The ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke osimiri - ihe ọ bụ? Kpebisie ike na mkpọda nke osimiri: Volga, Amur, Pechora

River - a mmiri nke eke si, nke na-aga site n'usoro, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ọ bụ omume na-tụọ ogologo nke ọwa mmiri, bụ nọmba nke tributaries, nkịtị catchment ebe, wdg Otu n'ime ndị isi hydrological parameters - ná mkpọda nke osimiri ahụ. Olee gbakọọ ya?

Gịnị bụ a dobe na osimiri?

Ọ bụla eke ọwa mmiri na mbara ala-aga si n'elu na ala. Ihe kpatara nke a - a maara nke ọma na anyị niile iwu nke eluigwe na ala gravitation, nke e meghere Isaakom Nyutonom ka nọ n'etiti Asaa narị afọ. All osimiri na-emekarị na-amalite site na nzuzo iyi ma ọ bụ na-ewepụtara nnukwu ọdọ mmiri. Mgbe ahụ ha na-ebu ha mmiri ala (nwayọọ nwayọọ ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa) - ka oké osimiri na oké osimiri.

Fall River na-egosi anyị otú ọtụtụ tụfuru n'ịdị elu ma ọ bụ na ọwa mmiri n'oge "njem" nke ụwa elu. Na ndị ọzọ okwu, ịdị elu dị iche n'etiti ebe isi na a mgbe nke osimiri n'ọnụ. Fall nwere ike zuru ma ọ bụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu (mgbe ọ dị mkpa ka gbakọọ a index maka akpan akpan ọwa nke).

Gbakọọ osimiri dobe-brainer. Iji mee nke a, mkpa ka ị mara elu nke isi ya na ọnụ. Ka ihe atụ, e nyere anyị a osimiri na a ngụkọta ogologo nke 2,000 km, nke malitere njem ya na gburugburu 250 m, na aga n'ime ọdọ n'ebe ịdị elu nke 50 m. Ihe dị iche n'etiti abụọ ndị a akara ga-200 mita. Nke a ga-ọdịda nke osimiri A.

Ịmara na dobe nwere ike gbakọọ na mkpọda nke osimiri ahụ. Olee otú ime ya - na-agụ ndị na-esonụ ngalaba.

Olee gbakọọ mkpọda nke ọwa mmiri?

Ná mkpọda nke osimiri - bụ ruru nke ọdịda nke ọwa mmiri ya ngụkọta ogologo. The egosi nwere ike kwupụtara na percent mille (Ọtụtụ) degrees ma ọ bụ na m / km.

Mkpọda di ala ala na ugwu osimiri dịgasị nnọọ iche. Na mbụ ikpe, a ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adịkarịghị gafere 0,1 m / km. The mkpọda ugwu osimiri nwere ike ịbụ na ọtụtụ iri ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ narị ugboro ọzọ.

Gbakọọ a ọgụgụ nnọọ mfe. Ka anyị laghachi anyị osimiri A, nke bụ hà a dobe nke 200 mita. Gbakọọ mkpọda uru bụ na a ga-ekewa site uru nke osimiri ogologo: 200 m / 2,000 km = 0,1 m / km. Site na nke a anyị nwere ike ikwu na anyị na osimiri bụ A - ewepụghị na nwere a ala ọsọ nke ya oruru.

Fall River, na mkpọda nwere ike na-anọchi anya graphically. N'ihi nke a, a na-akpọ longitudinal profaịlụ. Axis "x" nke oge a ga-ogologo nke osimiri, na axis "y" - elu nke chakoo. Nke a na profaịlụ na anya dị ka ndị a:

The ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke obodo Volga

Iji dozie nsogbu ndị dị otú a na-akụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, n'ihi na ọdịdị ala ihe na 8th ọkwa. Were ihe atụ nke Europe kasị ukwuu waterway - na Volga. Ka anyị na-agbalị gbakọọ ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke osimiri ahụ.

Volga aga n'ime European akụkụ nke Russia, na nso nke 15 na-achị nke gọọmenti. Ọ ugboro ugboro na-agbanwe ya direction. Nke a bụ ihe kasị mkpa waterway nke mba ahụ, ndị kasị ibu osimiri nke ụwa nke ndị ọwa mmiri na-adịghị ada n'ime oké osimiri ma ọ bụ oké osimiri.

Volga sitere na Valdai Hills, n'ebe ịdị elu nke 228 mita n'elu oké osimiri. N'ime Astrakhan region, ọ aga n'ime Caspian Sea. N'otu oge ahụ ọnụ na nsogbu na ihe elu nke (-28) mita. N'ihi ya, ngụkọta dobe na Volga - 256 mita. Ugbu a, anyị gbakọọ mkpọda nke osimiri ahụ.

Volga nwere a ngụkọta ogologo nke 3530 km. N'otu oge ahụ ọ nakọtara miri na n'ókèala sara nke 1,36 nde square. M. km. Nke a bụ ugboro anọ buru ibu karịa ebe nke Germany! Gbakọọ ná mkpọda nke Volga kwesịrị ịrụ ndị na-esonụ mgbakọ na mwepụ ọrụ: 256 m / 3530 km = 0,07 m / km.

The ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke obodo Amur River

Otu n'ime ndị isi osimiri nke Far East, nke aga n'etiti mba abụọ (Russia na China), - a Cupid. Isi ya na-ewere dị ka confluence nke Shilka na Argun. The elu nke a elu oké osimiri - 304 mita. Ọzọkwa Amur aga tumadi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na aga n'ime Okhotsk. The elu nke ọnụ ya bụ 0 mita. N'ihi ya, n'ozuzu dobe Amur - 304 mita. Anyị gbakọọ mkpọda nke osimiri ahụ.

Cupid nwere a ngụkọta ogologo nke 2824 km. The ebe nke efere bụ 1,85 nde square mita. km. Gbakọọ ná mkpọda nke Amur kwesịrị ịrụ dị mfe mgbakọ na mwepụ ọrụ: 304 m / 2824 km = 0,11 m / km.

Nke a na egosi na-agwa anyị na na saịtị ọwa Ogologo nke otù kilometa nke Amur River "tụfuru" 11 sentimita n'ịdị elu. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na n'ozuzu mkpọda nke a ọwa mmiri obere ihe ọmụma. N'ezie, geomorphological ọnọdụ (teren ọnọdụ), nke bụ osimiri bed, nwere ike ịdị iche n'ụzọ. Ya mere, ọ dị mma na-agbakọta egosi n'ihi na onye obere ngalaba nke osimiri ahụ.

The ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke obodo Pechora River

Pechora - a pụtara nnukwu Russian osimiri eru n'ime Komi Republic na Nenets Autonomous District. Ọ na-amalite na ugwu nke Northern Urals Mountains, n'ebe ịdị elu nke 630 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Pechora aga n'ime Bay nke otu aha na Barents Sea, akpụ a sara Delta. The elu nke ọnụ - 0 mita. Anyị gbakọọ ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke osimiri ahụ.

Pechora nwere a ngụkọta ogologo nke 1809 km. The ọdịda nke osimiri bụ 630 mita. The nke ebe Pechora River efere tụnyere Volga na Amur bụ obere - na 330 puku sq. M. km. Gbakọọ ná mkpọda nke Pechora River kwesịrị ịrụ ndị na-esonụ mgbakọ na mwepụ ọrụ: 630 m / 1809 km = 0,35 m / km.

Dị ka anyị hụrụ, n'etiti atọ a tụlere n'isiokwu a, nnukwu osimiri echiche ọjọọ ji mara ndị na Pechora. Ke ofụri ofụri, definition nke a na-egosi na-enyere hydrologists akpan akpan na-amụ nke ndagwurugwu nke osimiri ahụ, ya mmiri ọchịchị na ọwa Filiks.