German Confederation (1815 - 1866)

Confederation akpọ "German Union" kere a obere ihe karịa afọ 50. Ọ bụ iji na-a ikwere n'etiti ndị dị ọtụtụ German na-ekwu.

Ndabere nke

N'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ya akụkọ ihe mere eme, Germany, e kewara ọtụtụ isi, duchies na alaeze. Nke a bụ n'ihi na akụkọ ihe mere eme atụmatụ nke mmepe nke a n'ókèala. Na X narị afọ na ọ e kere Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Ọ na-eweta ọnụ niile German ekwu, ma dị iche iche na-ekwu n'ime ya ụtọ obodo kwụụrụ.

N'ime oge ahụ, eze ukwu ahụ ike na-eto na-adịghị ike, na na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ na Europe mebiri Napoleonic agha, nke akpatre gosiri inefficiency nke usoro ihe ochie. Francis II abdicated na 1806 ma ghọọ onye Austrian gọvanọ. Ke adianade do, o nwere nnukwu ókèala na Central Europe: Hungary, Czech Republic, Croatia na na ..

N'ebe ugwu nke Austria, bụ nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obere na-ekwu, nakwa dị ka Alaeze Prussia, nke ghọrọ isi-ama nke Austria. Mgbe Napoleon e meriri, ndị eze nile nke Afrika zutere na Vienna na 1814 na-atụle ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ụwa iji. The German ajụjụ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi, n'ihi na Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom, de facto, agaghịkwa adị.

The mkpebi nke Vienna Congress

Site na mkpebi nke Congress nke Vienna, June 8, 1815 na German Confederation e guzobere. Ọ bụ a Confederation - n'otu nke onwe ha na-ekwu. Ha niile nwere otu German njirimara. A nnukwu ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke Confederation arụwo Austrian diplomaati Klemens Metternich.

ókè

Ókè nke German n'otu gụnyere 39 òtù. All n'ime ha chie hà, n'agbanyeghị na ndị ọchịchị nke utu aha dị iche dị ịrịba ama. German mmekorita gụnyere Austrian Alaeze Ukwu, alaeze - Bavaria, Württemberg, Hanover, Prussia, Saxony, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ isi. Anyị nọ nime ya, na obodo mepere emepe Republic (Bremen, Hamburg, Lübec na Frankfurt) na n'oge nile nke Middle Ages na n'oge a ụtọ ùgwù nyere site Kaiser.

Nnukwu mba - Prussia na Austria, na-alụkwa ala, nke na-de jure abụghị akụkụ nke German Confederation. Ọ bụ ógbè ebe ndị ọzọ ndị mmadụ biri (Hungary, osisi, na na na. D.). Ke adianade do, ihe e kere eke nke German Confederation stipulates ndị pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ ndị German n'ókèala ndị dị na ọzọ na-ekwu. Ka ihe atụ, British okpueze ẹkenịmde ka na Alaeze Hanover. The na-achị usoro ndị eze nọ na London o ketara site n'aka ndị ikwu ya.

na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị atụmatụ

Ọ na-kere site nnọchiteanya ahụ nke German Confederation - Union nzute. Ọ e gara site nnọchiteanya nke niile ndị òtù nke nnokota. Ebe ọ bụ na nzukọ ahụ na nnọkọ na Frankfurt, obodo a na-ewere dị ka a iwu mkpakọrịta nke isi obodo. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nnọchiteanya nke ala dabeere na ya size. N'ihi ya, na Austria nwere ndị kasị-achị isi n'ọgbakọ. Na nke a, ndị nnọchiteanya ahụ na-adịkarịghị okosobode ke zuru ike, na ugbu a nsogbu ga-egbo na a ole na ole nke votes.

Creation nke German Confederation dị mkpa nke mbụ niile obere States, nke chọrọ ịnọgide na-otu ọkwá ya dị ka ọ bụ tupu Napoleon si mbuso agha. European agha shuffled ókè n'ime Germany. Napoleon kere popet ala, nke na-ruo ogologo oge. Ugbu a obere isi na free obodo, ekpe na-enweghị nchebe nke ihe kasị ike n'ime onye nke eze ukwu nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom, na-agbalị ichebe onwe ha site na ike ike agbata obi.

German Confederation na 1815 e oké a dị iche iche nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iche-iche. Ụfọdụ nke ọchịchị ya nọgidere na-adị n'okpuru autocracy, ebe ndị ọzọ nwere nnọchiteanya ozu, na naanị na nke nkeji nwere ya n'usoro ochichi, na ịmachi ike nke eze.

Mgbanwe nke 1848

N'oge na ịdị adị nke German Confederation nke dị n'ókèala ya so n'òtù malitere mgbanwe usoro mmepụta na aku na uba na mgbake. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị njọ ọnọdụ nke proletariat, nke bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akpata nke 1848 mgbanwe. Popular demonstrations megide ọchịchị n'otu oge mere na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ, gụnyere France. Na Austria, mgbanwe na-na-eyi mba agwa - na Hungary choro onwe. Ha na-agbaji nanị mgbe nnapụta nke eze ukwu agha rutere Russian edidem Nicholas I.

Na ọzọ German na-ekwu bụ na mgbanwe nke 1848 mere ka liberalization. Ná mba ụfọdụ, adiaha a n'usoro ochichi.

Austria na Prussian War na mgbasa

Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, ndị dị iche na mmepe dị iche iche òtù nke mmekorita naanị eto. Ike kacha ike mba malitere Prussia na Austria. Ọ bụ banyere esemokwu dị n'etiti ha - banyere onye ga-adị n'otu Germany. The German ndị mmadụ na-esiwanye chọrọ dịrị n'otu n'ime otu ala, dị ka ọ na niile na mba Europe.

German mmekorita apụghị ịba ndị a na-emegiderịta, na 1866 mebiri Austria na Prussian War. Vienna na Berlin kpebiri dozie ha esemokwu site na ike nke ogwe aka. Ke adianade do, na n'akụkụ nke Prussia mere ka Italy, nke chọrọ ka Venice, bụ Austria, na rụchaa ha onwe ha na-akpakọrịta. Obere German na-ekwu, e kere, guzo na ncherita-iru n'akụkụ nke barricades.

Prussia merie ndị agha ekele aku kara ya ndorodoro. The kasị ibu onyinye nke ọma mere kpara chancelo Otto von Bismarck, ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na-achụso a iwu nke ike nke mba. Prussian mmeri mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na German Union kwụsịrị ịbụ mkpa. Ọ disbanded August 23, 1866, a ọnwa mgbe agha biri.

Kama na ọ Prussia kere North German Confederation, na German Empire e guzobere na 1871. Ọ gụnyere niile German ala, gụnyere agbapụtawo mgbe agha na France. Austria nwekwara ekpe nke ihe ndị a na-aghọ a sọrọ onyeeze - Austria-Hungary. Ma alaeze ukwu e bibiri mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.