The gas pipeline "Blue Stream": akpali eziokwu

"Blue Stream" - bụ kasị gafee Black Sea gas pipeline, site na nke mmanụ ụgbọala na-ọnọ si Russia na Turkey. Ọ na-e wuru site Dutch alaka nke OOO "Gazprom" BV na Italian "Eni" na ghọrọ arụmọrụ ke 2005. Part nke pipeline na Turkish n'ókèala achịkwa obodo ike ụlọ ọrụ BOTAS. N'okpuru nke ndị fọdụrụ nke Russian Federation. Ebumnobi bụ isi nke "Blue Stream" - diversify nnyefe nke Russian gas na Turkey, na-eleghara nke atọ mba.

History nke e kere eke

Nkwadebe nke oru ngo nke gas pipeline malitere na 1997. Na December, Russia na Turkey bịanyere aka Inter Governmental nkwekọrịta na-ewu nke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ọwa. N'otu oge, "Gazprom" emewo kwetara na ụlọ ọrụ BOTAS banyere iri-na-ise nkwekọrịta maka ọkọnọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala. Na February 1999, a memorandum e banyere n'etiti Russian na Italian n'akụkụ, nakwa dị ka Dutch e guzobere alaka.

Construction nke "Blue Stream" e rụrụ na 2001-2002. Igwu ngalaba e wuru ya nke Italian ụlọ ọrụ Saipem, na Russian ala - "Stroytransgaz". "Blue Stream" malitere na-arụ ọrụ na February 2003. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ndị agha n'etiti Russia na Turkey n'elu price nke manu na ukara oghere ememe nke a gas metering ojii Darusu gafere naanị September 17, 2005. Ọ e gara site Russian President Vladimir Putin, ndị praịm minista nke Turkey na Italy.

Nka na ụzụ e ji mara nke gas pipeline

"Blue Stream" malitere ịrụ ọrụ na zuru ike na 2010. Ya throughput ike bụ 16 ijeri cubic mita. Ngụkọta ogologo nke "Blue Stream" - 1213 kilomita. The Russian akụkụ-amalite Izobilnoye gas osisi na-esote Stavropol na-agwụ na Krasnodar mpaghara. Large n'ókè guru nke Turkey - 444 km. The manifold ọkpọkọ na-eji na-dị iche iche dayameta: ala òkè - 1400 millimeters, ugwu - 12000, Guinea - 610. The mgbali esịmde 25 MPa. "Blue Stream" pipeline a na-ewere ndị kasị mie emie na ụwa. Ọ na-agba na 2.2 kilomita n'okpuru ala ozo.

Na 2014, Turkey na Russia ruru nkwekọrịta n'ịzụ ike nke 3 ijeri cubic mita. Ọzọkwa, idegharị ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ụgbọala e rụrụ.

Financing na mbụ isi ike

"Blue Stream" - na ọ bụ nnọọ oké ọchịchọ oru ngo. Ya n'ezie development malitere na 1987, mgbe Turkey malitere mbubata mmanụ si USSR. Ná mmalite, na ego bụ 0,5 ijeri cubic mita, taa ya etowo na ugboro 34. Ụlọ a - a bụ nnọọ oké ọchịchọ oru ngo. Nsogbu malitere na akpa ogbo, n'ihi ya, ọ malitere na a na-egbu oge nke afọ atọ. Mkpokọta na-eri nke na-ewu nke pipeline dịrị 3.2 ijeri US dollar. Ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ maka njikota aka site Turkish na Russian n'akụkụ. Imewe nke offshore òkè nke US $ 1.7 ijeri e mefuru.

Ozugbo egbe nke gas pipeline, ndị Turkish n'akụkụ kwuru na ọ bụ njikere iji ndị dị otú ahụ quantities nke manu. Iji gbochie odida nke oru ngo, na Russian Federation belatara price na kpebiri bee onunu. Ma nke a eneni akwụsịghị n'ebe ahụ. N'afọ 2004, Vladimir Putin nwere itinye aka na ọbụna iji belata price ka larịị nke deliveries nke Bulgarian ụzọ.

The pipeline "Blue Stream 2"

Ngo bụ a ọhụrụ okporo ụzọ e mbụ chọrọ ke 2002. Russian President Vladimir Putin na Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan tụlere na-ewu nke abụọ akara na ndọtị nke ẹdude pipeline iji njikọ Samsun-Keyhen na alaka na South-Eastern Europe. Development nke oru ngo na-alụsosi mgbe mkpebi nke ise mba na-amalite na-ewu nke "Nabucco". Otú ọ dị, ọ adịghị anya wee na-ekwu okwu nke ịgbasa ngo n'okpuru aha "South Stream". The ọhụrụ pipeline ga jikọọ ozugbo Bulgaria na Russia. Ma ugbu a, ọ na-oyi kpọnwụrụ n'ihi na nke na-akawanye njọ nke mmekọahụ Ukraine.

Na 2009, Vladimir Putin, dị ka praịm minista chọrọ okporo ụzọ nke na-agba ọsọ yiri ka "Blue Stream" n'okpuru Black Sea, na wee gawa, ya si Samsun ka Keyhen. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ nwere ike ibufe eke gas na Syria, Libya, Israel na Cyprus. Ka ụbọchị, a na oru ngo bụ nanị okwu nke ogologo nso n'ọnọdụ, ọ bụla nke ọnọdụ ya mmelite ma.

Ichebe gburugburu ebe obibi

Construction nke "Blue Stream" e kwuwo na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ngagharị iwe envayrontamentalistov. Ma, ha enweghị a ịrịba mmetụta na usoro, dị ka ukara gburugburu ebe obibi mmetụta ntule gosiri a nta ya mebie. Construction ahụ gaa n'ihu, ngo igba egbe egosila na e nweghị oké ihe n'ihi na nchegbu. Ma ndị a niile atụmatụ bụ controversial, n'ihi na niile ọzọ bụ oké mmasị na ya ịrụ ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, niile ule rụrụ tumadi Russia, n'ihi na nke "Blue Stream" bụ nke usoro dị mkpa, karịsịa mgbe ihe exacerbation nke ya mmekọahụ Ukraine na friji "Southern stream". Ọ bụ ezie na na ikpe nke doro anya imebi nke American n'akụkụ agaghị emeghị ihe.

ugbu a ala

The gas pipeline "Blue Stream" - a oru ngo nke kwesịrị ịbụ ihe ndabere nke usoro nkwado n'etiti Russia na Turkey na ike na iga ndi. Ẹdude n'ụzọ akara na-aga site Ukraine, Moldova, Romania na Bulgaria. Nweekwa njem mmanụ ụgbọala na-eme ka ọ na ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ, e nwewo ọtụtụ mkpesa banyere ohi nke ya na-ekwu, nke dị n'ókèala nke ọ gbara ọsọ.

Ma site na nmalite nke ịrụ ọrụ nke "Blue Stream" oru ngo ndidi isi ike, gụnyere ke Russia. Dị ka e gosiri site ule mere site Accounting Chamber, na Italian ụlọ ọrụ wee uru nepolagayuschimisya ya uru. Nke a, n'ezie, mere ka mmebi nke ala mmefu ego. Ndị ọkachamara na-eme atụmatụ na na 2003 naanị ya dịrị US $ 1 ijeri.

Nsogbu na olileanya

Russian mbụ ụkpụrụ na-agụnye ndị na-ewu a gas pipeline n'okpuru Black Sea. Otu n'ime iwu mgbaru ọsọ setịpụrụ circuit "Blue Stream", e nwere mkpa iji merie asọmpi na ụgbọ njem gas na Europe. The mba maka nke niile na-alụ ọgụ - bụ Turkey. "Blue Stream" na-elekwasị anya na-ókèala ya, nakwa dị ka na-esote oru ngo. Ugbua na November 1999, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan na Georgia bịanyere aka Inter Governmental nkwekọrịta on Trans-Caspian ụzọ. Mgbe ọnwa ole na ole na a oru ngo maka a otu nke na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ Genaral Electric na Royal Dutch Shell. Ma esemokwu, we bilie, ya mere ndị na-ewu a kwụsịtụrụ n'etiti ọzọ.

Iji ụbọchị, n'agbanyeghị na-akatọ si United States, "Blue Stream" bụ nke usoro dị mkpa, na Europe na nduzi na Russian gas bụ agaghinihu.