Alkali ọla

Alkali ọla - francium, cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, lithium - ya mere a na-akpọ n'ihi na nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụdị alkali site mmeghachi omume na mmiri. Ruru akwa ike na-eme ndị a ihe kwesịrị echekwara n'okpuru a oyi akwa nke ịnweta mmanụ ma ọ bụ kerosin. The kasị ike nke ndị a ogige a na-ewere francium (bụ redioaktivu).

Alkali ọla - bekee adụ, ọlaọcha na agba. Ha freshly bee n'elu nwere a ji mara luster. Alkali ọla na-gbazee na obụpde na ala okpomọkụ, nwere akwa kwes na ọkụ conductivity. Ha nwekwara a ala njupụta.

Chemical Njirimara nke alkali ọla

Bekee nwere ike, ibelata mmadụ, na ogige igosipụta a ogo ọxịdashọn (pụrụ iche) +1. Na-abawanye na atọm ibu alkali ọla na mụbaa, mbenata ike. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke ogige dị soluble na mmiri, ha na-ionic ke uwa.

Na-agafeghị oke kpo oku alkali ọla edita na ikuku. Na njikọ na hydrogen etolite nnu-ka umi hydrides. Combustion na ngwaahịa ndị a peroxides.

Alkali metal oxides edo edo solids (oxides nke rubidium na potassium), na-acha ọcha (oxides nke sodium na lithium) na oroma (Cesium oxide) na agba. Ndị a oxides nwere ike iwe iwe na mmiri, asịd, oxygen, acid na amphoteric oxides. Ndị a bụ isi e ji mara ndị pụta ụwa ka ha nile na-enwe a akpọ agwa.

peroxides nke alkali ọla - ntụ ntụ odo-acha ọcha na agba. Ha nwere ike iwe iwe na carbon dioxide na carbon monoxide, haruru, asịd, nonmetals, mmiri.

alkali metal hydroxides bụ soluble na mmiri, na-acha ọcha solids. Na ndị a ogige na-egosi (egbuke egbuke ezu) isi Njirimara alkalis. Lithium bases ka Franz ike na ogo solubility na mmiri na-abawanye. Hydroxides atụle ike electrolytes. Ha na-eme na salts, amphoteric hydroxides na oxides, ụfọdụ ndị na-abụghị ọla, acid oxides. Ewezuga compound na lithium ọzọ igosipụta thermal kwụsie ike. Calcining lithium hydroxide bụ ya decomposition n'ime mmiri na oxide. Sị na ogige na-nwetara site electrolysis nke okenye chloride ngwọta nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke metabolic Jeremaya mere. Hydroxides kwadebere site omume mmiri (ma ọ bụ oxides) na mmiri.

Fọrọ nke nta niile salts kọwara ọla (ma e wezụga n'ihi na ụfọdụ lithium salts) bụ soluble na mmiri nke ọma. Kpụrụ adịghị ike asịd, saline ngwọta nwere a mmeghachi omume na-ajụ (alkaline) n'ihi hydrolysis nke kpụrụ nnu dị ka ike asịd na-adịghị hydrolyzed. Common salts bụ nkume (sodium) nnu, a silicate nyagide (mmiri iko), potassium nitrate, bertoletova nnu, potassium permanganate, bottled soda, soda ash, na ndị ọzọ.

All nke alkali ogige nwere ike ịgbanwe agba nke ire ọkụ. Ọ na-eji na chemical analysis. N'ihi ya, ire ọkụ carmine-acha uhie uhie ntụpọ na lithium ion, na violet - potassium ion na edo edo - sodium whitish pink - rubidium, violet-red - cesium.

N'ihi na eziokwu na niile alkaline mkpụrụ ndụ bụ ike kacha ike na mbenata mmadụ, ha nwere ike na-enweta ihe a wụrụ awụ salts site electrolysis.

Jiri nke alkali metal

The ọcha na-eji dị iche iche na ngalaba nke mmadụ ọrụ. Ka ihe atụ, cesium na-eji na photoelectric mkpụrụ ndụ. Ịgba alloy eji dị mkpali lithium. Sodium bụ ugbu ke gas-agbapụta n'ahụ oriọna, nuclear ngwa agha dị ka a coolant. The nnyocha ọrụ na-eji rubidium.