Winter rye: general nkọwa

Winter rye dị oké mkpa nri na nri akuku, nke na-agụnye a nnukwu ego nke protein (ruo 15 percent) na carbon (81 percent). Ke adianade do, ya mkpụrụ vitamin A, B, na E. Site ntụ ọka ime rye achịcha, na ndu uru na caloric ọdịnaya karịa wheat Ẹkot. Isi agronomic mkpa nke omenala, nke mbụ, bụ nke ruru ya-eto ngwa ngwa ma na elu tillering ọ bụ ike n'ụzọ dị irè-ebelata ata. Rye bran, ọka na ntụ ọka a na-eji n'ụdị a lekwasị ndepụta, nke bụ usụhọde perennial grasses na àgwà. Ke adianade do, oyi rye na-eji oru nzube. More kpọmkwem, ọ nwere ike esichara na molasses mmanya na starch, na site na ahịhịa na-emepụta pulp na acetic acid.

Culture e hiwere site a ahihia na infests wheat n'ubi. Ebe mbido na-atụle Southeast Asia na Caucasus. Na Ukraine, oyi rye mbụ pụtara gburugburu puku afọ mbụ BC, na mbụ e kwuru banyere cultivation na ókèala nke Russia ụbọchị azụ ka narị afọ nke itoolu. Ugbu a ya cultivation bụ zuru ebe nile, ọ bụghị nanị na anyị na mba ma na-na US na Western Europe. N'agbanyeghị nke a, na ụwa-on-afọ nile n'etiti ndi nile cereal ubi rye na-emi odude na onye nke ikpeazụ ebe. The ebe nke ya kwa afọ akuku bụ banyere iri nde hectare. Mgbe na-eto eto na rye tụụrụ Ona na na iwebata a zuru ezu ego nke fatịlaịza ọ na-enye ezi zaa (ruo 20 quintals kwa hectare). N'otu oge ahụ, jiri ya tụnyere ihe wheat a ọnụ ọgụgụ banyere ọkara obere.

Ugbu a okwu ole na ole banyere mgbe kụrụ oyi rye. Nke a na-eme na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe nkezi okpomọkụ bụ banyere iri na ise degrees. Na nke a, ihe na-erughị yiri ka a mebiri site nje, na omenala onwe ya mma gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ. Crops nwere ike idi ntu oyi nke 25 degrees. Germination-amalite ime na ala ọbụna na 2 degrees nke okpomọkụ na enyi na enyi Ome ii mgbe okpomọkụ bụ 10 degrees. Ekele ya na-mepụtara mgbọrọgwụ usoro nke oyi rye eburu ọbụna spring oké ọkọchị. Ọzọkwa, n'oge nke ha ibu omenala na-adịghị nnọọ achọ na iru mmiri, otú ahụ na-mepụtara na ogologo mmiri ozuzo, na okpomọkụ. Ọ bụghị choosy na ala ụdị. Rye ejikari-etolite ọbụna na aja na nweghị ike ọmụmụ ala. Tụnyere ndị ọzọ n'ubi ya mma amịkọrọ site na potassium kpọmkwem site n'ala.

The kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na anyị na-enwe tetraploid na diploid iche oyi rye. Ihe dị iche n'etiti ha dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke chromosomes na-eme ka somatic mkpụrụ ndụ nke osisi. Nke mbụ nke a umu pụtara dịtụ na-adịbeghị anya na nwere 28 chromosomes. Ma nke abụọ, mgbe ahụ, ọ nwere 14 chromosomes. More nile diploid iche. The kasị ewu ewu na nke ha na-dị ka Niva, Will na Boguslavka. The otu kwuru tetraploid September Puhovchanku na Drevlyane.