Academician Glushko Valentin Petrovich - Chief Designer nke rọketi usoro: biography, ezinụlọ, asọpụrụ ebe nchekwa

Ihe kasị mkpa na ndị kasị ama mmepụta nke agba nke Soviet Union wee ndụ na izugbe mmebe, onye aha-anọchi akụkọ ihe mere eme, tinyere ihe ndị kasị mkpa maka mba. Ọ Academician Glushko, bụ onye kere ọtụtụ dị ike ugboelu engines. Valentin Petrovich, n'agbanyeghị na ya na ọtụtụ ntụrụndụ, isi ihe ná ndụ ya kọwara dị ka a nwa.

mbido

A mụrụ n'ọdịnihu academician Glushko na Odessa na 1908, na na 1924 ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na ọrụ aka akwụkwọ "Metal" Trotsky aha. Na iri na ise, ọ na-ama bụ na a ọrụ n'aka, nke e kere afọ asatọ, mmekorita na Tsiolkovsky onwe ya, nke e zigara ka nwa okoro-ya nile ọhụrụ ọrụ. Nke a na-ghar nwa okorobịa ka anya n'ebe afọ ndụ ya na-ama bipụtara isiokwu banyere ohere ngagharị na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi dee akwụkwọ banyere nsogbu nrigbu nke mbara ala. Na n'afọ iri abụọ nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ, mgbe ugbo elu na a n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmadụ hụrụ! Na 1925 na-eto eto Glushko gara Leningrad na-amụ e na mahadum, maka ihe ọmụma na ọ dị mkpa ka mmezu nke niile nrọ.

Mgbagwoju amụ physics na mgbakọ na mwepụ ngalaba! Ee na mba nwere oge siri ike - mgbake egwu mbibi. Ma n'ọdịnihu academician Glushko bụghị mkpesa banyere enweghị ego, ọ bụghị a na-amụrụ ụgbọala ibutu, ma na aku na nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ. Agụụ, oyi na-atụ, na ndi fọduru nke ịnọ n'ụkọ megide a ndabere na ya nsogbu a obere. Na ọ na-emekwa-akwụ ya ụgwọ: na 1933, Glushko Valentin Petrovich ghọrọ onyeisi nke ngalaba nke rọketi Research Institute, na ọzọ afọ atọ mgbe e mesịrị - isi mmebe nke ugboelu engines.

N'ebe prying anya

Ebe ọ bụ na 1933 na mmiri mmiri jets kere a na-ghar mmebe, na-eto eto ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mgbanwe. Mgbe a mụrụ m na-ama ama OPM-65 engine, nke na-zubere na-arụnyere na aerotorpedy ka ugbo elu na ngwá agha nakwa dị ka prototype nke oge a na agba - na rọketi ụgbọ elu. Na 1938, ọdịnihu academician Glushko e mere atụmatụ na ya ezi uru.

Ya ezo, mara ikpe "maka sabotaji," dị ka ihe niile na-eduga injinia na-emepụta nke mba. Ikpe arọ asatọ n'ogige ndị na zitere "na sharashka" nke bụ mechiri emechi CB kụziere n'ihu nnyocha. Akpa, na Tushino on ụgbọelu osisi № 82, nke Valentin Petrovich e mere rọketi launchers n'elu ụgbọelu. N'ezie rọketi sayensị, na ya dị ọcha ụdị, na-ahụbeghị anya dị ka a bara uru ihe, ma n'oge na-adịghị ihe gbanwere.

tupu mmeri

Glushko Valentin Petrovich e wepụtara na 1944. Ọ ozugbo wee kpọrọ ndị nwere ahụmahụ, ma ọ bụ, mma ka i kwuo - pụrụ iche imewe Bureau na Kazan, ebe pụrụ iche Motors e mepụtara. Na 1946, ọ bụ n'etiti ndị na-amụ na Germany, ndị German mmepe na agha ebe.

Iweghachi si n'ebe na echiche ọhụrụ, Glushko na-arụ ọrụ na converted OKB-456 na ugbo elu factory na Khimki, ebe ke 1948, e nwere nke mbụ nke Rd-100 engine maka rọketi, na mgbe ọzọ na a myriad nke ha maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ji efe efe. Glushko Valentin Petrovich, onye biography bụ kpamkpam Associated na ugboelu engines, ọ ghọrọ agbagha ndú na ha e kere eke.

Enen

N'afọ 1974, ọ malitere na-arụ ọrụ dị nnọọ ọhụrụ nzukọ, gawa site Academician Glushko, - "Energia", nke gụnyere ndị OKB-456 OKB-1. General Designer nwesịrị N'ezie e nyere ya site na ụlọ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama. Ọ bụ ya mere niile Russian ohere omume, gụnyere oge a, onye a bụ ụgwọ ka fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla. Ọ bụ ya na ndị a haziri nke ugboelu engines "East" - si akpa ụgbọ elu n'ime oghere tupu oruru nke ebe-agba. Enweghị ya, anyị ohere rụzuru gaara nnọọ iche. Ikekwe, ha ga-enwe mgbe nile.

Ọ e mere ike Odessa ncheta nke Valentin Glushko, on a mara mma ụzọ, na-akpọ aha "n'elu-nzuzo" nwoke. Na na Cosmonauts uzo warawara na-nwere a ncheta ke Moscow. Otú ọ dị, ya onyinye ala nna nwere ike ghara overemphasized. Valentin Petrovich Glushko - dike nke Socialist Labour (ugboro abụọ), o nwere ise iwu nke Lenin na Red Banner nke Labour na October mgbanwe, ọtụtụ Ọla. Ọ bụ eto eto, nke Lenin na State Nrite nke USSR.

Korolev

More OKB-1 na pụtara ìhè mmebe na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu ọkachamara, nke o nwetara ọrụ na ha onwe ha (n'echiche otú a na ịna mkpọrọ, nke na-enye ohere na). Nke a kpara ndị mmadụ: Umansky, Zheltukhin, mpempe akwụkwọ, eriri igwe, Strakhovich, Zhiritsky na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Na 1942, na arịrịọ nke Chief Designer Glushko ugbua na Kazan a kpọfere ya kasị kpara onye, onye meriri ohere.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich na Korolev Sergey Pavlovich jikotara aka ịzụlite ọtụtụ ngwá agha, nke mere ka mmeri mba. Rọketi engines e arụnyere na Pee-2, ozugbo n'elu ọsọ bụ 180 km kwa awa. Nwalere na Yak-3, La-7, Su-7. udu nke ibu bụ nnukwu - ruo abụọ na narị abụọ kilomita kwa awa. N'ihi ya, eji a mmiri mmiri ugboelu engine agbanweela nnọọ eke agha technology.

Relations na ọchịchị

Stalin n'ihu "tọhapụrụ" Glushko na wepụrụ a nkwenye na 1944. Ma na imewe ndụ nke mkpebi a agbanwebeghị fọrọ ihe ọ bụla. Ọ na-mgbe, n'agbanyeghị nke ụgbọ mmiri, bụ nwoke na nkewa na nchọ site na ike nke na nnukwu mgbidi kere ihe dị mkpa na mba na-achọ ndị obi na mkpụrụ obi. Ma Glushko kwesịrị ekwesị eji nke a Stalinist ogbugbu. O nyefere ndị na-ndú a ndepụta iri atọ ndị mmadụ bụ onye tọhapụrụ n'oge na-ahapụ ọrụ na KB. Na otú ọ mere. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a ajụ ha ọtụtụ na Glushko ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.

Ma ebe ọ bụ na 1945, ihe ikpeazụ ikpe ruo ọtụtụ afọ ndị ghọrọ ndị isi nke ngalaba na Kazan Aviation Institute, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ugboelu engines na-akwadebe kwesịrị na-enyere aka ya na Bureau. More ịmara, ụnyaahụ ikpe na-rọketi amụ na Germany "maka sabotaji" na ọkara afọ (1945-1947 afọ), na-na a njem azụmahịa. Trophies - German rọketi sayensị - mmebe, n'ezie, masịrị. Kamakwa banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike na ihe nkeji nke a, kwa, m kwuru ọtụtụ ihe. Na Stalin na Glushko anọ ogologo onwe nzute, nke tụlere anụ ụlọ rọketi. The ndú jụrụ ajụjụ smart, ọgụgụ isi, ndị ruru eru.

ohere

Na 1953 Glushko a họpụtara na Academy nke Sciences, a kwekọrọ ekwekọ so, na na 1957, na-enweghị ịgbachitere a tesis hakirem ọdịda ya a doctorate. Ọ bụ oge na-etinye ụmụ ha nrọ. Valentin Petrovich mepụtara ọtụtụ ihe omume nke manned orbital ụgbọ, ọbụna na-amị n'ọnwa niile, na ìhè ya n'aka pụtara reusable ugboelu. Ọ kpọrọ-arụ ọrụ na mmepe nke Venus na Mars, atụmatụ flights ka asteroids.

Na ọtụtụ ndị na-nrọ, pronesonnyh dum ndụ gụnyere. The egbe nke mbụ satellite-agba ya gburugburu ụwa ka kewapụrụ ndị mba ahụ na-ngwa mmepe nke rọketi. Message na Earth malitere akwado orbital ebe "Mir", "Ẹkọm" by manned ugboelu "Soyuz" na ụgbọ mmiri "Ọganihu", nke a na-mepụtara Valentin Petrovich Glushko. Ma ọtụtụ ndị na-na-emezu nnọọ.

ọnwa

Glushko mere mmepe nke na-amị n'ọnwa ọdụ, nke ga-mgbe niile na e nwere ndị. Iru újú na-arụ ọrụ "top nzuzo" ga-ekwe ka ọha na eze na-agba ume nke a echiche, ya mere, mgbe mgbe ọma ebupụta nke H-1 ọnwa omume na-emechi, ọ dịghị onye ga-eru uju ma isi mmebe. Na ọbụna niile na ukwuu nke na o mere ya, ike ikasi ya obi ruo ọgwụgwụ. O emezuwo? N'ime iri ise mgbanwe mmiri mmiri engines, nke na-ugbu a na-etinyere na iri na asa ụdị nke ohere na agha agba. Ọ bụ n'okpuru idu ndú ya site engines Tammy ulo oru akpaka ọdụ ka Mars, Venus na Ọnwa, ha na-arụnyere na manned ugboelu "Soyuz" na "East", na otú ihe wuru ọnwa na Satellites etinye n'ime orbit na enyemaka ha!

A ugboelu "Buran", mepụtara n'okpuru idu ndú Glushko, na spaceship mfe iwere ụgbọelu atụmatụ ọhụrụ okpomọkụ-echebe ihe, site na kọmputa mgbawa n'ime ọtụtụ iri puku ndị Eserese, na na engine, ndị kasị dị ike taa - Rd-170, Glushko nwa, abụghị usụhọde, na ọtụtụ ụzọ karịrị ọbụna "Shuttle"! The ngwaọrụ bụ n'ezie impeccable! Ma ... adịghị oge ntoju apụl, osisi na Mars, bụghị na ọnwa tracks anyị tracks. Echela Valentine Petrovich. Na 1989, ọ nwụrụ, na aha ya International Astronomical Union aha ya bụ a na ndagwurugwu ahụ na-ahụ anya n'akụkụ nke Ọnwa. Ma eleghị anya, dị nnọọ otu vlok n'abalị ya uku a na-arụsi ọrụ ọrọ.

inyom

Women na-nnọọ ụtọ nke Glushko Valentin Petrovich. Family otú ọ di anya n'ebe naanị, n'agbanyeghị nke "nzuzo", ogologo stints na "sharashkas" afọ ịta mmiri na oru. The oge mbụ ọ lụrụ na iri na itoolu, mgbe a na-amụrụ na Mahadum nke Leningrad. The ụgbọala na ọ bụghị ibutu, ma mgbe ọ karịsịa agụụ na-agụ, a obere moonlighting mmezi nke ụlọ, ebe ọ chọpụtara na mbụ Odessa girl Susanna Georgievskaya, a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu bụ onye so dee. Gịnị mere n'etiti di na nwunye, gịnị mere na ha gbara alụkwaghịm, nọgidere a omimi. Ma ọnọdụ ịtụnanya. Valentin e merụrụ ahụ site a égbè. Kwuru na ihe mere - akpachapụghị anya njikwa. Sochiri a ịgba alụkwaghịm.

E nwere a ọhụrụ nwaanyị ịlụ nke o mere abụghị - Tamara Sarkisov. Otú ọ dị, nwa-nwayi Eugene nwere oge a ga-amụ. Ijide Glushko Tamara bụ na ụjọ na ama ajụla niile mmekọahụ. Ya mere, mgbe ohere dapụtara, Glushko abiagh azụ - adịghị mfe. Na Germany, o nwere onye nkụzi bụ onye a kpọrọ Magda na umu amuru - Yuri na Elena. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-abụrịrị ihe ọzọ, banyere ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ nkịtị. Glushko nwoke ahụ bụ nnọọ na-akpali ma elu ọnụ, na amamihe okirikiri ọkụ n'isi n'elu ya na-achakwa unbearably. Ma na 1959, mgbe mmebe bụ iri-na-otu na ndụ ya pụtara Lydia Naryshkin, a girl nke iri na asatọ, bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ya CB "Energomash" na Khimki, ya na ha bi n'ihi na ndị fọdụrụ iri-na-afọ asatọ, zụlitere a mma nwa.