Life na Works nke Prokofiev

Man onu na-egbuke egbuke odo akpụkpọ ụkwụ, checkered, na-acha uhie uhie-epe tie, na-ebu a na ike na-eme - mere kọwara Prokofiev Sviatoslav Richter, oké Russian pianist. Nke a bụ nkọwa nwere ike ịbụ mma ruru eru ka àgwà nke onye dere na ya music. Creativity Prokofiev - bụ akụ trove nke music na anyị na mba omenala, ma ndụ nke onye dere na-adịghị ala na-akpali. Gaa West na mmalite nke mgbanwe na-biri n'ebe ahụ ruo afọ 15, onye dere ghọrọ otu n'ime ole na ole "lọghachirinụ", na tụgharịa si ya miri emi ọdachi.

Sergeya Prokofeva creativity gaghị ekwe omume ichikota: o dere a otutu music, na-arụ ọrụ kpamkpam dị iche iche Genres, sitere na site na obere piano iberibe na-agwụcha music maka fim. Apụghị ịbịanyụ abịanyụ ume mgbe niile n'ịgba ya dị iche iche nwere, na ọbụna cantata otuto Stalin, masịrị ya nke ukwuu amamiihe music. Bụ na a egwu maka bassoon na eti egwú nke ndiife nwere bụghị Prokofiev. Biography na-arụ ọrụ nke uku a Russian dere ga-atụle n'isiokwu a.

Nwata na mbụ nzọụkwụ ke music

Sergei Prokofiev A mụrụ 1891 n'ime obodo nke Sontsovka Ekaterinoslav n'ógbè. Site na nwata, anyị kọwaa abụọ nke ya atụmatụ: nnọọ onwe ha ọdịdị na irresistible agụụ maka music. Mgbe ọ dị afọ ise enye ama malitere ide a obere obere iberibe n'ihi piano, 11 dere ihe a ụmụ opera "The Giant", bu n'obi ka ogwe aka n'ụlọ nkiri mgbede. Ekem, ke Sontsovka ọ atara-eto eto, mgbe ahụ ka na-amaghị dere Reinhold Glier kụziere nwa okoro mbụ nkà, na compositional Usoro nke na-akpọ piano. Glier bụ ezigbo onye nkụzi, n'okpuru nduzi ya, Prokofiev jupụtara ọtụtụ nchekwa na ha ọhụrụ ikwọ. Na 1903, a nile akụ na ụba, o wee na-abanye na St. Petersburg Conservatory. Rimsky-Korsakov masịrị dị otú ahụ na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na ozugbo debara aha ya na ya na klas.

Afọ nke ọzụzụ na St. Petersburg Conservatory

Na Prokofiev Conservatory amụ mejupụtara na kwekọrọ na Rimsky-Korsakova m U Liadov, na-akpọ piano - na Esipova. Na;, ịmata ihe, nkọ, ọbụna caustic ire, ọ na-aghọ bụghị naanị a otutu enyi, ma ndị iro. N'oge a ọ na-amalite na-edu ya a ma ama-edetu, nke ga-akwụsị naanị na aga na USSR, akowaputara ede fọrọ nke nta ụbọchị ọ bụla nke ndụ ya. Prokofiev bụ mmasị na ihe niile, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ihe niile o were cheesi. Ọ pụrụ iguzo ruo ọtụtụ awa tournaments, na-ekiri egwuregwu nna ukwu, na o jikwa na mpaghara ebe a dị ịrịba ama na-enwe ọganihu karịa incredibly mpako.

Piano ọrụ nke Prokofiev e gbakwunyere na oge nke mbụ na nke abụọ Sonata na mbụ egwu maka piano na egwú. onye dere ụdị a kọwara ozugbo - a ọhụrụ, ika ọhụrụ, obi ike na obi ike nọ. O yiri ka nwere dịghị ụzọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-anọchi. N'ezie, ọ bụ na-abụghị ikpe. Isiokwu Creativity Prokofiev pụta a mkpirikpi ma mụọ ọmụmụ nke ukwuu mmepe nke Russian music, ezi uche iso ụzọ malitere site Mussorgsky, Dargomyzhsky na Borodin. Ma, refracted na a siri ike n'uche, Sergei Sergeyevich, ha nyere ịrị elu a pụrụ iche musical asụsụ.

Etinye obi gị dum na quintessence nke Russian, ọbụna Sitia spirit, Prokofiev kere-eme omume na-ege ntị ka a oyi ịsa, na-eme a ike ike ụtọ ma ọ bụ mkporomaasi perturbed. Ọ n'ụzọ nkịtị mebiri n'ime ndị music ụwa - na St. Petersburg Conservatory, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dị ka a pianist na andiwet, na-egwu na ikpeazụ na ule ya First Piano concerto. The Commission, na ihu nke Rimsky-Korsakov, Liadov na ndị ọzọ ukwuu site na-eme, dissonant chords na-eti na ntụpọ, energetic, ọbụna obi n'ụzọ nke ebre. Otú ọ dị, ha enweghị ike ịghọta na ha na-enwe a dị ike onu na music. Evaluation of High Commission ise na atọ uru.

The nleta mbụ Europe

Dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ maka ihe ịga nke ọma ẹkụre Conservatory Sergey enweta site a njem London nna. N'ebe a, o wee anya maara Diaghilev, onye ozugbo enyocha na a na-eto eto dere nke ịrịba ama talent. Ọ na-enyere Prokofiev ndokwa njegharị na Rome na Naples, ma na-enye na iji dee balet. N'ihi ya mụrụ "ala na Lollius". The ibé Diaghilev jụrụ n'ihi na nke "banality" ma nye ndụmọdụ oge ọzọ dee ihe on a Russian isiokwu. Prokofiev malitere ọrụ na balet "The Akụkọ nke jester, jesters asaa pereshutivshego" ma n'otu oge malitere na-agbalị aka ya na-ede ihe opera. Kanvas nke akwụkwọ a họọrọ maka ibé Dostoevsky "The-agba chaa chaa", a na nwata mmasị andiwet.

Adịla na-eleghara Prokofiev na ya mmasị ngwá. Na 1915, ọ malitere ide piano iberibe okirikiri "anaghị adịte aka", oghere na in-a me onyinye, nke mbụ ke "andiwet-edu" amaghị onye ọ bụla. Lyrics Prokofiev - a pụrụ iche isiokwu. Incredibly emetụ na obi, nke yi uwe a doro anya, ọma chere-mkpa udidi, ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ime ihe niile captivates na ya mfe. Creativity Prokofiev gosiri na ọ bụ oké melodist ma ọ bụghị naanị a mbibi nke omenala.

Esenidụt oge Sergei Prokofiev ndụ

N'eziokwu, kwagara Prokofiev bụ. Na 1918, ọ kpọkuru Lunacharsky, mgbe ahụ mmadụ Commissar of Education, na-arịọ maka ikike ịga mba ọzọ. E nyere ya a paspọtụ ma na-akwado akwụkwọ dịghị ngafe, nke na nzube nke njem e wepụtara oruru nke omenala mmekọahụ na ahụ ike mmeghari. onye dere nne dịwo anya na Russia, Sergei Sergeyevich nyere ọtụtụ nchegbu dị ka ogologo dị ka ọ na-eme ka ya na Europe.

Ná mmalite, Prokofiev gara America. Dị nnọọ a ọnwa ole na ole na-abịa dị ka ndị ọzọ oké Russian pianist na andiwet - Sergei Rachmaninoff. The ndorondoro so ya Prokofiev isi ọrụ na mbụ. Rachmaninoff ozigbo nnọọ ama na America, na Prokofiev ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-eme ememe ya ọ bụla ịga nke ọma. Ya mmekọrita na agadi onye otu bụ nnọọ mbuaha. The diaries nke rọrọ a nkịtị aha Sergei Vasilievich. N'ịchọpụta ya ịrịba pianism na-enwe ekele maka àgwà nke egwú, Prokofiev chere na Rachmaninoff gabiga ókè idaba na-amasị nke ọha na eze na ole na ole na-ede ya music. Sergey mere n'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ nke ndụ ya na mpụga nke Russia dere dị nnọọ nta. The oge mbụ mgbe biri n'ala ọzọ, ọ nọ na a miri emi ma na ruo ogologo oge nke ịda mbà n'obi, na-ata ahụhụ site na nnukwu nostalgia. Sergeya Prokofeva creativity dị ka o yiri, na-ata ahụhụ site na a enweghị nkwurịta okwu na motherland. Ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ amamihe.

Life na Works nke Prokofiev na America na Europe

On a njem Europe, Prokofiev ọzọ osobo na Diaghilev, nke gwara ya ka rework music nke "The Jester". Ikpo nke a balet me ka onye dere mbụ na-akpali akpali nke ọma ná mba ọzọ. Nke a sochiri site ama opera "Ịhụnanya maka Three oroma", nke bụ njem nke otu play encores dị ka C-nkọ-obere buteere Rachmaninoff. Nke a oge, Prokofiev merie America - premiere nke opera "Ịhụnanya maka Three oroma" Ẹkenịm ke Chicago. Ma ndị a na ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emekarị. Kemmeochi, mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na satirical - ka ihe atụ, na "Ịhụnanya", ebe Prokofiev eleezie etinye na-eze ume ihunanya dị ka a na-adịghị ike na-arịa ọrịa na-agụ akụkọ - ha gush a Prokofiev ike.

Na 1923 onye dere biri na Paris. Ebe o zutere a mara mma na-eto eto na-agụ egwú Linoy Kodinoy (ogbo aha Lina Lubero), bụ onye mesịrị ga-aghọ nwunye ya. Gụrụ akwụkwọ, nụchara anụcha, pụtara mma, Spaniard ozugbo dọtara uche nke ndị ọzọ. Mmekọrịta ya na Sergei ghọrọ usoro bụ nnọọ ezigbo. N'ihi na a ogologo oge na ọ chọghị ka yie ndị ziri ezi mmekọrịta ha, na-ewere na onye na-ese ga-free si ọ bụla ọrụ. Ha lụrụ di na nwunye na mgbe Lina ahụ dị ime. Ọ bụ nnọọ na-ghar di na nwunye Lina ọ dịghị ụzọ usụhọde ka Prokofiev - ọ na-agaghị ọdịdị nke onwe, ọ dịghị oké ọchịchọ. N'etiti ha, mgbe mgbe, esemokwu, ndị a obi ná mma. Na nraranye na ezi obi nke mmetụta Lina pụtara ìhè site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ na-abụghị nanị sochiri Sergey na onye ọzọ maka mba ya, ma na-na-ala nke na-aṅụ a cup nke Soviet n'usoro iwu, kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi ruo dere ruo ọnwụ ya, na-na nwunye ya na-elekọta ya ketara.

Sergeya Prokofeva creativity mgbe nwetara a ịrịba echiche ọjọọ na ihunanya n'akụkụ. Si ya pen wee opera "The Ọkụ Angel" by Bryusov si akwụkwọ. A gbarụọ ochie agwa kpọfere music na-enyemaka nke ndị gbara ọchịchịrị, Wagnerian harmonies. Ọ bụ ahụmahụ ọhụrụ n'ihi na a dere, na o ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-arụ ọrụ na nke a mpempe. Dị ka mgbe niile, o mere ya n'ụzọ zuru okè. Themed opera ihe onwunwe e mesịrị na-eji na atọ Symphony, otu n'ime ndị kasị overtly ihunanya ọrụ, nke bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-agụnye Prokofiev andiwet.

ikuku ọbịa n'ala

Ndị na-akpata nke dere nloghachi na Soviet Union nwere a ole na ole. The ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke Sergeya Prokofeva mgbọrọgwụ e jikọọ Russia. Mgbe ibi ná mba ọzọ n'ihi na 10 afọ, ọ malitere iche na ikuku mba ọzọ nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na ọnọdụ ya. Ọ mgbe niile kwekọrọ na enyi ya, onye dere N. Ya. Myaskovskim fọdụrụ Russia, razuznavaya ọnọdụ n'ụlọ. N'ezie, ndị ọchịchị Soviet mere ihe niile kwere omume na-azụ Prokofiev. Ọ dị mkpa na-eme ka mba ugwu. Iji ya mgbe nile-eziga maka nzube omenala ọrụ ágbá akọwa otú ọdịnihu na-eche ya n'ụlọ.

Na 1927 Prokofiev mere njem mbụ na Soviet Union. Ha nakweere ya jiri ịnụ ọkụ n'obi. Na Europe, n'agbanyeghị ịga nke ọma ya ọrụ, a kwesịrị ekwesị nghọta na ọmịiko o nwere ike ịchọta. Ịma aka na Rachmaninoff na Stravinsky na-bụghị mgbe niile kpebiri na ihu ọma nke Prokofiev, na ghewere nganga ya ewute. Na Russia, ọ na-enwe olileanya na ihe ọ kọrọ - a ezi nghọta nke ya music. Ọkụ welcome dọgburu site onye dere na njem ya na 1927 na 1929, ya mere ka ichesi echiche ike banyere ikpeazụ nloghachi. Karịsịa ndị enyi nke Russia na akwụkwọ ozi obi ụtọ kọọrọ otú magburu onwe ya ga-bi na obodo councils. The naanị onye na-emeghị azụ aka Prokofiev si alọta, bụ Myaskovsky. The ikuku nke 30s nke narị afọ nke 20 malitere ịchịkọta n'elu isi-ha, na ọ maara na o nwere ike na-eche maka dere n'ezie. Otú ọ dị, na 1934, Prokofiev were mkpebi ikpeazụ na-abịa azụ n'ime Union.

Homecoming

Prokofiev nnọọ n'eziokwu aghọta Kọmunist echiche, ebe ha bụ ndị ọchịchọ iwu a ọhụrụ, free ọha. Ọ rịọrọ ndị mmụọ nke ịha nhata na mgbochi bourgeois, onye nlezianya na-akwado obodo echiche ndị Nazi. Ọ dị mma na-ekwu na ọtụtụ Soviet ndị mmadụ na-akọrọ ndị a echiche, kwa, ezi hoo haa. Ọ bụ ezie na eziokwu na Prokofiev si edetu, nke o punctually mere n'oge niile aga afọ, etịbede anya dị nnọọ na mbata na Russia, na-eme ka ị na-eche, ọ bụ Prokofiev amaghị nke iru eru nke ndị ọchịchị iji chebe nche nke USSR. Atugharị, a chọpụtara na Soviet ọchịchị na-eguzosi ike n'ihe ya, ọ bụ ezie na niile na-ọma ghọtara.

Otú ọ dị, ndị obodo ahụ ikuku nwere a mụọ ọmụmụ nke ukwuu mmetụta na-arụ ọrụ nke Prokofiev. Dị ka onye dere ya, ọ chọrọ ozugbo o kwere omume iso na-arụ ọrụ nke Soviet na-achị. Maara na director Sergeem Eyzenshteynom, o ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-ewe ndị ọrụ na music maka film "Alexander Nevsky". The ihe onwunwe bụ ya mere onwe-zuru ezu, ọ bụ ugbu a rụrụ na concerts ka a cantata. Na nke a jupụtara ịhụ mba n'anya upsurge ọrụ onye dere na ya n'anya na nganga kwupụta ndị ya.

Na 1935, Prokofiev dechara otu nke kasị mma nke ọrụ ya - na balet "Romeo na Juliet". Otú ọ dị, na-ege ntị hụrụ ya anya. Nnyocha jụrụ balet n'ihi a obi ụtọ, nke bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na mbụ Shakespeare, na dancers na choreographers nwere mkpesa na music bụ adabara na-agba egwú. New plastic psychologization mmegharị, nke choro ndị egwú asụsụ nke balet, na ozugbo ghọtara. The mbụ arụmọrụ ada itie ke Czechoslovakia na 1938, na USSR, na-ege ntị hụrụ ya na 1940 mgbe starring Galina Ulanova na Konstantin Sergeyev. Ha jisiri ike ịhụ isi ihe na-aghọta asụsụ nke ogbo mmegharị na music nke Prokofiev na ekele a balet. Ka-atụle ga-kasị mma ngosi Ulanova ka Juliet.

"Ụmụaka" okike Prokofiev

Na 1935 Sergey ọnụ na ya na ezinụlọ ya na mbụ gara Ụmụaka Musical Ụlọ ihe nkiri n'okpuru nduzi nke N. Sats. Prokofiev weghaara ihe na ogbo bụ ihe na-erughị ya ndikom. Ọ ama sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ na echiche na-arụ ọrụ na otu genre na ọ anya dere a musical akụkọ ifo "Peter na Wolf." Na N'ezie nke ihe nke play okorobịa nwere ohere matakwuo na ụda nke dị iche iche ngwá egwú. Prokofiev si creativity maka ụmụaka na-agụnye ndị song "ekwu okwu efu" na poems Agnes Barto na ụlọ "Winter ọkụ." Dere hụrụ n'anya na ụmụ nke ukwuu ma jiri obi ụtọ dere music maka na-ege ntị.

Ọgwụgwụ nke 1930s: na mwute themes na ọrụ nke onye dere

Ná ngwụsị nke 30s nke narị afọ nke 20 musical creativity Prokofiev e jupụtara na nchegbu intonations. Nke a bụ chi atọ n'ime ya piano sonatas, na-akpọ "agha" - The isii, asaa na asatọ. Ha e dechara n'oge dị iche iche: Six sonatas - na 1940, nke asaa - na 1942, asatọ - na 1944, ma na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ndị a na-dere malitere ihe n'otu oge - na 1938. Ọ na-amaghị ihe ndị a sonatas ọzọ - 1941 ma ọ bụ na 1937. Nkọ rhythms, dissonant harmonies, olili ozu chimes n'ụzọ nkịtị ọnụ na ndị a ọrụ. Ma n'otu oge ahụ, ha n'ụzọ kasị doo anya na-egosipụta typical Prokofiev lyrics: na akụkụ nke abụọ nke sonata - na nro, ji ekpuchi na ike na amamihe. The premiere nke Seventh Sonata, n'ihi na nke Prokofiev natara Stalin Nrite, ẹkenịmde ke 1942 site Richter.

Esemokwu Prokofiev: lụgharịa

Na nzuzo nke onye dere n'oge a, kwa, ihe nkiri ahụ. Relations na birdies - na-akpọ nwunye Prokofiev - bursting na seams. Independent na awuasara nwaanyị, agba nkịtị na-ego mkparịta ụka, na-enwe nnukwu ụkọ ya na Union, Lina mgbe niile gara mba ọzọ embassies, ihe mere na nso ntị nke Department of State Security. Nke ahụ kwesịrị amachi dị otú ahụ jọgburu onwe ya okwu, karịsịa n'oge obodo mba ọnọdụ, nke ugboro ugboro, sị Zhene Prokofev. Biography na-arụ ọrụ nke onye dere ahụhụ ukwuu nke a bụ omume Lina. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ ọ bụla anya na ịdọ aka ná ntị. N'etiti di na nwunye na-Ise-okwu, mmekọrịta, na-enweghị na-agba aghara, ghọrọ ọbụna ihe imebi. Mgbe atụrụ ndụ a sanatorium, ebe Prokofiev bụ otu, ọ hụrụ otu nwa agbọghọ Mira Mendelson. Researchers ka na-arụ ụka banyere ma ọ bụghị kpọmkwem na e zigara onye dere na ebumnuche na-echebe ya site na-enupụ isi, na nwunye. Peace bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye ọrụ nke Gosplan, nke mere na a version adịghị ka o yiri nnọọ.

Ọ bụ ma karịsịa mara mma ma ọ bụ ọ bụla creativity, ede mediocre amaokwu, egbula-aguputa ha na ya akwụkwọ ozi ka andiwet. Ya isi uru bụ ofufe nke Prokofiev zuru nrubeisi. N'oge na-adịghị, onye dere kpebiri ịjụ Lina ịgba alụkwaghịm, nke ọ jụrụ inye ya. Lina maara na ọ bụrụhaala na ọ na-anọgide na ya na nwunye ya Prokofiev, o nwere ụfọdụ ohere nke ndụ na nke a na-emegidekwa ya mba. Nke a sochiri nnọọ ihe ịtụnanya ọnọdụ, nke ọbụna nwetara aha ya site omume nke iwu - "Prokofiev merenụ." Ndị ọchịchị nke Soviet Union dere kọwara na ebe ọ bụ alụmdi na nwunye ya na Linoy Kodina e debara aha Europe, na okwu nke iwu nke USSR ọ bụ ghara ịdị irè. N'ihi ya, Prokofiev lụrụ a ụwa na-enweghị mgbasa nke di na nwunye na Lina. Kpọmkwem a ọnwa gasịrị Lina e jidere ya, zigara a mara ụlọikwuu.

Prokofev Sergey Sergeevich: creativity na post-agha afọ

Gịnị Prokofiev subconsciously na-atụ egwu mere na 1948, mgbe bịara aha ọjọọ iwu nke ọchịchị. "N'eziokwu," bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ọ ikpe n'ụzọ gara ụfọdụ arọ ka ụgha na ọbịa na Soviet àgwà. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ "hiere" na Prokofiev kụrụ. Njirimara onye dere ya dị ka ndị a: mgbochi na-ewu ewu na mmezu iwu. Ọ bụ a egwu otiti. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ ọ na-idikwe "nkịtị" Anna Akhmatova, ọ adara onyinyo Shostakovich na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe.

Ma Sergei Sergeyevich nyeghị elu, na-eme na ya style ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị. Prokofiev si symphonic ọrụ nke na-adịbeghị anya siworo na ya pụta nke niile ụzọ ya nke ide. Seventh Symphony, e dere otu afọ tupu ọnwụ ya - bụ a ememe nke maara ihe ma dị ọcha mfe, nke ọzọ ụwa, nke ọ gara ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Prokofiev nwụrụ na March 5, 1953, otu ụbọchị dị ka Stalin. Ọpụpụ ya fọrọ nke nta hụrụ n'ihi na nke mba na-eru uju n'ihi ọnwụ nke onye m hụrụ n'anya bụ onye ndú nke ndị dị iche iche.

Life na Works nke Prokofiev nwere ike nkenke kọwara dị ka mgbe nile na ịchọ ijide maka ìhè. Incredibly ndụ-ekwu, ọ na-ewetara anyị nso ka echiche gụnyere oké German dere Ludwig van Fernandes na ya ọbọgwụ mmiri song - na Ninth Symphony, nke na-ada ode "Iji Joy" n'ikpeazụ: "Makụọ ọtụtụ nde, jikọrọ ọnụ n'otu n'ime ọṅụ." Life na Works nke Prokofiev - bụ ụzọ nke a oké artist, ndụ ya tọrọ ọrụ nke music na ya oké ihe omimi.