2nd Belorussian Front: Ọchịagha, mejupụtara, ibu agha ụzọ gị

Mgbe ikpeazụ ogbo nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, mgbe Soviet agha ịmaliteghachi ịhụ site na Germany dum ókèala ndị RSFSR e guzobere 2nd Belorussian Front. E nwere ihe abụọ nke guzobere mkpakọrịta, nke na-agụnye ọtụtụ ndị agha.

The mbụ guzobere

On February 17, e kpebiri na-etolite 2nd Belorussian Front na Supreme Command. ogbugbu nke iwu wee ebe na February 24th. The ọhụrụ n'ihu banyere Army (47 nke, 61 nke, 70 nke), nke ejikwara na Polesie - a region na ókè-ala n'etiti Belarus na Ukraine. Ebe a, ndị Germany na nọgidere na-enwe a emeri na uru, n'agbanyeghị ịrịba imeri ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Wehrmacht agha ẹkenịmde mkpa obodo jideekwaozo nke na-abụghị otú mfe. N'ihi na eziokwu na-emeri na ụzọ agha definitively kwagara Soviet Union, Stalin choro kacha osooso nke na-akpasu iwe, na-akpa na Germany weghara Berlin. Otú ọ dị, tupu ị na-ụkwụ na German ala, ndị Soviet agha ahụ ruo bụghị naanị Belarus kamakwa Poland.

2nd Belorussian Front edu Colonel-General Pavel Kurochkin. Chief nke ọrụ ghọrọ Lt. Gen. Vladimir Kolpakchi. Ndị a na-edu Polesskaya iwe ọrụ, nke e kere si March 15 na April 5, 1944. Ebumnobi bụ isi nke Soviet agha na mpaghara ebe a bụ obodo Kovel. Ọzọkwa ke ukem ịzụlite iwe na ntụziaka nke ndị Pripyat River.

Agbahapụ si Kovel

E nwere nkewa nke German iche iche "Center" na "South". Dị ka ya eluigwe na ala igbu e tiri, na Soviet agha nkenke jisiri igbochi Kovel, nke o nyeghị elu. Ke adianade do, Wehrmacht wetara mee ndị Germany na azụ. 2nd Belorussian Front stalled. N'oge na-adịghị na ọ ghọrọ a kwesiri ngosi enweghị ike, nke na Soviet iwu nwere ihe ọ bụla iji chefuo. Ihe kpatara osụhọde ke eziokwu na udu-anọgide na-esi ọnwụ na a na-awụ ọsọ agha, n'agbanyeghị nke ala nke nchịkwa mmadụ. Ndị agha ahụ nọ n'ihu, na-ahapụ ya ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa, na-ama-gafere a njem nke ọtụtụ narị kilomita.

N'ihi na nke ndị a niile ihe n'ihu okpu ịrụ ya isi ọrụ - iji tọhapụ Kovel. Otú ọ dị, a ezi ntọala maka ọdịnihu e mere. Germany kontrnastupat bụkwa ihe ọ bụla, nke mere na oge ụfọdụ, ndị agha ghọrọ positional. April 5 E disbanded 2nd Belorussian Front. Ọchịagha Pavel Kurochkin wee ọhụrụ iche.

Belorussian ọrụ

Otú ọ dị, dị nnọọ a izu ole na ole gasịrị, na April 24, 2nd Belorussian Front e guzobere ọhụrụ. Ya nke abụọ guzobere kere ruo ọgwụgwụ nke agha na e disbanded na June 1945. A afọ tupu ọrụ debere n'ihu ya akpatre ịtọhapụ Belarus.

Na May, na n'ihu ndị agha mere positional agha, na-echere iwu ka a ọhụrụ na-akpasu iwe. Ọ malitere na June 23, mgbe iji na-aga n'ihu ma nye ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Ọ bụ a zubere agha nke Soviet agha, nke na-hazigharịrị mgbe spring lull na ndị dị njikere ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na-achụ nke alaghachi azụ German agha.

Na Byelorussian ọrụ e gara bụghị naanị 2nd Belorussian Front, ma 1st Baltic (ọchịagha - Ivan Bagramyan), 3rd Belorussian (ọchịagha - Ivan Chernyakhovsky), 1st Belorussian (Konstantin Rokossovsky). Ná mmalite nke arụmọrụ nke Soviet agha bụ ihe karịrị nde mmadụ isii, ọtụtụ puku ndị tankị na ogbunigwe iberibe.

Mogilev iwe

On na Iv nke ọhụrụ General ọ we duru 2nd Byelorussian Front. Ọchịagha Ivan Petrov natara ọtụtụ ụsụụ ndị agha, tinyere 50th na 4th Air Force.

Ke mbubreyo June, a usoro mkpakọrịta abuana ke Mogilev ọrụ. N'oge ya dị otu izu e tiwara iro ọnọdụ, gafere Dnieper River na Pronya. A tọhapụrụ ha n'obodo Mogilev, na Bykhov Shklov. Army Group "Center" natara bukwanu ọdịiche, nke ghọọ ya òtù Achilles n'ikiri ụkwụ. Na ụzọ nke 2nd Byelorussian Front bụ 12th bipu Division nke Germany, bụ nke e bibiri kpam kpam. Ọzọkwa, n'oge na-airstrike gburu a ma ama ọchịagha nke a tank agha Austrian Robert Martinek.

N'otu oge ahụ, Colonel-General Georgiy Fedorovich Zaharov duru 2nd Belorussian Front. Na-alụ ọgụ n'ụzọ a kpụworo gabiga oké apiti nke ọ bụ ike na-alụ ọgụ ndị Germany na Soviet nkịtị.

Bialystok ọrụ

N'oge na-adịghị, n'ihu ndị agha wee akụkụ ke Bialystok ọrụ na bụ akụkụ nke Belorussian ọrụ. The ọhụrụ iwe malitere na July 5 na biri na 27 July. N'oge okpomọkụ akụkụ nke n'ihu anyị na-arụ ọrụ anya na ndị agha nke na-eto eto General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, onye mwute akpa ke East Prussia ke akpatre ọnwa nke agha.

July 24 e mesịrị tọhapụ ndị Belarusian obodo nke Grodno. N'ihu - ókè na Poland. Ọ bụ ihe karịrị ọtụtụ narị kilomita, nke debeere 2nd Belorussian Front. The mejupụtara nke ụsụụ ndị agha mgbe nile emelitere na ọhụrụ alụso nke si n'azụ, gwọọ ọnyá ha ma ọ bụ na-agụsị accelerated ọzụzụ ọmụmụ maka agha. Belarus e sụrụ site Wehrmacht.

July 27 Soviet Army banyere Bialystok. Ọ bụ nke mbụ isi ma dị mkpa Polish obodo, nke a gbahapụrụ site German mwakpo, bụ ndị bịara ebe a ná mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na 1939. Bialystok ọrụ kwusiri na-atọhapụ Belostok C.

East Prussian ọrụ

Na November, isi nke n'ihu e mere Marshal nke Soviet Union Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. Ke mbubreyo okpomọkụ na site na daa, Soviet agha ọzọ nweta ume iji mee ka a itunanya ke Poland. Ke adianade do, n'ihu bụ East Prussia - German fọdụrụ, nke a na administratively ama bụ Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ. E nwere mkpa obodo nke Koenigsberg, nakwa dị ka "Wolf si ọgba" - isi ọnụego nke Adolf Hitler, nke ọ na-edu ndị agha na ndị Soviet Union, mgbe ọnọdụ dị n'ógbè anaghị nnọọ akpata maka Wehrmacht.

January 13 malitere East Prussian ọrụ, nke e gara site 2nd Belorussian Front. List of sonyere nke agha bụ nnọọ ukwuu nke na ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-edu. aha nke odide ẹnịm archival akwụkwọ. Ná mmalite 1945, banyere 1.6 nde mmadụ wee akụkụ ke ọrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na 3rd Belorussian Front kwagara n'ebe Königsberg, 2nd gara Marienburg (Malbork oge a Poland). Ha mekọrọ ihe ga-eduga encirclement nke dum nke East Prussian nkụzị nke Wehrmacht. N'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ, ọ bụ mkpara nke "Center" (na January renamed "North") nke Army Group.

Mlavsko-operation Elbingskaya

January 26 Soviet agha nke 2nd Byelorussian Front, bịara bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke na-Vistula osimiri. Kemgbe izu abụọ, Soviet agha ọma dechara Mlavsko Elbingskuyu-operation. Ọ na-weghaara otu ihe dị mkpa foothold na gburugburu nke obodo nke Bromberg. N'ikpeazụ dara Marienburg, ikwe nkụzị agha maka ihe rụrụ na Pomerania. The Masurian Lake District gbara ya gburugburu na meriri 2nd Wehrmacht Army. Ọzọkwa merụsịrị mebiri emebi 4th Army.

East Pomeranian iwe

Si February 10 na April 4 iso East Pomeranian iwe, nke e gara site 2nd Byelorussian Front. 1945 kwere nkwa-enwe mmeri, ma e nwere na-ka nọ ugwu Polish ógbè, nakwa dị ka Berlin.

N'oge mbụ ụbọchị iri nke na-akpasu iwe ndị Soviet agha jisiri ọganihu naanị 40 kilomita. N'ihi arọ weere na enweghi ike n'ihu tupu ọrụ a kwụsịtụrụ nkenke. February 24 sonyeere ka n'ihu nke 19 Army na 2nd Shock Army. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha bụ obodo Keslin (oge a Koszalin). The Germany guzogidere isi ike, ebe ọ maara na ichighaazu site na nnukwu e nwere ebe ọzọ.

N'otu oge ahụ, 1st Belorussian Front kwagara enyere Rokossovskogo otu. Achikota oru site na abụọ na-ekwe ka-agbaji agbachitere German agha. Ọ na-e bee n'ime ọtụtụ nta dị iche iche, ọ bụla nke bụ, ma ọ bụ ichighaazu, ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ. March 5, Soviet agha ruru n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Oké Osimiri Baltic. Ná ngwụsị nke ọnwa bụ ihe dị mkpa mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Danzig (Gdańsk) e weghaara. East Pomeranian ọrụ e dechara nke ọma. A nnukwu ọrụ mmeri a, na-egwuri abụọ Byelorussian Front. Mejupụtara e ọdịda dị iche iche Ọla na iwu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ọdịda nke aha dike nke Soviet Union.

Berlin ọrụ

Tutu bụ a bụrụkwa agha, ọ bụ ezie na ya pụta agha ama doro anya na ndị ọzọ. Ajụjụ bụ naanị ndị na-akpa na-aga na Berlin - Soviet Army ma ọ bụ na Western jikọrọ aka. Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin chọrọ inye Churchill na Roosevelt. Ya nile isi, na o choro mgbe ọ bụla price nzọụkwụ n'ihu, n'agbanyeghị nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Human àjà aghọwo nnọọ ọtụtụ.

O sina dị, na n'ihu e-abịanụ. Berlin ọrụ malitere na April 16. First ya sikwuo oder, nke bụ a eke ókè-ala n'etiti Poland na Germany. The Soviet agha kpaliri n'otu site 200 kilomita, Ibulite efep fọdụrụ German agha. On Victory Day, May 9, 19 Army wee akụkụ ke ọdịda na Danish n'àgwàetiti Bornholm. Ke ofụri ofụri, 2nd Belorussian Front kpuchie omume nke ọzọ nkeji, nke na-na banyere ke Berlin.

uru

The agha nke 2nd Byelorussian Front n'oge afọ nke ya adị, tọhapụ dum Belarus. Ha lụrụ agha kwụsịrị Germany ke edem edere Poland,-akwa aka ka ndị obodo ya mgba megide ndị mwakpo. N'ikpeazụ, ndị agha, ọnu-uzọ n'ihu, wee akụkụ ke Agha nke Berlin. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1945 n'ihu ghọọ ndị Northern Group of Forces, nọ na Germany na Soviet Union.