Agriculture: omenala Shrovetide. Ọnọdụ Shrovetide nke Russia

Pancake na ubi ogide a pụrụ iche n'ebe ugbo na ókèala ndị Russian Federation. Ụdị nke sitere na mkpụrụ osisi ha na mkpụrụ osisi dị oke uru.

Shrovetide kụrụ: ndepụta osisi

A na-eji osisi eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nri, na-eme ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke mmepụta ugbo. Ngwongwo nke kachasi nke Russia bu ihe ndina n'ike, mọstad, soybean, oil castor, sunflower. Ndepụta ahụ na-agụnye perilla, sinmantia, sesame, safflower, ahụekere na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Nhazi nke mmanu mmanu bu otu n'ime isi ihe ndi ulo oru akporo.

Sunflower

Ọ na-eduga ndepụta ahụ, nke gosiri ubi ubi Maslenica. Sunflower na mpaghara anụ ụlọ malitere ịzụlite site na etiti narị afọ nke 18. Site na oge a, a na-emepụta mmanụ mmanụ n'ógbè Kuban, Saratov na Voronezh. Site na mmalite nke Sunflower nke Abụọ bụ ihe dị ka nde hectare atọ. Enwere ike ịkọpụta mmepe nke osisi a na Bulgaria, Hungary na Romania.

Data statistical for the Russian Federation

Mkpụrụ nke sunflower bụ ihe dị ka 4-5 quintals kwa hectare. Na 2011, na mpaghara ndịda, ndị na-egosi bụ 14.5 c / ha, na mpaghara Privolzhsky - 10.7 c / ha. Ala ubi na-emepụta ihe dị ka pasent 27 nke ihe ọkụkụ ahụ. Isi ihe kpatara obere mkpụrụ bụ imebi ihe ọkụkụ na ihe ọkụkụ na agrotechnical usoro nke ịkụ. Tinyere nke a, mmetụta nke nje, ọrịa na pests abụghị ihe kachasị mkpa. Ka o sina dị, sunflower bụ ihe kachasị mma na mmanụ ọkụ. Maka 2006-2010, òkè nke ihe ubi ya dị ihe dị ka pasent 12. Otu n'ime ihe niile na-egosi na a na-emepụta mmanụ, mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-amị mkpụrụ dị ka pasent 80. Na oge Soviet, a kwenyere na a ga-enweta pollination kachasị elu nke hectare site n'enyefe ezinụlọ ezinụlọ 0.5-1. Ka ọ na-erule ná mmalite afọ ndị 1970, a na-emepụta mmanụ aṅụ na 16.3-3.5 kg / ha. Ebe ọ bụ na oge ahụ, ndepụta nke adọ ụdị ụfọdụ na iche sunflower toro na Russia abawanyewo budata.

Ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nke Sunflower

Mmanụ na-abụ ọrụ kachasị nke nhazi nke ọdịbendị. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-enweta ihe dịgasị iche iche ihe ọkụkụ abụọ sitere na sunflower. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji osisi dị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ pulp dị ezigbo mkpa. Ha nwere ihe dị ka 40-48% nke cellulose. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-eji ihe ọkụ ọkụ na-eji emepụta efere. Ebe nile osisi ke agriculture - ọ na-eji dị ka a nri akuku. N'oge ọkọchị na njedebe oge ọkọchị, na-agha mkpụrụ na-agha mkpụrụ, a na-enweta ya site na ya. A na-eji ya eme ihe na nkwadebe nke silage.

Pancake flax

A na-ekesa ya na ebe akọrọ na ebe dị ọkụ. Karịsịa, ọdịbendị na-eto na Western, Central na South Asia, South, North na Central America. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e meela nnyocha dịgasị iche iche iji chọpụta ihe ga-enyere ya aka ịzụlite ya n'ókèala Central Europe. Pancake flax bụ osisi dị ala nke alaka. Ọ na-etolite na 50-80 cm Dabere na ọdịdị nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ alaka dị iche iche site na 2 ruo 10 ma ọ bụ karịa. Flax mmanụ na-eji na-emepụta ihe oriri. Ke adianade do, ọ na-eme dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka agba na akpụkpọ anụ na akpụkpọ ụkwụ. Achịcha linseed nwere oke oriri na-edozi ahụ ma jiri ya mee ihe maka ịkwadebe ndepụta maka nri ehi. Enwere protein, eriri na mmanụ. Achịcha na-etinye aka na ncha linteed. N'ihi mmiri dị na ya, mmiri ara ehi na-aba ụba, pasent abụba na abụba abawanye. Flax ahịhịa nwere ike ji mee ihe na imewe nke na-ede akwụkwọ. A na-ejikwa omenala mmanụ a na ụlọ ọgwụ.

Akụkụ flax na-akọ

Na oge mbu nke agha na Russia, nhazi nke omenala a bụ oge ochie. Naanị na Soviet afọ na sovkhozes na kolkhozes ọ ga-ekwe omume iweliekwu ihe. Emere nke a site n'iji nhazi. Ọtụtụ osisi na-eto eto na-eto, ọ bụghị branching na isi, ma na-enwe alaka si n'etiti steam. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-eji eriri flax emepụta akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ cotonizatsii. Emeputa a na-emekarị na America. Ogwu nke Maslenica flax na-esikarị ike karie nke flag spinning, o nwere obere eriri.

Mọstad ọcha

Omenala shrovetide a sitere na mba Mediterenian, East India na Western Europe. Ebe ọ bụ n'oge ochie, a na-eji mọstad mee ihe dịka ọgwụ herbs na ngwa nri. Dị ka ihe ọkụkụ pancake, e jiri ya na nso nso a. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ nke a na-ahazi dịka ihe ọkụkụ mmiri, a na-akọwa ya site na oke nkesa. Kemgbe iri afọ gara aga, mọstad emeela ka ọ bụrụ ihe nchekwa fodder.

Soybean

Nke a bụ kwa afọ ogwu nke ezinụlọ legumes. Na mgbọrọgwụ nke soybean, enwere nje bacteria pụrụ iche, bụ nke gbanwere mgbanwe nitrogen dị na gburugburu ebe obibi. Soya nwere protein (40-45%), abụba (20%), carbohydrates (30%). Ọ nwekwara ihe dị iche iche ịnweta (banyere 5-6%). Site na ngwakọta protein na amino acid, a na-ewere soy dị ka ihe kachasị nso nke nri anụmanụ. Mkpụrụ osisi na-amụba mgbe niile. Ya mere, kemgbe afọ 1998, ọ dị na ọkwa 156.5 nde. Nke a dị elu karịa data nke 1991-1995 site na pasent 30.

Ebe ndị na-eto eto Sobebe

Na Russia taa, a na-enweta ihe dị ka tọn iri abụọ na iri abụọ kwa afọ. A na-eji otutu n'ime ha eme ihe maka nri. Ebe kachasị na-emepụta mkpụrụ osisi soybean:

1. North Caucasus, Rostov Region, Krasnodar Region Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Agbachi. N'ebe a, ihe dị ka pasent 9.6 nke ihe ọkụkụ ahụ dị na ihe karịrị pasent 13 nke nnukwu owuwe ihe ubi ahụ.
2. N'ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ (Mpaghara Amur, Khabarovsk na Primorsky Krai). N'ime mpaghara a, e nwere ihe karịrị 88% nke ihe ọkụkụ. Akụkụ nke nnukwu collection maka DV bụ pasent 86 nke ngụkọta maka mba ahụ.
3. Ógbè East na West Siberia, Ural na Volga mpaghara. Ihe dịka 1.5% nke ihe ọkụkụ dị n'ebe a na ihe dịka 1% nke mkpokọta owuwe ihe ubi.

Obere

Okpukpe shrovetide a sitere na Turkey na 1792. N'afọ 1825, e mere mgbalị ndị mbụ iji kwadie peekere na Odessa. Taa, na obere ebe, a na-eto osisi na Transcaucasia na Central Asia. A na-azụkọta peekere iji nweta mmanụ na-esi nri sitere na ya. Ngwaahịa a bụ ihe dịka 53% nke ngụkọta. N'ihe banyere protein dị na ahụekere, ọ dị ala karịa otu soy. Ihe dịka ton nke mkpụrụ osisi jupụtara na nkezi na-anata site na 226 ruo 317 n'arọ mmanụ. Nke mbụ, a na-eji ngwaahịa a na confectionery na canning. A na-eji mkpụrụ osisi peanut mee ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbakwunye n'ime usoro ịme chocolate. A na-eji osisi na achicha eji nri anụmanụ. Na hay, ihe ruru protein 11% dị ugbu a. Dịka uru ya bara uru, n'elu adịghị adị ala karịa clover na alfalfa. Maka ụdị nri ndị dị iche iche na-eto eto. Ha enweghi ekpokpo agwa. Nri nke ihe oriri na-aga nri, a na-eji mkpụrụ osisi a gwakọtara agwa mee ihe dị ka ihe oriri na ngwaahịa.