Agbaji nọchibidoro Leningrad na January 1943: ndị mere eme

N'ihi na Wehrmacht iwu mastery nke obodo na Neva River bụghị naanị ihe dị mkpa agha-emeri na mkpa. Ke adianade akada dum n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Gulf nke Finland na mbibi nke ndị na Baltic Fleet nwekwara chua-emetụta Ụwa Dum nduhie na nzube. The ọdịda nke ku n'aka nke mgbanwe ahụ ga-akpata irreparable omume mmebi nke dum Soviet ndị mmadụ na ga budata imebi morale nke ndị agha. Na iwu nke Red Army bụ onye ọzọ: ịdọrọ na-atọgbọ obodo na-enweghị a ọgụ. Na nke a, akara aka nke bi ga-adị njọ ọbụna karị. Hitler bu n'obi na-ehichapụ obodo kwụsịrị map na nkịtị uche nke okwu.

Leningrad kpamkpam gbara ya gburugburu German na Finnish agha September 8, 1941. The nọchibidoro Leningrad kere 872 ụbọchị. Ke adianade agha nkeji ndị agha na agha mmiri anọchibido tụgharịa si karịrị nde atọ ndị - gbara ọsọ ndụ si Leningrad na Baltic na-ekwu na ndị agbata obi na mpaghara. Leningrad n'oge mgbochi ka furu efu karịrị 600 puku. The nkiti bi, nke naanị atọ percent e gburu site bombu na shelling, na ndi fọduru nwụrụ nke agụụ na ọrịa. Ọ kpọpụrụ ihe karịrị ọkara nde mmadụ na.

Mbọ agbaji mgbochi ke 1942

Ọbụna n'oge a kacha megbuo ndị agha nwara agbaji encirclement. Na January 1942, ndị agha Soviet ulo oru ihe rụrụ jikọọ obodo na-egbochi 'ndị Chile' 'nso obodo nke Lubz. The ọzọ gbalịrị na August - October, na ntụziaka nke obodo ma Siniavino Mga ojii. Ndị a arụmọrụ inwere site na nọchibidoro Leningrad kụrụ afọ n'ala. Ọ bụ ezie na Sinyavinskaya iwe na dara, ma, nke a nghogbu e mebiwo site mgbe Wehrmacht ezube ẹkemụm na obodo.

usoro prerequisites

The na mmeri nke Nazi agha na Volga River gbanwere nke itule nke usoro-agha na ihu ọma nke ndị agha Soviet. N'ọnọdụ ndị a, na High Command turu ime ka mepụta ọrụ na deprotected ugwu isi obodo. Arụmọrụ eme metụtara agha nke Leningrad, Volkhov dị asakde iso ese, na Baltic Fleet na Ladoga Flotilla natara koodu aha '' Iskra ''. Iji kwado iwe arụmọrụ na ala nwere ogologo nso ụgbọelu. Anaghịkwa Leningrad mgbochi, ọ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu, e mere omume site a isi miscalculations nke German iwu. Hitler eleda mkpa nke na ọnụego nke ìgwè mee. Mgbe di ọku ọgụ na Moscow ebe na n'ebe ndịda nke obodo si Army Group 'North' ', abụọ nọ na-napụrụ armored nkewa na a ịrịba akụkụ nke bipu nkeji iji beleta ntolite onuogugu ọnwụ nke Central otu. Site na mmalite nke 1943 na Leningrad na ndị mwakpo ahụ abụghị nnukwu ígwè nkeji ịrụ ụka a kwe omume agha nke Soviet Army.

ezube n'akpọ

Operation "Iskra" e tụụrụ ime n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1942. Ke mbubreyo November, isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Leningrad Front n'isi ụlọ ọrụ na-atụ aro iji kwadebe a ọhụrụ na-akpasu iwe na itunanya nke onye iro mgbaaka na abụọ ntụziaka: Shlisselburgsky na Uritskom. High Command kpebiri ilekwasị anya otu onye, ya na ngwa ngwa, nso-Siniavino Shlisselburg.

22 November Command ọkọnọ a plan of counter edinam nke ndọpụ agha nke Leningrad na Volkhov dị asakde iso ese. The ọrụ e mma, nkwadebe e nyere ihe na-erughị otu ọnwa. Ọ dị nnọọ mkpa mejuputa zubere iwe na oyi: spring swampland ghọrọ agaghi aga. N'ihi na nke igbaze malitere ke mbubreyo December agbaji mgbochi e yigharịrị ruo ụbọchị iri. The koodu aha nke ịwa ahụ ahụ kpaliri site Stalin. Ọkara otu narị afọ gara aga, VI Ulyanov, eke a ahụ na-ebipụta nke Bolshevik Party, a na-akpọ akwụkwọ akụkọ "Iskra" n'ebumnobi na ebua ga ọku n'alughi a ire ọkụ nke mgbanwe. Stalin bịara dịrị ihe ntụnyere, anya isi na arụmọrụ iwe nghogbu ga ghọọ a ịrịba usoro ihe ịga nke ọma. The n'ozuzu management e nyere na-Marshal K. E. Voroshilovu. Na-ahazi na-eme na Volkhov dị Front e zigara Marshal G. K. Zhukov.

Akwadebe iwe

Na December agha intensively kwadebere maka agha. All nkeji na-arụ ọrụ na na ndị ngwá ọrụ na otu narị percent, akwakọba ruo 5 agba nke mgbọ maka nke ọ bụla unit nke arọ ngwá agha. Leningrad n'oge mgbochi si nwee ike inye n'ihu na niile dị mkpa na ngwá agha na obere ogwe aka. Na maka eduzikwa uniforms dọtara bụghị naanị pụrụ iche na ụlọ ọrụ, ma na-ụmụ amaala nke nwere onye were ígwè ịkwa ákwà. Na n'azụ nke sappers na-ike ẹdude àkwà mmiri na wuru ọhụrụ. Iji hụ na obibia nke Neva e wuru banyere 50 kilomita nke ụzọ.

Akpan akpan anya ugwo na njikere nke madu: ha mkpa ka a kụziere ka agha na oyi na n'ọhịa na-ebibi ndị e wusiri ike ebe, onwem na ike ihe na pillboxes. Na azụ nke ọ bụla compound ndị mere ndokwa polygons simulating ọnọdụ nke ọkọdọhọ agha plots. N'ihi na ihe itunanya engineering wusiri ike pụrụ iche wakpo iche iche e kere. Minefields amaokwu e wuru. All isi ruo ndị ọchịagha nke ụlọ ọrụ nke yana idobe okirikiri e ruo eruo na nụchara anụcha foto map na ihe osise. Regrouping na-emepụta nanị n'abalị ma ọ bụ na ọjọọ ihu igwe. The ọrụ nke n'ihu-akara na ọgụgụ isi. Ọ e ọma ike iji chebe onwe ọnọdụ nke onye iro zaa. N'ihi na ndị ọrụ ahụ rụrụ agha egwuregwu. The akụkụ ikpeazụ bụ na-akpa àgwà a na-ebi ndụ-ọku omume. Jikoro igbanwe mgbasa nke ghaara ya ụgha, na iwu siri ike na nzuzo yiiri mkpụrụ. The iro maara banyere mmegide a haziri nnọọ a ụbọchị ole na ole. Ọzọkwa welie ize ndụ ntụziaka nke ndị Germany na-enweghị oge.

The itinye n'ọnọdụ nke agha

Guzobe nke Leningrad Front dị ka akụkụ nke 42, 55th, 67th Army ẹkenịmde agbachitere obodo si n'ime ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mgbanaka na akara Uritsk - Kolpino, nri-akụ ebe nke Neva - Ladoga. 23 Army mụụrụ iji chebe onwe arụmọrụ n'akuku Ugwu nke Karelian Isthmus. Force agha ugbo elu ẹkewetde nke 13 Air Army. Itunanya mgbochi nyere tank 222, na 37 armored. Front nyere n'iwu site Lieutenant-General L. A. Govorov. Bipu nkeji na ikuku support 14-nke Air Army. 217 tankị na-lekwasị a na mpaghara. Volkhov dị Front nyere n'iwu site General K. A. Meretskov agha. The breakout direction, iji mee na iji regrouping, enweta kara manpower na-anọ na ọkara, ogbunigwe - ugboro asaa, tankị - ugboro iri, ugbo elu - ugboro abụọ. Njupụta egbe na ogbunigwe site Leningrad dịrị 146 nkeji kwa 1 km n'ihu. Ọzọkwa na-akpasu iwe nọgidere na-enwe ogbunigwe Baltic Fleet na Ladoga flotilla (88 caliber egbe site na 100 na 406 mm) na ugbo elu nsoro ugbo elu.

On Volkhovsky direction egbe njupụta dị malite si 101 na 356 nkeji kwa kilometa. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iku ike si n'akụkụ abụọ ruru 303 puku ndị agha na ndị ọrụ nche. Onye iro ahụ nọchibidoro obodo iri abụọ na isii nkewa nke 18 Army (Army Group 'North') na e guzobere anọ Finnish nkewa n'ebe ugwu. Anyị agha mere a itunanya nke mgbochi, nwere ọgụ ndị kpamkpam wusiri ike Shlisselburgskaya-Sinyavinskaya ebe, nke e gbachiteere ise nkewa, na-emi odude na narị asaa egbe na ogbunigwe. nkụzị Wehrmacht iwu nke General G. Lindemann.

Battle Shlisselburgsky ihu

N'abalị nke 11 on January 12 ugbo elu Volkhov dị Front na nke 13 Air Army nke Leningrad Front e mere a oke bọmbụ na a tupu kọwaa ebumnobi na zubere breakout ebe. On January 12, na ọkara gara aga elekere itoolu nke ụtụtụ malitere ogbunigwe nkwadebe. Shelling iro ọnọdụ kere awa abụọ na nkeji iri. N'ihi na ọkara otu awa tupu agha gunships wabara e wusiri ike chebe onwe na ogbunigwe batrị nke ndị Germany. Na 11,00 na 67th Army si Neva na nke abụọ unit nke ujo na asatọ agha nke Volkhov dị Front ulo oru ihe rụrụ. bipu agha akwado ogbunigwe firing na-etolite a ọkụ aro omimi nke otu kilometa. Wehrmacht agha guzogidere ịrụsi ụka ike, Soviet bipu adịghị na mkpumkpu.

N'oge ụbọchị abụọ nke na-alụ ọgụ, na-anya n'etiti ịka iche iche belatara abụọ kilomita. Nanị ụbọchị isii ka e mesịrị, na-aga n'ihu formations nke Soviet Army bụ ike jikọọ na mpaghara nke ọrụ 'niile, ọtụtụ 1 na nọmba 5. On January 18, Shlisselburg (Petrokrepost) obodo e wepụtara na-ekpocha nke onye iro, ihe niile dị n'akụkụ nke dị n'ụsọ Lake Ladoga ebe. The obosara nke ala korido mere na n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke 8 na 10 kilomita. N'ụbọchị n'imebi mgbochi nke Leningrad pụrụ ịdabere na ala njikọ obodo na 'Chile' 'ya e weghachiri. United Group 2nd na 67th ụsụụ ndị agha na-agbalị unsuccessfully ịzụlite ịga nke ọma nke na-akpasu iwe na mụbaa bridgehead n'ebe ndịda. The Germany zụlitere ha mee. On January 19, ubọchi iri na ize ndụ ngalaba nke German iwu ahụ airlifted ise nkewa na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ogbunigwe. The iwe na ebe Siniavino talatara. Iji na-meriri n'ókè, ndị agha wee na iji chebe onwe. Ọ malitere miri dọrọ n'agha. The ukara ụbọchị nke ọrụ bụ na 30 January.

The results nke na-akpasu iwe

Dị ka a n'ihi nke Soviet agha nke Wehrmacht e kewapụrụ azụ si n'ikpere mmiri nke Lake Ladoga, ma obodo ka nọ n'ihu mpaghara. The itunanya nke mgbochi n'oge ọrụ '' Iskra '' gosiri okè nke ndị agha elu iwu echiche. The meriri ndị iro agha na ndị e wusiri ike ebe juputara achikota nkwonkwo agha si n'èzí na n'èzí aghọwo a nweela na anụ ụlọ art agha. The agha natara ịrịba ahụmahụ na-eduzi na-akpasu iwe arụmọrụ a n'ọhịa ebe ke oyi. Imeri iro layered agbachitere usoro gosiri mkpa a nke ọma atụmatụ nke na-eduzi ogbunigwe ọkụ, nakwa dị ka arụmọrụ ije nke nkeji ọgụ.

weere nke ọzọ

Dị nnọọ otú ọbara bụ ịlụ ọgụ, dị ka a na-egbu ọgụgụ. 67th na 13 nke Leningrad Front Army furu efu gburu ma merụọ 41,2 puku. People, gụnyere irretrievable ọnwụ dịrị 12,4 puku. People. Volkhov dị Front efu 73,9 na 21,5 puku. People karị. asaa iro nkewa e bibiri. German weere dịrị karịa 30 puku ndị mmadụ, deadweight -. 13 puku ndị mmadụ .. Ke adianade do, dị ka trophies nke Soviet-ikwū anọ egbe na ogbunigwe, 178 igwe egbe, 5,000 égbè, a buru ibu mgbọ, otu narị na iri ise ụgbọala. abụọ Kacha ọhụrụ arọ tankị e jidere site T-VI "Agu".

nnukwu mmeri

Operation '' Iskra '' na-agbaji mgbochi enweta chọrọ pụta. N'oge iri na asaa ụbọchị nke ụzọ na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ogologo nke iri atọ na atọ kilomita e tọrọ tinyere n'ụsọ Lake Ladoga. February 7 mbụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè rutere Leningrad. Ọ na-e weghachiri eweghachi a otu ebe ọkọnọ nke obodo ahụ na ndị agha nkeji, ọkọnọ nke eletrik amụbawo. Maliteghachiri mmiri. Ukwuu mma ọnọdụ nke ndi nkiti bi, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ, na n'ihu njikọ nke Baltic Fleet. Na ndị na-esonụ ọnwa nke afọ si Leningrad na kpọpụrụ n'azụ ebe ihe karịrị narị asatọ na puku ndị nkịtị.

Ntọhapụ nke Leningrad si mgbochi na January 1943 bụ ihe bụ isi oge na-agbachitere nke obodo. Soviet agha na mpaghara ebe a akpatre jide usoro ụzọ. Ọ e tutu amama ize ndụ compound German na Finnish agha. On January 18 - ụbọchị nke na-agbasa ndị mgbochi nke Leningrad - obodo dechara a oge pụrụ iche nke iche. Ihe ịga nke ọma ẹkụre ọrụ bụ akwa ideological uru maka ndị nke mba ahụ. Ọ bụghị nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha nke abụọ World War sere uche nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu nke oké osimiri. US President Theodore Roosevelt congratulated Soviet na-edu ndú na ndị agha ọma, na ndị bi na obodo zitere a akwụkwọ ozi, nke kwetara ịdị ukwuu nke feat, ha indomitable obi ike na obi ike.

n'imebi mgbochi nke Leningrad Museum

Kemgbe see akara wuru ncheta na ebe nchekwa nke mwute na ndị dike ihe ndị mere n'afọ ndị ahụ. Na 1985 na Kirov district nke region nso obodo nke Marino e meghere diorama '' Ịhapụ nnọchibido nke Leningrad '. Ọ bụ n'ebe a January 12, 1943, 67th agha nkeji gafere Neva na ice na mebiri site na onye iro nchebe. Diorama 'itunanya Leningrad mgbochi' ' na-anọchi anya a sere na size nke 40 8 mita. Na kwaaji na-egosi ihe ndị mere agha na German nchebe. Tupu ákwà substantive plan, na ogbu sitere na site 4 ka 8 mita, recreates a atọ akụkụ oyiyi nke e wusiri ike ọnọdụ, nkwurịta okwu trenches, na ngwá agha.

Ịdị n'Otu mejupụtara ajụ kwaaji na gbaagburugburu imewe emepụta ezigbo mmetụta ọnụnọ. On mben Neva bụ a ncheta '' agbaji mgbochi '. Ncheta bụ a tank T-34, n'elu elu. Ọgụ ụgbọala rushes ka jikọọ Volkhov dị Front. Na-emeghe n'ihu ebe ihe ngosi nka nakwa gosipụtawo ngwá n'oge agha.

The ikpeazụ n'ibuli nke mgbochi nke Leningrad. 1944

Complete mwepụ nke nnọchibido nke obodo bụ naanị a afọ mgbe e mesịrị ka a n'ihi nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ Leningrad-Novgorod iwe. The agha nke Volkhov dị, ndị Baltic na Leningrad asakde iso ese meriri ndị isi agha nke 18 Army nke Wehrmacht. January 27 bụ ukara ụbọchị nke wepụ fọrọ nke nta 900 na-nnọchibido. A 1943rd e dekọrọ na historiography of World War II dị ka afọ nke itunanya nke mgbochi nke Leningrad.