French King Francis II na Mary Stuart

N'ọdịnihu King Francis II A mụrụ ndị ezinụlọ Henry II (1519-1559) na Ekateriny Medichi (1519-1589). Ọ mere na nke iri na otu di na nwunye kpuwere ụzọ, January 19, 1544. The nwa aha mgbe nna nna ya, Francis I. N'ihi na eziokwu na Catherine o nwebeghị ike ga-amụ onye nketa, ọ wepụrụ si eze, bụ onye bi na ya mmasị Diane de Poitiers.

babyhood

Francis II toro Saint-Germain Obí. Ọ bụ obi nke a Paris esịt na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Seine. The nwa baptizim February 10, 1544 na Fontainebleau. King-nna nna n'otu knighted ya. Godparents ghọrọ Pope Paul III na nwanne mama Margarita Navarrskaya.

Na 1546, nwa ọhụrụ na ghọrọ gọvanọ Languedoc, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị natara aha Dauphin, mgbe ọnwụ nke nna nna ya na nna, Henry II ghọrọ eze. The nwa nwere ọtụtụ mentors, gụnyere a Greek ọkà mmụta sayensị si Naples. The tọrọ nketa-amụ na-agba egwú na ngere (ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ezi àgwà n'oge ahụ).

alụmdi na nwunye na nzukọ

Mkpa bụ ajụjụ nke aka na n'ihu nke usoro ndị eze. Henry II kpebiri na nwa ya ga-enweta ya na nwunye ya Mary Stuart - Queen of Scotland. Ọ mụrụ on December 8, 1542, na site na nke mbụ ụbọchị natara ya na aha, n'ihi na mgbe ahụ ọnwụ nke nna ya, James V. N'ezie, n'ihi na ọ na-achị ezigbo ikwu nke Dzheyms Gamilton (Earl nke Arran).

Ezie na okpukpe ajụjụ ya dị njọ. France na Scotland ndị Catholic mba. England merie ha Protestant chọọchị. Ya mere, ndị ọchịchị nke mba atọ bụ bụghị ọtụtụ nke a ọsọ ọsọ na-agba ná njikọ aka. Mgbe Scotland akpatre merie ndị "French" ọzọ, ndị a ma ama a kpebiri inye obere queen nke Dauphin si Paris. The initiator nke a n'otu ghọrọ Cardinal Devid Biton, onye asuan Hamilton.

N'otu oge ahụ na mba na mberede wakporo site British agha. Catholic ụka e bibiri, na nwoke onye oru ugbo ala na-emebi. Protesters haziri onye ụjọ megide Scottish ma ama, na-achọghị ime ka ohere ụfọdụ ebe ndịda ya onye agbata obi. N'ikpeazụ regents Maria tụgharịa maka enyemaka iji France. E nwere agha n'ọnọdụ nkwa nke alụmdi na nwunye. Na August 1548 Maria, onye dị tụgharịa afọ ise, nọdụ na ụgbọ mmiri gaa n'ọdịnihu di.

Agbamakwụkwọ nke Maria Stuart

Girl, ihe ndị ọzọ, bụkwa nwa nwa Claude de guise - ọgbọ nke France na otu onye nke kasị akpa a ma ama na mba. O weere na-elekọta ya na enyemaka na ikpe ruo ọnwụ ya, adakwasịla na venerable nobleman na 1550. The nwunye na-esikarị ogologo n'ihi afọ ndụ ya, mgbe François II, on Kama nke ahụ, na-ji ala ibu. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Henry II-iwu mmasị, o wee sị na afọ ojuju, na umu-eji ọ bụla ọzọ n'elu oge.

The agbamakwụkwọ wee ebe April 24, 1558. The ọhụrụ alụmdi na nwunye pụtara na na-eme n'ọdịnihu ụmụ ndị di na nwunye ga-enwe ike ikpokọta oche-eze nke Scotland na France n'okpuru otu mkpanaka. Ọzọkwa, Mary bụ oké-nwa nwa Eze Henry VII. Eziokwu a ga-enye ya na ụmụ ya a ezi ihe mere a ga-achọ ka ocheeze London. Ruo ọnwụ ya, Francis II nọgidere eze nwunye nke Scotland. Utu aha a na-enyeghị ndị ezigbo ike, ma nwetara ọnọdụ nke onye na-achị nwunye. Ma di na nwunye mgbe nwere ụmụ nke ha obere alụmdi na nwunye. Nke a bụ n'ihi na-eto eto afọ nke Dauphin na o kwere omume ọrịa.

-anọchi

Sonso a afọ mgbe agbamakwụkwọ (10 July 1559) Francis II of Valois ghọrọ eze n'ihi na nke nnwụchu ọnwụ nke nna ya. Henry II na-eme ememe agbamakwụkwọ nke otu n'ime ụmụ ya ndị inyom na omenala mere ndokwa joust. King agha na otu nke ndị ọbịa - Gabriel de Montgomery. Ọnụ ube mebiri na shei nke Henry na ya egbugbu bụ gọvanọ na anya. The ọnya owụt egbu dị ka akpata mbufụt. King nwụrụ, n'agbanyeghị na aka ya nyere ihe kasị mma dọkịta na Europe, tinyere Andreas Vezaly (nchoputa nke oge a na Mmebe ozizi). Ọ na-kweere na ọnwụ nke Henry e buru n'amụma Nostradamus, onye, na mberede, ka dị ndụ n'oge ahụ.

September 21, 1559 Francis II of Valois e kpuwere na Reims. The ememe nke na-ebikwasị okpueze nyere Cardinal Charles de guise. Okpueze bụ otú arọ na ụlọikpe ahụ na-akwado ya. Charles bụ otu n'ime ndị regents na a par na ụmụnne papa of Mary of guise obiọma. Ọ bụkwa oké mmetụta na nne nyere, Ekaterina Medichi. The eto eto edidem nọrọ niile ya mapụtara oge na ntụrụndụ: ịchụ nta, haziri tournaments na-aga na-atọ ọchị na ha obí eze.

Ya ịla azụ amụ n'ime metụtara ikwu ọbụna ihe ịkpatawo iro dịrị n'etiti dị iche iche nna ikpe, agụụ ike ngosipụta nke ezigbo ike. Giza, nke n'ezie ghọrọ iwu nke mba na-eche ihu esịtidem nsogbu ka oké osimiri, ọ bụla nke na-karịrị nke ọzọ.

Nsogbu na-atụnye

Nke mbụ bụ a ego nke. Francis II na Mary Stuart nwetara ocheeze mgbe ọtụtụ oké ọnụ agha na Habsburgs, malitere gara aga Valois. The ala gbaziri ego si mmiri, nke rụpụtara na ụgwọ nke 48 nde franc, mgbe ndị eze na-edebe akụ maka afọ natara naanị 12 nde ego.

N'ihi nke a, Giza malitere achụso a iwu nke ego ego, nke bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị mere ha asị na ọha mmadụ. Ke adianade do, ụmụnna ewepụta ego agha. The agha n'ozuzu-ebelata, na ọtụtụ ndị agha efu ha n'ọrụ ha, na mgbe ahụ nri n'ime na-apụnara mmadụ ma ọ bụ na-ekere òkè n'agha okpukpe, Irite Uru Site see okwu nke niile megide niile. Enweghị m obi ụtọ na mbara èzí ahụ, enwekwaghị ha okomoko.

mba ọzọ amụma

Na mba ọzọ amụma, Francis II na ndị ndụmọdụ ya nwara ịnọgide mgbalị iji na-akwalite ma na-enwe udo nke soro njedebe nke Italian Wars. Ọ bụ a usoro nke ọgụ egbe, ndinyanade mbịne na nkeji si 1494 na 1559. Henry II obere oge tupu ọnwụ kwubiri Kato Kambreziysky ụwa. The nkwekọrịta ẹkewetde nke abụọ akwụkwọ.

The mbụ nkwekọrịta e banyere na Queen of England Elizabeth I. Dị ka ya, n'ihi na France e ofu weghaara Calais seaside, ma n'ọnọdụ, Paris aghaghị ịkwụ ụgwọ 500,000 okpueze. Otú ọ dị, Giza, chere ihu na a uka nke ụgwọ na mba, kpebiri na ya agaghị enye ego maka ebe e wusiri ike. Oge egosiwo na 500 000 ECU nọgidere na na akwụkwọ, mgbe ndị na nsị owụt onwunwe na France. Ọ dịghị onye na-emegide, tinyere Francis II. Biography nke-eto eto eze na-ekwu okwu na-agbasi banyere ihe ọ na-amasị ibute ụzọ n'aka ha.

territorial ohere

The abụọ nkwekọrịta, bịanyere aka na Cateau-Cambrésis, ná mma France na Spain. Ọ bụ ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu mgbu. France ka furu efu nnukwu ebe. O nyere ndị Habsburgs Thionville, Marienburg, Luxembourg, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ ebe ke Charolais na Artois. Duke nke Savoy (Spain mmekorita) natara site Paris, Savoy, Piedmont. Republic of Genoa gara Corsica.

Francis enweghị oke ma ime nkwekọrịta nkebi ahịrịokwu, nke a haziri site nna-ya, n'ihi ihe Spain akpatre were ndị na-eduga itie ke Old World, mgbe France ji site esịtidem esemokwu, nwere ike ime ihe ọ bụla iji kwụsị a.

Ọzọ na-akpali uche nke nkwekọrịta bụ na Emmanuel Philibert (Onyeisi obodo Savoy) lụrụ di na nwunye nwanne mama Francis, Margaret. Nke a alụmdi na nwunye ama na e mezuru n'oge ọchịchị nke nwa eze. Ọzọ agbamakwụkwọ weere ọnọdụ n'etiti Philip nke Spain, nwanne Francis - Elizabeth.

Ọzọkwa n'oge ọchịchị nke Francis wee na ogologo mkparita uka na Spanish okpueze na-repatriation nke ndi edoro na mbe na abụọ nke ókè-ala. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ.

N'otu oge ahụ na Scotland nsogbu malitere nwenụ Protestant megide French regents. The ukara okpukpe gbanwere, mgbe ahụ niile ndị Paris oru ngwa ngwa hapụrụ mba.

okpukpe agha

Brothers Giza ndị fanatical Katọlik. Ha butere a ọhụrụ ife nke ada megide protesters, onye bi na France. Nke a na ezu kwere eze François II, nyere aga na-n'ihu na nnwere onwe nke edinam deede nke nwunye ya. Huguenot chua ruo mgbe uka igbu. N'ebe ha na-n'ọgbakọ na e bibiri, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ndị na-otiti n'ogige ahụ.

Katọlik na-emegide ihe ndị Protestant na otu, nke na-ama ndị ndú ha na n'obí ya. Ha bụ ndị ikwu dị anya nke na-achị Antuana De Bourbon (King of Navarre, a obere ugwu) na Lyudovika Konde. Ha na-akpọ "Blood Prince" (ya bu na ha so na Capetian usoro ndị eze, nke na-agụnye akara Valois).

Ambauzsky ibé

Na March 1560 na Huguenots omume omume nke ndị Katọlik haziri Ambauzsky izu ọjọọ. Ọ bụ mgbalị ẹkemụm Francis mkpọrọ na-amanye ya ka asọ guise ụmụnna. Otú ọ dị, tupu nke atụmatụ we mata ihe n'obí na gbabara Ambauze - A obodo na Loire, na bụ obi nke France. Ma, nkekọta kpebiri iwere a ohere. Ha kụrụ afọ n'ala, ndị mwakpo e gburu mkpọrọ.

Nke a mere ka a ife nke mkpagbu nke ndị Protestant. Ha gburu fọrọ nke nta na-enweghị ikpe. Antuan De Bourbon na Lyudovik Konde e jidere na ebubo na izu ọjọọ. Ha a zọpụtara naanị site na eziokwu na ha guzo maka nne eze Ekaterina Medichi. Ọ, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị oké ozu n'azụ ya, bụ agafeghị oke n'ihe metụtara okpukpe, ma na-agbalị iru a ikwere n'etiti ndị Katọlik na ndị Huguenots. Ọ bụ na December 1560.

ná mma Policy

Mgbe dị agụụ mmekọahụ okpukpe iwu ghọrọ softer, nke ratified Francis 2. Ọchịchị ya ji eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị mkpọrọ niile a tọhapụrụ site okpukpe. Ebe ọ bụ na oge nke Henry II bụ nke mbụ enyemaka. Na May 1560, iwu e nyere, onye banyere Francis II. Duke nke Brittany (otu nke ya ọtụtụ utu aha) maka oge mbụ kwuru okwu banyere nnwere onwe nke akọ na uche.

Na April, na Queen Nne nke France mara ọkwa chancelo Michel de l'Hôpital. Ọ bụ a ma ama gọọmenti, na-ede uri na humanist oge. Writer bipụtara poems na Latin, nke ṅomie oge ochie Horace. Nna ya jere ozi tupu Charles de Bourbon. Anagide Michelle malitere achụso a iwu nke ndidi. N'ihi na mkparịta ụka n'etiti ndị agha nkwuputa na kpọkọrọ ndị States General (oge mbụ na 67 afọ). N'oge na mgbe iwu na-gafere, nke mere de L'Hôpital. O wepụrụ ọnwụ ugwo maka mpụ megide okpukpe. The ike nke na-eme nke iwu nọgidere na osisi, onye ihu ya Francis II. Children n'ocheeze malitere ịga nke ọma ọ bụla ọzọ dị ka maa mma coquette agbanwe uwe.

Francis na akara aka nke ọnwụ nke Mary

Francis II - King of France - ike na-esochi nke ihe ndị a. The ntị ama mberede kpụrụ a fistula kpatara egbu ure anụ ahụ. December 5, 1560 16-afọ edidem agabigawo na Orleans. Ọ rịgooro ocheeze esonụ nwa Henry II - Charles X.

Francis Mary Stuart nwunye laghachi n'ụlọ ha mba, ebe site na mgbe ndị Protestant meriri. Ha faction choro na-eto eto na queen okpukpu na ndị Roman Church. The girl jisiri awụgharị n'etiti abụọ ọzọ ndị agha ruo mgbe e napụ nke ocheeze 1567, mgbe ahụ, gbagara England. N'ebe ahụ, ọ nọ na-ejide na Elizabeth Tudor. Plaid e chọpụtara na akpachapụghị ozi na a Catholic gị n'ụlọnga na onye ọ achikota mgbalị na Queen of England. N'ihi ya, Mary na e gburu na 1587 na afọ 44 na afọ.