US President Woodrow Wilson na ozizi ya nke management

Future US President Vudro Vilson a mụrụ December 28, 1856, n'obodo Staunton - obodo dị n'ebe ugwu Virginia. Nwa ahụ bụ Irish na Scottish mgbọrọgwụ. Woodrow nna ghọrọ a Presbyterian ọkà mmụta okpukpe. Ọ bụ a supporter nke ịgba ohu na mgbe Civil War, akwado jikọrọ aka. Wilsons na chọọchị ọbụna meghere a ọgwụ n'ihi na e merụrụ agha.

Okpukpe nna na-enwe mmetụta na-Woodrow. Dị ka akụkụ nke ya ọzụzụ ebe ọ họọrọ Davidson College, emi odude ke North Carolina na-akwadebe maka ozi nke Presbyterian Church. Mgbe ahụ, na 1875, Vudro Vilson gara Princeton University, ebe ọ bịara nwee mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nkà ihe ọmụma.

na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ

Na 1882, a na-eto eto ọkachamara nwere ohere na-amalite a ọrụ dị ka a ọkàiwu. Otú ọ dị, iwu na-eme ngwa ngwa edikpu Wilson. The kpọmkwem n'afọ ahụ, o kpebiri iji maliteghachi ya n'ọnụ ọmụmụ ba sayensị. Ukpep-amụrụ debara aha na Johns Hopkins University, ebe ọ mụtara PhD. Degree natara na 1886. Ọbụna tupu nke ahụ, ọkà mmụta sayensị dere akwụkwọ banyere US Congress, n'ihi na nke o natara a pụrụ iche award nke ya na mahadum.

Scientific na izi ọrụ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu iwu e tumadi metụtara na Princeton University, ebe ọ bụ na 1902-1910 afọ. ọ ẹkenịmde na post of Rector. isi ise olu "History of the American ndị mmadụ," e dere na mgbidi a alụmdi.

Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ na ntuli aka nke president

Wilson ẹkenịmde echiche nke Democratic Party. Dị ka ya nwa akwukwo, a novice ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 1910 a họpụtara gọvanọ New Jersey. Ndị ọrụ malitere ozugbo ifịk na-elekọta mmadụ mgbanwe butere site Vudro Vilson ghọrọ. Brief biography nke iwu na-agaghị ezu na-enweghị aha nke oge a nke ndụ ya. N'ihi mgbalị ha na-akwalite ọhụrụ iwu na mkpuchi, ọ malitere a maara ọnụ ọgụgụ niile-American n'ike.

Na 1912, Democratic Party na mberede kewapụrụ Wilson ka ha nwa akwukwo na-esonụ president mba. Ndị nhọrọ nwere ọhụrụ n'ihi na American electoral usoro. A, maka a oche na White House rụrụ ụka isi ihe abụọ na-aga ime - Democratic na Republican ọzọ. Na 1912, ọ bụ a maara n'anya chiri. Ke adianade Wilson, mbuba aka a protege nke Republican Uilyam Taft (27 US president) na-emechi ya site electorate Teodor Ruzvelt (26 US president), nke bụ n'ihi na esemokwu hapụrụ Republican Party na tọrọ ntọala ya - Progressive. The gbawara n'etiti ike apụghị imetụta pụta nke ịtụ vootu. Wilson obi ike merie Taft na Roosevelt, na-iche site a Republican ọkara nke American Ntuli.

Ọ bụ na ọ kwesịrị ịga nke ọma, nke na 1912 ruru Vudro Vilson? Brief biography Democrat na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe ọhụrụ n'ihi na ndị post of President nke United States n'oge ahụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ. Emegiderịta Wilson na akpa ebe bụ eziokwu na ọ bụ a southerner, ya na ezinụlọ ya n'oge Civil War na-akwado ndị Confederate ohu. N'ihu ya mgbe niile isi amuru n'ebe ugwu na-ekwu. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ime na gbawara n'etiti n'etiti Taft na Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson ga merie. Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ na-egwuri n'aka Democrat, na ugbu a ọ na-aghaghị igosi na o kwesịrị otuto nke ntụkwasị obi nyere ya site American Ntuli.

anụ ụlọ iwu

Isi mgbanwe dị esịtidem na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mbụ okwu Wilson bụ ya akakabarede nke US ego ngwaọrụ. Na 1913 o guzobere Federal Reserve System. Nke a ọhụrụ ahụ na a sara mbara iwu. Nri malitere ịrụ ọrụ nke akụ etiti na-egosipụta na-achị azụmahịa mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na United States. The Federal Reserve System ebe ya inception dị iche iche kwụụrụ onwe ọnọdụ. Ka ihe atụ, ọ dịghị mkpa nnwapụta nke president maka mmejuputa iwu nke ego na n'aka iwu mkpebi. N'otu oge ahụ, na-achịkwa nri nwetara Congress.

Ọbụna taa na United States na-aga n'ihu na-eme ihe bụ otu ihe ahụ usoro na butere oruru nke nke bụ Vudro Vilson. Public ochichi ya rụrụ, ịgbaso iwu nke-achọpụtazi na-ọtùtù. Mgbe Wilson ike ngwaọrụ ka mgbe a echiche ziri ezi - ọ dịghị otu onye nke alaka ya (Executive, omebe iwu na ọkàikpe) ike wetara ya N'ezie gafee mba. Nri si oruru bụ otu n'ime nzọụkwụ idozi nyere iji.

Na mba arena

Woodrow Wilson aghaghị ịdị na-president na a jupụtara ná nsogbu oge maka ụmụ mmadụ. Na 1914, ke Europe, Mbụ Agha Ụwa. Ná mmalite, ndị US President mere ihe niile kwere omume ghara ịkpatara ya mba na esemokwu na Old World. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-agbalị na-a truce n'etiti agha ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na ya amaghị na n'ihi okwu wee ihe ọ bụla ụzọ. Republicans kwere na President Vudro Vilson na-eme ka a ndudue, na-eduga a udo iwu, na mgbe niile katọrọ ya maka họọrọ mba ọzọ amụma.

Na May 1915, a German ụgbọ okpuru mmiri miri dị na liner "Lusitania", nke adaha Ireland n'okpuru British ọkọlọtọ. On osisi njem ụgbọ ahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke American ụmụ amaala (124 ndị mmadụ). Ọnwụ ha mere a flurry nke iwe na United States. Mgbe nke a nwunye, ọbụna ihe na-akatọ pacifism iwu e kwalitere site Vudro Vilson. Biography nke a statesman, ka ọ bụla ọzọ US president, jupụtara ngosipụta mgbe o nwere na-eme ka ike mkpebi. Ya mere nke a oge, na White House na choro na Germany akwụsị Inwe nkwuwa okpuru mmiri agha, n'ihi na nke furu efu "Lizitaniya". Ndị Germany nyere ụzọ. N'otu oge ahụ, Wilson gbalịrị ime ka ndị British amachi iro naval mgbochi. The esemokwu nke ukara Washington na London mere ka ụfọdụ jụrụ nke mmekọrịta ha.

Germany ịlụ agha

Ọ na-a mba ọzọ amụma na gburugburu ebe obibi na-a isi ihe na-president ntuli aka na 1916, na nke Wilson na-agba maka a abụọ okwu. Ya vootu dabeere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ ike na-United States ịba a isi agha. Isi-ama nke mbụ ihu bụ Republican nwa akwukwo Charlz Hyuz. Elections gosiri fọrọ nke nta hà na-ewu ewu na-emegide. Na ụfọdụ na-ekwu na kacha nta emeghasịkwa Hughes meriri ụfọdụ - Wilson. Na njedebe, ọ bụ na mmetụta ndị president jisiri anọgide na chọsiri ike inweta oche.

A ọnwa mgbe na-ewere ụlọ ọrụ, Wilson malitere nkwupụta nke agha megide Germany. Gịnị bụ ihe mere na a nkọ n'aka? Firstly, ndị Germany, n'agbanyeghị nkwa ha, ha nwere maliteghachiri okpuru mmiri agha na ọzọ na-eyi egwu American ụgbọ mmiri na ụmụ amaala na-aga Europe. Nke abuo, na British ọgụgụ isi intercepted a na-akpọ "ZIMMERMANN Telegram" ma nyefee ya ndị United States. Ihe kachasi mkpa na akwụkwọ ahụ bụ na ndị Germany na a gbara ha ume Mexico na-ekwusa agha ya n'ebe ugwu agbata obi ma ọ bụrụ na Washington ka ikpebi na-emegide ndị Reich. Telegram German Minista mba Artura Tsimmermana e bipụtara na pịa. Na United States ọzọ bubbled mgbochi German mmetụta. Megide a ndabere, Woodrow Wilson diplomacy ka sharply gbanwere ya N'ezie. April 6, 1917 na United States kwuru agha na German Alaeze Ukwu.

"Iri na anọ Points"

N'ụzọ bụ isi, Washington ukwuu gbasaa usoro ihe omume nke naval na ụba na enyemaka na ha na-arụkọ. Chie, na US adịghị sonyeere Entente, ma mee omume dị ka onye na-akpakọrịta na mba. All n'ihu ọrụ edu General Dzhon Pershing. Na October 1917, American agha nọ na France, na July 1918 - na Italy.

Wilson, n'aka, duru diplomacy. Ọ chepụtara ama "iri na anọ Points." Ọ bụ usoro ihe omume nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ụwa iji. Wilson-ele anya na-ewu a usoro nke mba mmekọahụ na nke o agha a ga-ebelata ka a kacha nta. Key solution, emejuputa dị na usoro ihe omume nke American president, bụ oruru nke League of Nations. Nke a mba nzukọ nke mbụ ya obiọma. Taa, eke precursor na United Nations na-ekwu. "Iri na anọ Points" e n'ihu ọha chepụtara January 8, 1918 na a okwu nke Vudro Vilson kwuru n'ihu Congress. Kwuru si ya ozugbo dara na niile isi akwụkwọ akụkọ.

Paris Peace Conference

US banyere agha megide Germany bụ ugbua na ikpeazụ ogbo nke ndị agha. Na November 1918, ndị Central Powers e mesịrị meriri, n'agbanyeghị na ha dị iche iche udo na Soviet Russia. Ma mmeri mba ndị na-ekpebi ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke mba mmekọahụ. N'ihi nke a ọ e nwere na Paris Peace Conference. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka kpọmkwem otu afọ - si January 1919 January 1920. M wee akụkụ na ya, na ndị American president. N'ihi na ọtụtụ ọnwa ulo Woodrow Wilson si Washington na Paris.

Na na ogbako e banyere ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta udo dị iche, mgbanwe ala na Europe, kere ọhụrụ na-ekwu, guzobere League of Nations. Ọ bụ ezie na initiator nke ya omume bụ aha nke American president, Sineti jụrụ tinyeaka nkwekọrịta na League of Nations (n'oge ahụ ka ọtụtụ ndị nwe ha na mmegide, ndị Republicans). N'ihi nke a paradoxical ọnọdụ - na mba n'ọgbakọ malitere ya ọrụ na-enweghị United States. O sina dị, ọ bụ Wilson na ya "iri na anọ Points" keere òkè bụ isi na Paris ogbako. Na 1919, Nobel Committee ọdịda nke US president maka ya udo Nobel Nrite.

Ozizi oha

Ke adianade ya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ, Vudro Vilson na-mara maka kere oge a usoro nke ndutịm oha nke USA. Na 1887, ka a prọfesọ, ọ tọrọ ntọala maka usoro iwu mmepe nke a nke. Wilson chepụtara ya echiche a agbapụ isiokwu, "The sayensị nke ọha nlekọta", nke e bipụtara na 1887.

Future US President nyochaa nsogbu na-eguzo n'ụzọ nke mgbanwe na ochichi mba. O kwuru na ọ bụla isi mgbanwe na steeti bụ n'ihi nke a ikwere n'etiti abụọ agha - ọchịchị na ọha na eze. N'otu oge Vudro Vilson mesiri: na-eme ka mkpa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpebi na-apụghị nyere ìgwè mmadụ ahụ, n'amaghị ọdịdị zuru oke nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị N'ezie nke mba ahụ na ya mba ọdịmma. Kama nke ahụ, na-ede akwụkwọ chọrọ a ozizi ọhụrụ na-emetụta echiche ọha na eze ka o doo ndị mmadụ na mkpa nke ụfọdụ mgbanwe.

Art ike nke ala nke mba tụnyere azụmahịa prọfesọ. Na ozi ya n'ụzọ dị ukwuu amụma. Ihe karịrị otu narị afọ mgbe Wilson isiokwu, ikeketeorie eduba a nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, nke site ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha ibu ọ dịghị ụzọ usụhọde ka mba ụfọdụ, ha na oru nwere ike a dị ịrịba ama mmetụta na ọha mmadụ. Ma ọ bụghị ihe dị na ọnụ ọgụgụ. Control ụzọ nke irè management nke ụlọ ọrụ na steeti manager n'ezie nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emekarị (karịsịa na aku na uba na akụrụngwa). N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, ị chọrọ iji nweta a ọkà otu nke na-akwado, na n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-ekesa ike inyocha na mmefu ego na asọmpi.

The na mmekọrịta nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndioru govanmenti

Wilson mkpa tesis bụ echiche nke nkewa nke ndutịm na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị management - mbụ ga-edina na n'ubu nke ndioru govanmenti, na nke abụọ iji nọgide na n'ime amaka nke "onye mbụ". Echiche a na-akwado site na a ma ama na American na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọkà mmụta sayensị na educator Frank Goodnow. Abụọ theorists ise a doro anya ókè-ala n'etiti ndị ọchịchị na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na kweere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha ga-dabere na ụkpụrụ nke irubere. Otu aghaghị irubere ndị ọzọ. Na ikpe nke na-achịkwa nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'elu bureaucrats na-enweghị ike na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ga-eme ya ọrụ n'ụzọ dị irè.

Vudro Vilson na Frank Goodnow kwalitere echiche na mmekọrịta a ana achi achi na mmepe nke ochichi onye kwuo uche. Ke kpuchie nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha na-edu ndú na iwu kọwaa isi eme nke ọchịchị. Na ndabere nke a niile adian management Ozizi Woodrow Wilson mbụ gbalịrị ime ka a mata isiokwu na-aza ajụjụ banyere ihe kwesịrị ịbụ irè management na nkà mmụta sayensị na management. Ọ dịkwa mkpa na-ede akwụkwọ nke echiche ekpuchikwa mkpa nke echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ala.

Ọnwụ na ketara

1919 Wilson ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị na-akpata nchekasị. Ọ bụ mgbe niile na-akpụ akpụ na gburugburu ụwa, e ifịk ke nzukọ, ọ gbara Sineti iji tinyeaka nkwekọrịta nke accession na League of Nations. Against ndabere nke nchekasị na ike ọgwụgwụ Wilson kụrụ a ọrịa strok. Na October 1919, ọ kpọnwụrụ na n'aka ekpe nke ahu, Ọzọkwa, otu nwoke kpuru ìsì na onye anya. N'ezie, ebe ọ bụ na president ghọrọ nkwarụ. Tupu ọgwụgwụ nke ike ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ nke onye mbụ dara n'ubu nke ndị ndụmọdụ ya. Dị ka n'usoro ochichi, Vice President Thomas Marshall nwere ike na-post nke-isi, ma ọ bụghị na-aga a nzọụkwụ.

Na March 1921, Wilson hapụrụ White House. President bụ a Republican Uorren Garding. New home of Woodrow Wilson bụ na Washington. The ike nke ya, ụbọchị ya, bụbu president nọrọ n'èzí na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ihi ya ọnọdụ ya ẹse bu. Wilson nwụrụ na February 3, 1924.

Americans kpọrọ ebe nchekwa nke ya 28th president. Na 1968, Congress guzobere International Research Center nke Woodrow Wilson. Na a pụrụ iche omume nke na alụmdi na a kpọwo a 'na-ebi ncheta "Memory president. The nnyocha center ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ, nke akporo nke bụ a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị - a isiokwu nke Wilson bụ akwụkwọ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke elu usoro iwu echiche.