The enzyme na-eme ka clotting ọbara, ihe bụ aha ya?

Dị ka nke ọma, mgbe ndị dị otú ahụ nsogbu, dị ka a ịkpụ ma ọ bụ ima, gwọọ ngwa ngwa na-enweghị nsogbu. Anyị na-adịghị itinye mkpa otú ume dị ukwuu, ihe na usoro aka iji hụ na ike n'ezi ihe nke ahụ anyị.

Gịnị bụ coagulation usoro?

Na sayensị ọgwụ na ọbara coagulation a na-akpọ "homeostasis." Ọ bụ usoro na-enye a mmiri mmiri ala nke ọbara na-egbochi ọnwụ nke a nnukwu ego nke ya. Blood maka ndị - ọ bụ isi iyi nke ndụ, dị ka ọ pụrụ inyere-abịa na niile mkpụrụ ndụ nke nri. Ọ bụghị nanị na nourishes ahụ, ma na-echebe ya. The ọmụmụ ke idem bụ bụghị nke ukwuu, ya mere, ọ bụla mgbapu ma ọ bụ mbepụ, nke na-emegide iwu ike n'ezi ihe nke ọbara arịa, nwere ike agwụ na anya mmiri. Ma na-enyemaka nke coagulation usoro, ọzọ kpomkwem, ya enzyme na-akpata ọbara clotting. Ọ na-akpọ mgbochiume na nnọọ ahụ nke mmiri mmiri platelet.

Nke a na usoro bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'ihi na ọ bụ a mmiri mmiri ọbara ofụri ọbara arịa. Ozugbo arịa e tiwara, ozugbo ahụ n'ime ọrụ dị iche iche usoro na mmadụ ekpuchi oghere na arịa. Nke a na usoro bụghị nanị na-ebenata ọbara, ma na-egbochi ya iji akpan akpan bekee. Nọmalị, niile Filiks na-guzozie eguzozie, si otú rụrụ ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na nsogbu nke ọbara arịa mebiri emebi.

anticoagulation ọbara

Nzube nke usoro ihe a bụ mezie ọbara clotting. Mgbe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na usoro a na-usoro, ọ ga-eduga a iro nke ihe dị mkpa na-echebe ọrụ. Anticoagulant usoro iji na-egbochi guzobe egbochi mkpụkọ nke ọbara niile arịa ka thrombin mere naanị na mebiri emebi ebe. Ke adianade do, anticoagulants mgbe nile mmiri mmiri ọbara n'ozuzu site counteracting ọchịchọ kwupụta viscosity na thicken mmiri mmiri.

Mgbe n'ahụ larịị, heparin, antithrombin, protein, inhibitors ihe (anticoagulants a usoro) inhibit guzobere fibrin, inhibit aggregation nke erythrocytes, platelet na inhibit mmepụta organism thromboplastin. Ma, dị ka enzyme a na-akpọ ọbara clotting, na ihe bụ nke ya mmetụta?

Gịnị mere i kwesịrị igbari egbochi mkpụkọ nke ọbara na coagulation usoro?

The atọ akụrụngwa nke dum ọnụ ọgụgụ usoro ọrụ bụ ọbara coagulation fibrinolytic usoro. Ọrụ ya bụ igbari ẹdude egbochi mkpụkọ. Nke a usoro a chọrọ mgbe isi ọrụ na-agwụ agwụ, na elu nke ite-eweghachi. Hemostasis na-dechara nke ọma, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị a atọ mejupụtara ọbara coagulation usoro ndị sbalanstirovano. Ma ọ bụghị ya, e nwere a nsogbu na usoro - o nwere ike ịbụ oké ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ thrombosis. Dị otú ahụ "skewed" na hụrụ maka imeju, akpa ume, etuto ahụ, ịrịa ọrịa obi, rheumatism ndị ọzọ pathologies.

Ebe clotting amalite?

Coagulation - mgbanwe a, na ntughari nke mmiri mmiri ọbara clot jelii Ọdịdị. A mma, ahụ na-azọpụta ya onwe ya si ọnwụ nke ọbara. Ọ bụrụ na ndị mebiri bụ obere arịa clot a kpụrụ (mgbe ọ na-amalite na-eme enzyme na-eme ka ọbara clotting) eme ka stoppers na-akwalite hemostasis.

ọbara clotting emee ya ruru ka a pụrụ iche usoro, nke na-ezo aka coagulation inhibitors, pụrụ nke ihe. An enzyme na-eme ka clotting ọbara, kpụrụ mgbe niile. Inhibitors na-arụ ọrụ a na-aga n'ihu mode na n'ụzọ:

• 1 na-adọ. Ọ na-amalite na-eme ihe heparin na antiprotrombinaza.
• 2 na-adọ. Na-arụ ọrụ abịa thrombin inhibitors (fibrinogen, fibrin, pretrombin m na II, thrombin hydrolytic ngwaahịa).

N'oge ọtụtụ ọrịa na ahụ na-guzobere ọzọ inhibitors. N'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị ọ na-anọgide a omimi otú enzyme na-akpata ọbara clotting. Mgbe niile, nke a na-agụnye ọtụtụ Chọpụta ọcha na bekee. Ma ihe niile ha na-eme bụ nnọọ ọrụ ha, ma ọ bụrụ na enzyme tụfuru ya ike na hemostatics, ọbụna ndị nwetụrụ mmebi nke arịa ga-eduga na-egbu egbu ọbara ọgbụgba.

An enzyme na-akpata ọbara clotting

Anyị chọpụta na ihe dị anyị mkpa clotting usoro, ugbu a a obere nti ya n'ahụ usoro. Gịnị bụ aha ndị enzyme na-eme ka clotting ọbara? Central ka usoro a na-thrombin si a ezinụlọ trypsin. N'oge chemical Jeremaya mere, ọ na-eme na fibrinogen etolite fibrin na ya. An enzyme na-akpata ọbara coagulation, fibrinolysis, na oké achịkwakwa thrombosis, vaskụla ụda. Guzobe nke enzyme n'akparamagwa mkpali Filiks.

Thrombin si prothrombin pụtara na ikpeazụ nzọụkwụ nke coagulation. Thrombin akwalite ebighị nke V, nke Asatọ, nke Iri na Atọ clotting ihe. Ọ nwere mmiri ọgwụ Njirimara gosipụtawo mgbe na kọntaktị na platelet na endothelial mkpụrụ ndụ. Mgbe ejikọrọ thrombomodulin a enzyme akwụsị agbanyụ ọbara.

Adọ nke hemostasis: ihe bụ ọrụ nke ọbara clotting enzyme

A pụrụ iche mma bụ hemostatic mmechi nke mebiri emebi arịa. fibrin yarns-eme ka e guzobere a thrombus, nke ekemende enweta ọbara astringent Njirimara. Gịnị bụ aha ndị enzyme na-eme ka clotting ọbara? The aha dị yiri nnọọ okwu "ọbara clot" - thrombin. Ọ dị njikere mgbe nile na-arụ ọrụ, na maka imebi nke ufiop edinam amalite. Hemostasis ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ n'ụzọ:

1. Adọ omume prothrombinase. Mgbe a na ogbo kpụrụ anụ ahụ na ọbara enzymes, usoro wee na ha si dị iche iche gbapụrụ ọsọ. Blood prothrombinase guzobere na-adabere na prothrombinase anụ ahụ (anụ ahụ enzyme activates ihe guzobere a ọbara enzyme). Na nke a otu na-adọ na elu na n'ime usoro ọbara coagulation.
2. Adọ nke thrombin emana. Na nke a na-adọ, anyị na-enweta azịza ajụjụ banyere otú enzyme na-akpata ọbara clotting. Prothrombin kewara akụkụ na-kpụrụ trombinaktiviruyuschee umi nke na-akpali na implements ndị na-esonụ n'ụzọ accelerin.
3. Adọ omume nke fibrin. Thrombin (ihe enzyme na-akpata ọbara clotting) mmetụta fibrinogen, amino acid cleavage emee.
4. Nke a na-adọ bụ pụrụ iche na na polymerisation nke fibrin na clot guzobere.
5. Fibrinolysis. Na nke a na-adọ hemocoagulation agwụ.

"Mpụga" phasing

A na usoro bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya na na nkebi. Akpa, mebiri emebi ebe na kọntaktị na ọbara, thromboplastin rụọ ọrụ na-akpata III. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-atọghata VII (proconvertin) na VII-A (Convertino). Dị ka a N'ihi nke a mmeghachi omume na-ebilite mgbagwoju Ca ++ + III + VIIIa, activates akpata X, na na na-converted n'ime Xa. Dị ka a N'ihi ya nke niile Filiks akpọlite ọzọ mgbagwoju, nke nwere niile atụmatụ nke anụ ahụ prothrombinase. Presence Va-egosi na ọnụnọ nke thrombin, lekọtara V-Rụọ ọrụ. Na anụ ahụ prothrombinase atọghata prothrombin ka thrombin. Nke a enzyme na-akpata ọbara coagulation site rụọ ọrụ ihe V na nke Asatọ, bụ onye chọrọ onye ahụ nke ọbara prothrombinase.

"Esịtidem" ọbara clotting

Ọnụ na-abụghị n'ime clotting malitere. Kpọtụrụ na oge ufodu nke arịa, activates lekọtara XII (XII - XIIa). N'otu oge ọ kpụrụ hemostatic ntu. Active XII activates akpata XI, pụtara ekemende XIIa + Ca ++ + XIa + III, nke na-emetụta IX na gbanwetụrụ forms a mgbagwoju. Ọrụ ọ na X, nakwa mgbe ọ gasịrị na-egosi Xa + Va + Ca ++ + III, nke bụ a ọbara prothrombinase. Ebe a bụ ihe ọzọ na enzyme na-akpata ọbara clotting. Nkewa n'ime "mpụga" na "esịtidem" bụ nnọọ nhazi na a na-na-eji na agụmakwụkwọ okirikiri n'ihi na mma, dị ka ndị a Filiks na-nnọọ njikọ chiri anya.

The ọrụ nke coagulation ihe na usoro

Anyị na-ama kwuru na usoro ọbara clotting bụ na-enweghị ụfọdụ bekee, na-akpọ ihe. Ndị bekee na-apụtụghị - plasma-edozi, nke na sayensị ọgwụ na-akpọ ihe.

• Fibrin na fibrinogen. Fibrinogen na-ebelata mgbe ihe nke thrombin.
• Thrombin na prothrombin. Prothrombin bụ a glycoprotein, ọ bụ iji na ọbara iji tọghata fibrinogen n'ime fibrin. Thrombin - enzyme na-akpata ọbara clotting, nanị ihe ọ kọrọ na ọ bụ na anya.
• Thromboplastin. Ọ nwere a phospholipid Ọdịdị, na mmalite nke ọrụ. Ọ bụ isi soò na mbụ na-adọ.
• Ionized calcium Ca ++. Ifịk ifịk atụ ke usoro nke homeostasis.
• Proaktselerin na accelerin (AC-globulin). Itinye Aka na abụọ n'ụzọ clotting. Mee ngwangwa ọtụtụ enzymatic Filiks.
• Prokonvertina na Convertino. Nke a protein beta-globulin nta. Activates anụ ahụ protombinazu.
• A Antigemofilichesky globulin (AGG-A). Member ọbara prothrombinase. Ọ bụrụ na bụghị a protein, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-amalite hemophilia. Ya a obere ego nke ọbara, ma ọ dị mkpa maka mmadụ.
• Antigemofilichesky globulin (AGG-V, Christmas na-akpata). The mkpali na activator X-akpata.
• Lekọtara Koller, elekọta Ụlọ-Prauer akpata. Sonyere na prothrombinase.
• Rosenthal akpata, plasma thromboplastin ụzọ (PPT). Ọ accelerates ntoputa nke prothrombinase.
• kọntaktị na-akpata Hageman akpata. Ndị sọ clotting usoro. Na-aka na ebighị nke ọzọ ihe.
• Fibrinstabilizator Laki-Lorand. Dị Mkpa na mmepụta nke unyi anaghị agbasa na fibrin.

All ndị a ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ndị kwesịrị ekwesị clotting mgbe usoro a emee ngwa ngwa na rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, na-enweghị na-eme ka ahụ mmadụ na oké ọnwụ nke ọbara.

The usoro nke guzobere thrombi

Mweghachi nke mebiri emebi arịa adịghị ime n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, ọ na-agụnye a otutu bekee na-nyere iwu na-arụ ha ọrụ. Ihe kachasi mkpa nke usoro idu ke eziokwu na e nwere irreversible coagulation edozi na ọbara corpuscles mkpụrụ ndụ. Egbochi mkpụkọ nke ọbara na-mmasị ka arịa mgbidi mgbe clot e sonyeere na arịa, a n'ihu disconnection adịghị ime.

Mgbe a arịa mebiri emebi, na umi-ya bu oké, inye onyinye mgbochi nke coagulation Filiks. Platelet na-agbanwe ma bibie, dapụtara na-ahapụ procoagulants ọbara: thromboplastin na thrombin, enzyme na-akpata ọbara clotting. N'okpuru ihe nke fibrinogen aghọ fibrin, nke nwere ụdị a okporo ma bụ ihe ndabere nke a ọbara clot. Nke a ntupu ruo oge ụfọdụ na-aghọ oké. Mgbe a na ogbo, e guzobere egbochi mkpụkọ nke ọbara nsọtụ, na ọbara ya kwụsịrị.

Coagulation oge dị ka ihe na-egosi nke enzyme arụ ọrụ

Oge si emerụ ahụ na iji kwụsị ọbara na-agba na-ewe abụọ nkeji anọ. The enzyme akpata clotting ọbara n'ime 10 nkeji. Nke a na oge ga-abụ eziokwu na ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na e nweghị ndị na-enwe nsogbu ndị bụ isi na usoro aka na usoro. Ma e nwere ụfọdụ ọrịa nke na clotting usoro a kwụsịlata ma ọ bụ ọbụna agaghị ekwe omume. Dị otú ahụ dị ize ndụ pathologies bụ hemophilia, ọrịa shuga na ndị ọzọ.

Na òkè nke ụjọ usoro na usoro

Mgbe mmerụ emee, ahụ na-eziga a mgbu mgbaàmà ụbụrụ. Pain gbanwere Filiks. Nke a na ụdị ihe mkpali na-enyere aka mee ngwangwa clotting. Iji ihe mgbu na-akpata na-kwukwara na-atụ egwu na ihe ọzọ na-enwekwu ihe nke thrombin na coagulation. Ọ bụrụ na ihe mgbu na-eme a obere oge, na ọbara clotting enzyme thrombin na-arụ ọrụ nke mere na nloghachi nkịtị ọtụtụ ihe ngwa ngwa, n'otu oge aka naanị mpiaji usoro. Ruo ogologo oge mgbu na-ejikọ ndị humoral usoro ọbara clotting, anụ ahụ na-agwọ ọrịa bụ ukwuu iji nwayọọ.

Mgbe oghe ọmịiko akwara ma ọ bụ mgbe ntụtụ adrenaline clotting abawanye. Mgbe utịp ke parasympathetic akwara akwụsịlata ndị a Filiks. Ngalaba na-arụ ọrụ ọnụ ma na-akwado ibe ha. Mgbe ịkwụsị ọbara, enwekwu ọrụ nke parasympathetic usoro, nke na-eme ka ọrụ protivosvertyvaniya.

The endocrine usoro inyere hemostasis

All akụkụ nke ndị endocrine usoro, ndị dị oké mkpa na ha ọrụ. Homonụ na-a nnọọ ike mmetụta na ozu usoro. Mee ngwangwa usoro nke ọbara coagulation homonụ dị ka ACTH, ibu hormone, adrenalin, cortisone, testosterone, progesterone. The retarding utịp ke hemostasis nyere site: thyroid-akpali akpali hormone, thyroxin na estrogen. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-emerụ ịrụ ọrụ nke homonụ nwere ike mgbanwe na usoro ike nwere oké njọ nsogbu, nke a ga-atụle n'isiokwu na na a ọkachamara.