Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenevich - na nchepụta nke parachute: biography, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mepụtara

Otu n'ime ndị isi ụgbọelu mepụtara - parachute - bịara ekele na mkpebi siri ike na mgbalị nke naanị otu onye - mmebe-kụziiri Gleb Kotelnikov. Ọ bụghị nanị na-edozi ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị kasị mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na ya oge, teknuzu nsogbu, ma na-a ogologo oge iji nweta ihe mmalite nke uka mmepụta nke nnapụta ngwugwu.

mmalite afọ

N'ọdịnihu nchepụta nke parachute Gleb Kotelnikov mụrụ 18 (30) January 1872 na St. Petersburg. Nna ya bụ onye prọfesọ Mathematics na Moscow University. The ezinụlọ dum bụ ụtọ nke art: music, eserese na nkiri. The ụlọ na-haziri na-amu amu arụmọrụ. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ọ na-ẹkenịmde na parachute nchepụta dị ka a na nwa rọrọ nke ogbo.

Nwa okoro na-egwuri ọma na piano na ndị ọzọ na ngwá egwú (balalaika, Mandolin, violin). N'otu oge, a niile agụụ mmekọahụ adịghị egbochi Gleb nnọọ mmasị na Usoro. Si nwa natara ọlaedo, ọ mgbe niile ihe na-eme na-achịkọta (atụ, na afọ 13 o jisiri kpọkọta a na-arụ ọrụ igwefoto).

ọrụ

Future, nke ugbu a na-họọrọ nchepụta nke parachute ga-ekpebisi ike mgbe ọdachi ezinụlọ. Nna ya nwụrụ nká Gleb na nwa ya nwoke ga-ahapụ nrọ nke a egwú. Ọ gara Kiev Atilari School. The nwa okorobịa gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ukpono 1894 na otú ahụ ghọọ otu onye ọfịsa. Nke a sochiri afọ atọ ije agha. Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, Kotelnikov ghọrọ ihe ukara na n'ógbè excise ngalaba. Na 1899, ọ lụrụ nwata enyi nwanyị Yulii Volkovoy.

Na 1910 a na ezinụlọ ya na ụmụ ha atọ kwagara St. Petersburg. Na isi obodo, ọdịnihu nchepụta nke parachute ghọrọ ihe omee na Ndị mmadụ House, were na ogbo pseudonym Glebov-Kotelnikov. St. Petersburg nye ya ohere ọhụrụ na mejuputa echepụta nwere. All aga afọ akụ nọgidere na-na-ewu na-amu amu larịị.

omume ntụrụndụ ugbo elu

Ná mmalite XX narị afọ mmepe nke ụgbọelu. Na ọtụtụ Russian obodo, gụnyere St. Petersburg, e duziri ngosipụta flights, nke n'ụzọ doro anya na ọha na eze nwere mmasị. O si otú ghọọ ndị maara ụgbọelu na ọdịnihu nchepụta nke parachute azu paaki Gleb Kotelnikov. N'ịbụ a ndụ na-enweghị mmasị na Usoro, ọ na-apụghị edita mmasị na ugbo elu.

Site ukem ini, Kotelnikov ghọrọ onye unwitting àmà ọnwụ nke mbụ pilot na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian ụgbọelu. N'oge a ngosipụta ụgbọ elu pilot Matsievich dapụ oche na nwụrụ, n'iyi n'ala. Na-eso ya ala oge ochie na-ejighị n'aka ugbo elu.

The mkpa nke a parachute

The ọdachi metụtara Matsievich bụ a ezi uche na ya pụta nke anọghị mbụ ụgbọ elu nke ugbo elu engines. Ọ bụrụ na a nwoke wee n'ime ikuku, ọ na-etinye na ndụ ya. Nsogbu a bilitere ọbụna tupu ugbo elu. Na XIX na narị afọ site na a yiri ha na-edozilighị ahụhụ balloons. Ọ bụrụ na ọkụ ndị mmadụ na-tọrọ atọ. Ha nwere ike na-ahapụ ụgbọala na-ata ahụhụ.

A nsogbu nwere ike a ga-edozi na mepụtara nke parachute. The mbụ nwere e rụrụ maka ya mmepụta ke West. Otú ọ dị, nsogbu na usoro nke oru e ji mara kemgbe nnọọ oge siri ike maka ya. N'ime afọ, ụgbọelu ọganihu. Enweghi ike-enye na-azọpụta ndụ nkwa akwọ kpọrọ ịghọta mmepe nke dum Aeronautics ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ gara na-achọsi ike daredevils.

Arụ ọrụ na mepụtara

Mgbe a mwute merenụ na ngosipụta flights nke Gleb Kotelnikov (onye mepụtakwara na parachute) tụgharịa ya ulo n'ime a zuru omumuihe. Mmebe e ekwe echiche ike a nnapụta ụgbọala ga-enyere ụgbọelu na-adị ndụ a ụgbọelu okuku. Ndị kasị eju anya bụ na-amu amu omee malitere naanị maka oru nsogbu na nke ọtụtụ afọ n'efu agha ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara si gburugburu ụwa.

All ndị nwere ndị nchepụta nke parachute Kotelnikov mụụrụ na ya onwe ya ga-efu. Ego bụ uko, mgbe mgbe, na-skimp na nkọwa. Mbipụta nke lanarị craft ama esịn si kites na St. Petersburg ụlọ. Boilermakers nwetara a tojupụtara nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke diri inyinya. Ahụmahụ wee ebe otu mgbe ndị ọzọ. Nke nta nke nta, na nchepụta wee kwesịrị nṅomi nhazi nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nnapụta ego. Nke a e kwesịrị ịbụ a inogide na fechaa parachute. The obere na abụrụ, o nwere ike mgbe niile na onye na-enyere ndị dị na kasị dị ize ndụ oge.

Nka na ụzụ mbipụta

Iji okè parachute imewe jupụtara na ọtụtụ oké njọ-adịghị emezi emezi. Nke mbụ bụ a n'ezie itu ukwu anya, bụ ndị na-eche na pilot n'oge dome ngosi. Ya mere Gleb Kotelnikov (onye mepụtakwara na parachute) ewepụtara oge dị ukwuu imewe nke nkwusioru usoro. ya nwekwara ọtụtụ ugboro ka Redo mgbakwunye. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji na-ezighị ezi imewe lanarị craft na mmadụ nwere ike na-enweghị usoro bugharia na ikuku.

Ya mbụ nlereanya ugbo elu azu paaki parachute nchepụta enyocha on nwa bebi, mannequins. Dị ka o ji silk na ákwà. Ka okwu a nwere ike na a mma ọsọ Lower onye n'ala, o were anyị banyere 50 square mita nke na-akpa ákwà. First Kotelnikov apịaji parachute n'ime headgear, ma ọ nwere ike dabara ukwuu silk. The echepụta nwere abịa na ihe mbụ ngwọta maka nsogbu a.

Echiche nke a azu paaki

Ikekwe aha nke nchepụta nke parachute ga-dị iche iche ma ọ bụrụ na Gleb Kotelnikov echeghị dozie nsogbu nke mpịachi parachute na a pụrụ iche azu paaki. Iji dabara ya okwu-abịa na ihe mbụ ịbịaru na mgbagwoju anya ọnwụ ọrụ. N'ikpeazụ, nchepụta malitere ike mbụ prototype. Na nke a na nwunye nyeere ya aka.

N'oge na-adịghị, ọ dị njikere RC-1 (Russian - Kotelnikovsky). Inside azu paaki bụ a pụrụ iche metal shelf na abụọ eriri igwe iyi. Boilermakers mere Ọdịdị dị otú ahụ na ọ nwere ike meghere ozugbo o kwere omume. N'ihi na nke a pilot mkpa naanị sere pụrụ iche eriri. The iyi n'ime azu paaki oghe dome na ọdịda ghọrọ mụrụmụrụ.

Ịrụcha metụrụ

The parachute mejupụtara 24 canvases. Dum dome wee èbè, nke na-ejikọrọ na nghọta straps. Ha ịgà nko na ala, eyi a onye. Ọ bụ a iri na abuo nke ukwu, ubu na obi eriri. E nwere nakwa kemgbe nyere loops maka ụkwụ. parachute ngwaọrụ na-enye ohere pilot ịchịkwa ya n'oge ụmụ n'ala.

Mgbe o doro anya na mepụtara ga-a itunanya ke ụgbọelu, Kotelnikov nchegbu banyere copyright. Ọ gaghị a patent na, ya mere, ọ bụla ala ọzọ onye hụrụ parachute ke edinam na ịghọta ụkpụrụ nke ya ịrụ ọrụ, nwere ike na-ezu ohi echiche. Nsogbu ndị a mere Gleb Paton akwaga ha ule na ìsì Novgorod ebe gwara nwa nke nchepụta. Na a ga-anwale ikpeazụ version nke ọhụrụ nnapụta ụgbọala.

The alụ maka a patent

The ịtụnanya akụkọ nke mepụtara nke parachute iso August 10, 1911, mgbe Kotelnikov dere a zuru ezu leta Ministry of War. Ọ kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu nke teknuzu e ji mara nke ọhụrụ ihe, na kọwara mkpa nke ya, mmejuputa iwu-ndi-agha na obodo ụgbọelu. N'ezie, naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugbo elu mụbara, na ọ na-egwu site ọhụrụ ọnwụ nke obi ike na-anya ụgbọelu.

Otú ọ dị, nke mbụ Nyquist akwụkwọ ozi, nwere furu efu. Ọ na-doro anya ugbu a na nchepụta ga-obibi na egwu red teepu. Ọ malitere na pester Agha Office dị iche iche Ụlọrụ. N'ikpeazụ Gleb E. bilitere na Kọmitii nke mepụtara. Otú ọ dị, rụọ ọrụ a ngalaba jụrụ echiche nke mmebe. Ha ekweghị ka a patent, ihe ka mepụtara na-abaghị uru.

ude

Mgbe odida n'ụlọ Kotelnikov mere ukara ndebanye nke ya mepụtara na France. Na nọworo ihe mere March 20, 1912. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gbara mbọ na-ahazi a n'ozuzu ule, nke e gara site ụgbọelu na ndị ọzọ ahụ aka na-eto eto na Russian ụgbọelu. Ha gafere June 6, 1912 n'ime obodo nke Salyuzi nso St. Petersburg. Mgbe ọnwụ nke Gleb Paton obodo a e renamed Kotelnikovo.

June ụtụtụ n'ihu juru ọha pilot balloon bee na njedebe nke akaghị, na a zụrụ n'ụzọ pụrụ iche mannequin malitere-ada n'ala. Na-ege ntị na-ele ihe na-eme na ikuku na-enyemaka nke maka anya abuo. Mgbe a ole na ole sekọnd na usoro na-arụ ọrụ, na nke elu-igwe we da oghe dome. N'ụbọchị ahụ, e nweghị ifufe, nke a na ihe mere mannequin rutere nri na ụkwụ ya, guzo n'ebe a ole na ole sekọnd, daa. Mgbe nke a n'ihu ọha ule ụwa mata onye na nchepụta nke ụgbọelu azu paaki parachute.

Mass mmepụta nke parachutes

First usoro mmepụta nke RC-1 malitere na France na 1913. Ina parachutes mụbara site na iji mgbe anya mbụ World War. The Russian nnapụta ngwa iwu na-mkpa n'ihi na ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Ilya Muromets". Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ RK-1 nọgidere oké mkpa na Soviet Air Force.

Mgbe Bolshevik ọchịchị Kotel'nikov wee na-na-mgbanwe akpasarade mepụtara. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Zhukovsky, ịkọrọ ha aerodynamic laabu. Ahụmahụ jumping na parachutes ule ụdị aghọwo a uka ntem - ha ajụjụ maka a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkiri. Na 1923, e nwere ihe nlereanya RC-2. Gleb Kotelnikov enyewo ha na a ọkara soft akpa. Nke a sochiri a ole na ole mgbanwe. Parachutes ghọrọ ihe adaba na ndị bara uru.

N'out oge na ya na-echepụta ọrụ Kotelnikov ewepụtara a ọtụtụ oge na-enyere ndị na-efe efe club. Ọ lectured, bụ a welcome guest na sports obodo. Na 55 afọ n'ihi na nchepụta kwụsịrị nwere. All ya ketara ka o nyere ndị Soviet steeti. N'ihi ọtụtụ rụzuru Nyquist e ọdịda nke Order nke Red Star.

Ịbụ lara ezumike nká, Kotel'nikov nọgidere na-adị n'ebe ugwu isi obodo. O dere, sị akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ. Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere, otu agadi na ubé ịhụ Gleb E. Otú ọ dị, were ifịk akụkụ nzukọ nke ikuku agbachitere Leningrad. Mgbochi oyi na ụnwụ mesoo a isi igbu ya ike. Nyquist na kpọpụrụ na Moscow, ebe ọ nọ nwụọ na November 22, 1944. Famous nchepụta e wee lie ya Novodevichy Ili Ozu.