na-ewere na okwu nke superposition, otú ahụ net mmetụta nke N-ọgụgụ nke ebubo bụ vector nchikota nke niile ubi na-eme. Na mberede, okwu bụ "akara nke erughị ala" (a okwu, mara site na ụlọ akwụkwọ physics N'ezie) bilie n'ihi Faraday, nke schematically egosi ubi edoghi na bụla aka ike mgbe ekwekọ n'àgwà nke ndị vector osisi ike nke electrostatic ubi. N'ihi ya, ihe ndị dị otú ahụ e, na ike ike ihe. N'ụzọ dị iche na akpa ubi na-adịghị na-emechi na electrostatics akara erughị ala. Ọzọkwa uru arịba ama bụ na ọla (na ndị ọzọ conductive ihe) n'ihi ubi ike offline oppositely eduzi edinam nke ubi nke free ụgwọ ebu na na-na crystal lattice Ọdịdị. N'eziokwu, ike ngwa ngwa equalized, ọ dịghị ugbu a na akara erughị ala na a waya ike banye n'ime.

Ọzọkwa vector quantities, ubi nwere ike kọwara nke scalar ụkpụrụ weere na onye ọ bụla (na ezigbo ikpe) ebe. The electrostatic nwere nke kwuru ụkpụrụ mara na ubi. Anyị nwere ike sị na ọ kwekọrọ na nwere ike maka otu nti ụgwọ mgbe ọ bụla otu isi nke pitch. N'ihi ya, unit bụ volts. Kpebisiri ike site nwere ike nke ihe-ndebe ruru Q-ule ya ịdị ukwuu, i.e. W / Q-ule.

Sam bụ ndị nwere nke na-eme ka electrostatic ubi agha, na-akpụ akpụ ihe-ndebe si otu ebe ọzọ, na-enweghị nsọtụ.