Types of ọkpụkpụ. Ọkpụkpụ dị ka ụdị nke visual art

Gịnị bụ ọkpụkpụ? Nke a na ụdị ezi art, sculpting volumetric image ụdị, Onyonyo iji kpọmkwem ihe (ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ plastic, dabere na nzube). Ọ ga-eji ụrọ, osisi, wax, ọkpụkpụ, metal. E nwere iche na-elekọta mmadụ agwa nke ọkpụkpụ dị na ogige, na n'ámá. E nwere kere ihe bara uru na okwu nke nkà uru. Nke a ngosi nka-edu masterpieces site oké nwe dị ka Michelangelo, Raphael na Benvenuto Cellini.

Ọkpụkpụ, na ya na ụdị na atụmatụ

Dị ka ọ na-eme na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ art, atọ akụkụ nkà oyiyi bụ atụmatụ nke exclusivity. The ọkpụkpụ nwere ike depụtaghachiri, ma zuru ezu nkwekọrịta na mbụ ga na-echere. Kpọmkwem mbipụta bụ nanị kwe omume mgbe eji nkedo usoro, mgbe alloy wụsara n'ime otu udi.

Gịnị bụ ọkpụkpụ na artist na-ekwu echiche? Mbụ niile, ọ bụ ohere na-egosipụta onwe ha, na-aghọta ha na ọhụụ nke onyinyo nke ihe oyiyi. Ẹdude iche nke ọkpụkpụ ekwe ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu-egosipụta ọ bụla ibé, ya niile na-adabere na nkà nke ọkpụ. Na nke a, bukwanu mkpa bụ nhọrọ ziri ezi nke ihe onwunwe. Ọtụtụ mgbe na omume nke na-eke ọkpụkpụ ọ na-aghọ o ndiiche turu ime ihe e kere eke na àgwà nke feedstock. Clay dochie marble ma ọ bụ Anglịkan, ike nkume enye ụzọ ụrọ uka na mgbe sintering okokụre ngwaahịa.

Karịsịa ọkpụ nlezianya na-ahọrọ ihe na imewe nke thumbnails.

David na Galatea

Ndien ke akpatre, ihe bụ ọkpụkpụ na nghọta ndị nkịtị na-adọta ndị na nkà na ọkụ n'obi matakwuo na ya miri emi na ya? N'ezie, ọ bụ masterpieces nke ụwa mkpa - a marble ọkpụkpụ nke David, nke a na-sculpted site Michelangelo Buonarroti, ma ọ bụ Galatea Pygmalion, idolized aka ọrụ ya. Ọ dara na ịhụnanya na a mara mma oyiyi dị ka mmadụ nwere ike n'anya a nwaanyị. Nke a ọ bụghị ezi art bụ?

Na eziokwu na ajụjụ nke a ọkpụkpụ, e nwere ọtụtụ na-aza, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha nri n'elu - na sculptural image kwesịrị igosipụta eziokwu. Surrealism bụkwa dịghị onye bịara abịa nke a ụdị nkà, ma ya specificity adịghị ekwe ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu mejuputa echiche, na-eche onye nkiri na-ada.

Oyiyi nke Nefertiti

Ọkpụkpụ dị ka ụdị nke visual art nwere oge ochie mgbọrọgwụ. N'oge ihe oyiyi na-hụrụ onye Ijipt queen Nefertiti, akpa azụ ka narị afọ nke 14 BC. Artistic kpọkwara nke oyiyi ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-agbanwe agbanwe na oge gboo n'ụkpụrụ iwu, ma nke bụ eziokwu na n'oge ochie, ndị omenkà onye sculpted atọ akụkụ oyiyi, na-ekwu, a otutu.

Na ụdị na-Genres nke ọkpụkpụ ama pụrụ nnọọ iche iche. Na ngwaọrụ dị n'oge ochie - ụrọ, marble na sandstone. Na a dịgasị iche iche nke dị ihe ọkpụkpụ dị ka ụdị nke visual art anọwo na n'ihi na ihe karịrị iri na ise na narị afọ. Ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ndị nka, na taa nkà ihe ọkpụkpụ na-echetara anyị nke gara aga.

umu image

Tụlee isi ụdị nke ọkpụkpụ. The ndepụta gụnyere ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

- Gburugburu, ma ọ bụ olu, - kasị ụdị. Anya si n'akụkụ niile, a okirikiri ohere mkpa. Background offline ụgbọelu. Na udi nke ọkpụkpụ na gburugburu na-agụnye akpụ, kpụrụ akpụ na busts. A iche iche ọnọdụ bụ a osisi ọkpụkpụ, bụ nke na-bụ ezi ọrụ nkà. Ihe Nlereanya bụ Permian art ọkpụkpụ mere nke osisi.

- Monumental ọkpụkpụ. Ọ bụ dị iche iche, nke mbụ niile nha. Ọ nwere ike iru ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri mita n'ịdị elu. Ka ihe atụ, US oyiyi Liberty, setịpụrụ na Hudson Strait (elu - iri anọ na isii mita), na Argentine oyiyi nke Kraịst, na Rio de Janeiro (38 mita), "The motherland" na Volgograd (85 mita), na ncheta "The motherland" Kiev (iri isii na abụọ mita). N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, a ọkpụkpụ bụ a siri agwa. Nta awụ nwere ọzọ nzube, mgbe mgbe, ji achọ.

Ọkpụkpụ na oghere - na-ncheta raara nye oké mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe.

- Tondo - gburugburu ọkpụkpụ n'ụdị kpụrụ ya akpụ. Na nke a n'ụzọ mere Michelangelo Buonarroti. Ya abụọ kasị ama ọrụ - "Doni Tondo" na "Tondo Tadei". -Eji nke a na Usoro na Rafael - o kere "The Alba Madonna" na "Madonna na oche."

- Effigiya - sculptural Nkume ili. Ọ e ji eli ozu nke ndị a ma ama. Ọtụtụ mgbe ihe oyiyi akuko oyiyi nke nwụrụ anwụ. Effigiya-eji maka atụ egbu nke ikpe dara, ma ọ bụrụ na na jisiri ike gbapụ. Na nke a, gburu ya sculptural image.

Popular ụdị

- ọkpụkpụ nke snow. Ọtụtụ nkịtị bụ a snowman ma ọ bụ snow nwaanyị. E nwere ihe atụ nke na-ewu nnukwu snowmen. Ya mere, na 1992 na US na ọ bụ sleplena nwaanyị na a 37 mita elu, nke e esịne ke Guinness Book of Records. Kwa afo n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na-haziri asọmpi maka kasị mma snowman na sculptural iche iche nke snow na ice.

- Obere plastic - sculptural image elu nke ọ bụla karịrị 15 sentimita. Gụnyere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke thematic ebe: Inuit Art, Bogorodskaya eri, tin miniature, Glyptics (nkume a tụrụ atụ), thumbnail oyiyi nke ụmụ anụmanụ. The kasị na-eri oge usoro - a mma ibuotikọ ke ido glyptic. Ọzọkwa, ọkpụkpụ n'ilu ọlu ekele. Ihe maka nke a fishery bụ wolrus oduenyi - nnọọ plastic, lends onwe ya nke ọma polishing. Ihu ọma obere ọkpụkpụ zubere maka decorating interiors na-anọchi anya ndị nkà na crafts.

obere umu

- Netsuke - miniature ọkpụkpụ, ukwuu nka art nke ọkpụkpụ n'ilu ọlu, omenala Japanese crafts. Na mmiri ụmụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ ọdụ ezé na-eji dị ka ihe onwunwe (i.e., ot terrestrial tusks enyí). Akpa nkata thumbnails na netsuke style pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ iche iche. Ọ bụ ụdị nke na ọnụ ọgụgụ na Bible gburugburu, kpụrụ akpụ nke chi, ụmụ anụmanụ na azụ. Japanese art nke ọkpụkpụ n'ilu ọlu bụ ma ama n'ụwa nile. Kpọrọ ochie netsuke, nke ihe karịrị otu narị afọ. Otú ahụ na ngwaahịa na-atụle rarities na bụ nnọọ oké ọnụ. Master carvers ochie akwụkwọ gaa n'ụwa ọzọ, na nkà nke netsuke nwayọọ nwayọọ emebi. Schools na-akụzi n'ilu ọlu usoro on a ọkpụkpụ, na-enweghị ike ịnapụta a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke niile ụzọ aghụghọ nke craft.

- Nrite art - ọkpụkpụ na ụgbọelu, nke na-mere na ndabere nke kpụrụ ya akpụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ ebe image nwere na-ọzọ convex ka Production nke iwu, Njirimara nke elu enyemaka na-etinyere.

- Mascaron - grotesque ọkpụkpụ isi nke anụmanụ ma ọ bụ a mmadụ ihu. A na-eji mee ihe atụ nke mythical akụkọ, madu ọjọọ na ihe ize ndụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọkpụkpụ mere na Mascaron style mee ka icho mma n'ụlọ nsọ, dị nsọ ụlọ ma ọ bụ nnukwu grandiose ụkpụrụ ụlọ owuwu.

ime ụlọ ọkpụkpụ

Nghọta na-agụnye a obere anya. Ige nti ageme mmekọrịta n'ime ụwa nke mmadụ, na-ahụ anya akụkọ akụkọ, na zuru enweghị mmekọrịta ebumnobi na gburugburu ebe obibi, na karịsịa na ime ihe.

Depụtara, ọ bụghị ihe niile iche iche nke ọkpụkpụ, ma anyị na-agbalị na-enye onye na-agụ na isi ntụziaka nke a dị ịtụnanya n'ezie creativity.

Ike n'ezi ihe nke ihe e kere eke

Expressiveness ọkpụkpụ na-adabere na otú lining isi atụmatụ, mpịakọta, ìhè ụgbọelu na rhythmic ruru. Ibiere maka iwu a otutu, na ọgwụgwụ N'ihi a na-enweta na-efu nke nnabata. Sculptural art - ọ bụ a sayensị na ọtụtụ unknowns, ma isi ọnọdụ nke ọma bụ ike n'ezi ihe nke silhouette na a doro anya ndepụta nke ihe oyiyi ahụ. Na nke a, nna ukwu ahụ ga-hazie ha creativity na-ewetara ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ọhụrụ, ndị nke art. Nanị ụzọ nweta a eti utịp.

Technology ọkpụkpụ abuana a nnukwu na-arụ ọrụ, ha na-na-ejikọta ya na a dịgasị iche iche nke oru Filiks: zọ, ibe ya bụrụ, na ndọtị, ịgbado ọkụ, atụ, na ụdị nile nke embossments. Otu ọkpụ ike imeli na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa site ná mmalite ruo n'isi, otú ahụ ka ọrụ aka na-nwe-enyere aka na-bee nkume kpụrụ oge ọgbụgba na Mint mbụ frasi image.

Siri ike njikọ ugboro

E nwere mgbe niile na nkà nka. Ụfọdụ ọkpụ sculpted si otu mpempe marble, ndị ọzọ họọrọ ọzọ yieldable ihe onwunwe, ma n'ezie, na ndị ọzọ na ikpe si cutter si pụrụ iche masterpiece.

Historical na oge a na ọkpụkpụ zuru ezu yiri, ha ịkọrọ a nkịtị isiokwu - ọchịchọ nke nna ukwu na-egosi na eziokwu na ha bi na ike. Materials ji mee ihe a pụkwara iso kpata convergence oge.

History na ụdị nke ọkpụkpụ na-anya nwere njikọ chiri anya. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'oge ochie, e nwere ebe gburugburu ọkpụkpụ na-eme taa. N'ihi ya, nkà nke narị afọ gara aga na-organically jikọrọ ya na ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị nke modernity. Fọrọ nke nta niile iche nke European ọkpụkpụ adịkwaghị omenala mmụta ekele ndị nna ukwu bụ ndị dịrị ndụ na iri na ise - iri na itoolu na narị afọ, n'etiti ha Auguste Rodin, Giovanni Bernini, Betto Bardi Donatello, Jean-Antoine Houdon, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Fedot Shubin. Enweghị atụ talent nke ndị a na-ese ihe na-ekwe ka nnata na ngosi ihe mgbe ochie n'ụwa nile a ịrịba ama ọtụtụ ndị masterpieces nke sculptural art.

modernity

Nke iri abụọ na narị afọ nyekwara ụmụ mmadụ a dum galaxy nke nkà nna ukwu nke art nke ọkpụkpụ, dị ka Vera Mukhina, Sergei Konenkov, Aristide Maillol, Henry Moore, Emile Antoine Bourdelle. N'ihi ndị a oke amamihe nke azụmahịa - a otutu ncheta ensembles, otu na onye ọkpụkpụ, park okụre n'èzí. All iche iche nke ọkpụkpụ, dabeere maka echichi ke eferife ga-nọgidere na-enwe a na-ideological style, na ndị dere eme ihe magburu onwe ọrụ a ozi.

Olee maa ụdị ọkpụkpụ

Na na ọgwụgwụ nke isiokwu a ga-amasị anyị ịkekọrịta ụfọdụ kwuru. Na ọtụtụ crosswords, ma ọ bụ chaynvordah skanvordov kpọrọ maa okwu nke ọzọ: "ụdị ọkpụkpụ, 8 akwụkwọ ozi." Nke a na-egosi na ewu ewu na nke sculptural art. Na zaghachi a ajụjụ, na nke asatọ akwụkwọ ozi nwere ike ịchọta a set nke okwu metụtara kpọmkwem isiokwu. Nke a "Bas" na "elu enyemaka" na "ihe ncheta".