Aircraft mmebe Igor Sikorsky: biography, mepụtara

Taa, Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich dunyere ọma mmepe nke atọ isi ụdị nke oge a na ugbo elu. The nnukwu anọ na-engine ugbo elu, ibu na-efe efe na ụgbọ mmiri na multipurpose helicopters, nke keere òkè dị mkpa na mmepe nke ụgbọelu, pụtara ekele na amamihe nke kpara ugbo elu.

Igor Sikorsky: biography

Aviation ọsụ ụzọ onye a mụrụ May 25, 1889 na Kiev, Ukraine (mgbe - na Russian Alaeze Ukwu). Nna-ya, Ivan, bụ dibịa na prọfesọ nke akparamaagwa. Nne nwekwara a ọgwụ ogo, ma omume mgbe e abuana. Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich mba nke ha echiche set - nna nna ya kemgbe ụbọchị Peter m na-eje ozi nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia, ya mere, ha bụ ndị Russian. Otu nke ya mbụ na-echeta bụ akụkọ nke a nne na-agbalị Leonardo da Vinci chepụta ugbo elu. Site na oge nrọ nke-efe efe weghaara ya pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọ ugboro ugboro na-ekwu banyere ekwe omume iji gosi nke a. N'ikpeazụ, na afọ nke afọ 12, Igor Sikorsky wuru a nlereanya helikopta. Arụ ọrụ na ume nke gbagọrọ agbagọ roba na ìgwè ndị agha, Ọdịdị bilie n'ime ikuku. Ugbu a nwa okoro maara na nrọ ya bụ aghara akụkọ ifo.

egwu njem

A afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe Igor ya na nna ya nọ na-ezu ike na Germany, ọ na-amụta nke mbụ airship ebupụta na-eme site na agụ von Zeppelin. Ọ na-agụ banyere ihe ịga nke ọma ụgbọ elu nke Wright ụmụnna, na e tiri site eziokwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu ihe nweta na obere ebipụta na peeji ikpeazụ. N'oge ahụ, Sikorsky kpebiri iji ndụ ya ụgbọelu. Ya kpọmkwem nzube bụ ịzụlite a na ngwaọrụ na-nwere ike hover karịrị otu ebe ma ọ bụ ofufe ọ bụla chọrọ direction - na helikopta.

Ọ malitere ozugbo ahụ ebu ha nwere na a obere hotel ụlọ, na-eke a rotor na atụ ya inwego. Ọ laghachiri Kiev Igor tụbara Polytechnic Institute na malitere ọtụtụ nchọpụta na abụrụ ebe nke sayensị. Ọ bụ ọbụna iri abụọ, o nwere a oké ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na a otutu echiche, ma obere bara uru ahụmahụ na ego.

School of Aeronautics

Igor Sikorsky anya gara Paris ịzụta engine na n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ maka ya helikopta. E nwere, na mpaghara airfield, ísì ọku Castor mmanụ na-ezughị okè obiọma, okenye ụdị nke ugbo elu, na-agbalị ofufe, ahụ agaghị echefu akara na mkpụrụ obi ya. N'oge na-adịghị Sikorski sonyeere ọhụrụ kere, ukwuu n'ịgba French Aeronautics akwụkwọ, Otú ọ dị, ọkụ n'obi na-amụrụ ga-esi ọ bụla ohere iji nweta n'ime ikuku. Mgbe ịzụ a atọ-cylinder Anzani engine, o zutere Louis Bleriot, bụ ndị na-zụtara engine maka ya ọhụrụ monoplane. A izu ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, a dimkpa Bleriot banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọelu, mere mbụ ụgbọ elu gafee English Channel. Nke a akụkọ ihe mere eme omume n'ụzọ miri metụtara n'ihu mmepe nke ụgbọelu.

The mbụ imewe

Site ufọt ufọt 1909, Igor Sikorsky dechara ya mbụ helikopta. Ma, ihe ọ sọkwara ya sọrọ counter-n'usoro rotor site na ikuku, na unit na-adịghị nwetụrụ ọchịchọ ịkwaga. Sikorski akpatre wuru a biplane na na June nke otu afọ o welitere a ole na ole mita n'ime ikuku. Ka o detụrụ ịga nke ọma n'ihi ọtụtụ dị ka iri na abụọ sekọnd. Na ndị na-esonụ ọnwa, Igor kere ndị ọzọ prototypes mere ha a obere ụgbọ elu na mgbe nyawaa ha, nke bụ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ na mmalite ụbọchị nke ụgbọelu. Ma ọ na-eji undamaged akụkụ na-wuru dị ka ndị a, mma nlereanya. Sikorski e daa mbà mbụ ọdịda, n'ihi na a ọtụtụ mụtara banyere helikọpta na ọ bụ na ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị sotere ugbo elu, onye na-ga-abụ mgbe ya, mgbe n'aka na-enwekwa ọṅụ.

ude

Site n'oge spring 1910 nwalee nke abụọ na esepu rotorcraft ọ na-akwadebe, na nke rụsiri ọrụ ike Sikorski. The helikọpta dị ka isi ike dị ka Onye Okike ya. Ịnọgidesi Ike mmebe bụ ata nti, ma o jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ bịa ná mwute ọgwụgwụ nke na ma eleghị anya, ọ bụ n'ihu nke oge ya na kwesịrị iru a omenala ugbo elu.

N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ, Sikorsky Aircraft ji ọrụ echefugh nrọ ya iwu a ịga nke ọma n'ezie helikopta. Ikebịghike enye natara ubre nke a pilot nke Imperial All-Russia aeroclub na agha eduzi nso Kiev egosiwo ya C-5. E nwere ụgbọ elu zutere Tsar Nicholas II. Next nlereanya C-6a natara kasị elu award na ikuku show na Moscow. Ma a Obere ihe mere, mgbe, n'ihi na nke a anwụnta clogged mmanụ akara, na Sikorsky manyere ka ihe mberede ọdịda, mesịrị bụrụ na-egbu egbu.

"Ilya Muromets" - ụgbọelu ibu

Nke a merenụ mere ụgbọelu echiche nke na-amụba ntụkwasị obi nke ugbo elu site na iji multiple engines - pụrụ iche na buu echiche n'oge ahụ. Sikorski chọrọ iwu a anọ na-engine biplane nnukwu (n'ihi na oge) size. The ụgbọelu na-utu aha "Grand". N'ihu ụgbọelu bụ a nnukwu n'èzí mbara ihu. A sara mbara njem ogige dị n'azụ kokpiiti.

Na May 1913 ụgbọelu rụrụ ya nke mbụ ya ule ụgbọ elu. Nke a ụgbọ elu bụ a oge nke afọ ojuju, dị ka ọtụtụ Sikorski kwuru na ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu ugbo elu nwere ike adịghị ofufe. Okwukwe ya na echiche ha na mkpebi siri ike na-arapara ha kweere Nyenụ narị. Tsar Nicholas II bịara inyocha na "Grand" na maka mmepe nke anọ mbụ-engine ụgbọelu ụgbọelu mmebe ka ọkọnọ kanyere nche. Ume Sikorsky wuru ihe ọbụna ibu ugbo elu, kpọrọ "Ilya Muromets". The ụgbọelu nwere ihe na-emeghe akwa n'elu fuselage, ebe dimkpa njem pụrụ iguzo na-enwe mma n'okpuru. Big ụgbọ ahụ a sensashion ndị agha, na ndị nnọchiteanya nke Russian Navy rutere Petrograd inyocha atụ, onwem na pontoons.

The mbụ World

Mgbe mgbu mmadu nke Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand Russia na-tọrọ Mbụ Agha Ụwa. "Ilya Muromets" ghọọ a bombu, nke ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke Russian ikuku iwe megide Germany. Na ngụkọta, ụgbọelu abuana ke karịrị 400 ọpụpụ, na na onye e mebiri site-emegide ugbo elu ọkụ. Mgbe na 1917 na Bolshevik mgbanwe kpochapụ alaeze ukwu, anyị akụkọ dike kpebiri ịhapụ mba ahụ. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1918 Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich, bụ onye ezinụlọ nọgidere na Russia, na-ahapụ ihe niile onye nwere, ọ gara Paris, ebe ọ malitere chepụta a nnukwu otu bombu maka Air Service United States Army. Ma ọgwụgwụ nke agha me njedebe ọrụ ya. A ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị, ọ kwaga na US, Sikorsky na-emezu nrọ nke ndụ ya. Na United States, o nweghị enyi ma ọ bụ ego. Ma ọ na-sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, n'ihi na m chere na a na mba ndị mmadụ na guzo echiche nwere ohere ịga nke ọma.

The American nrọ

Mgbe a obere oge, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ "McCook Field" na Dayton, Ohio, na-enyere ịzụlite a ibu-bombu. Ma mgbe ụgbọelu e weere a na-anwụ anwụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị ọrụ Sikorski laghachiri New York. Ghara ịchọta a ọrụ na ụgbọelu ụlọ ọrụ, ọ malitere nkuzi maka Russian kwabatara mgbakọ na mwepụ na mbara igwe. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ gara obodo airfields na werekwa ntachi-ele ala ọzọ ụgbọelu. Igor malitere na ihe nkuzi na isiokwu nke ụgbọelu na nwetara a ego ohere iji laghachi ya mmasị na-akpata. Sikorsky mepụtara ejima-engine azụmahịa ugbo elu, ike ibu 12 ruo 15 njem - na obu ụzọ nke oge a airliner.

mbụ American

Mgbe dum n'ịkpa ahụ chọrọ ego, Sikorsky malitere iwu nke ugbo elu n'ọba nke a okuko ugbo na Long Island. Ma akụkụ ahụ niile bụ ezughị ego, o ji otutu nke kwesịrị ekwesị mmiri si obodo landfills. The engines agadi, Mbụ Agha Ụwa. N'ikpeazụ, oké Russian dere Sergei Rachmaninoff napụtara obodo na ndenye aha na ego nke $ 5,000. Mgbe ọhụrụ ugbo elu dị njikere maka ya mbụ ule ụgbọ elu, na ugbo elu asatọ na-enyere aka gbakọtara osisi. Igor Sikorsky maara na ọ bụ a ndudue, ma apụghị m agọnahụ ha. Mgbe a ngwa ngwa amalite engines okpu, na Igor ihe mberede ọdịda idiọk idiọk etisa ụgbọelu. O yiri ka nke a bụ njedebe. Ma Sikorski ogologo oge gara aga mụtara ghara ịda mbà mgbe a ọnwa ole na ole weghachiri ụgbọelu na-akpọ C-29-A. Letter "A" ebe a na-ezo aka na okwu "America". C-29-A bụ ihe ijuanya na mma ugbo elu, hụ na ego ịga nke ọma nke ụlọ ọrụ Sikorsky. Aviator Roscoe Turner zụrụ ụgbọelu na-ebu mgbe niile na ichata flights. E mesịa, ndị unit ọbụna mee ka a na-efe efe sịga store.

Na 1926, dum ụgbọelu ụwa obi ụtọ banyere na-agbata n'ọsọ na ego nke $ 25,000, nke e chọrọ site onye mbụ, na-akwa thro ụgbọ elu n'etiti New York na Paris. Sikorski jụrụ iwu a nnukwu atọ-engine biplane maka a French agha dike Rene Fonck, atụmatụ na-enweta a na-agbata n'ọsọ. The-arụ ọrụ bụ na a ọsọ ọsọ na ndị ikpeazụ preparations tupu ọgwụgwụ nke na ụgbọ elu ule. N'oge takeoff ṅụbigara ugbo elu kpaliri site na Milo. Ole na ole sekọnd, ọ ghọọ a na-enwusi inferno. Fonck alagbụrụkwaara, ma abụọ arụ ọrụ òtù e gburu. Fọrọ nke nta ozugbo a obi ike France nyere iwu ọzọ ụgbọelu nke abụọ oge na-agbalị iji na-enweta na-agbata n'ọsọ. Ma, tupu e wuru, ọ dịghịkwa onye maara Charles Lindbergh dechara ya solo ụgbọ elu gafee Atlantic Ocean, ga-enweta a na-agbata n'ọsọ na mmasị nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ.

"The American mkpagide"

Ọzọkwa, ụlọ ọrụ Sikorsky nọ na-eburu ya adị. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kpebiri-ewu a ejima-engine amphibian. The ụgbọelu bụ nnọọ irè na a pụrụ ịdabere, na Sikorsky kere a nsoro nke ugbo elu. Fọrọ nke nta ozugbo, na Pan American Airways eji amphibians maka owuwu nke ọhụrụ ikuku ụzọ gasị na Central na South America.

N'oge na-adịghị Sikorski nwere iwu ọ na-agaghị emezu. Ọ hazigharịrị ụlọ ọrụ na wuru a ọhụrụ factory na Stratford, Conn. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na ụlọ ọrụ ghọrọ a Foto ekesịpde enyemaka "United Aircraft Corporation". Sikorsky nyere iji rụọ a nnukwu seaworthy iga ugbo elu ka Pan Am, nke bụ ịghọ onye ọsụ ụzọ na ubi nke trans-Oceanic iga. Ebube "American mkpagide" bụ nke abụọ ọhụrụ ụdị ugbo elu, ugbo elu mmebe kere. The akụkụ nke ugbo elu bụ fọrọ nke nta ugboro abụọ na size nke ọzọ ugbo elu n'oge. Ná ngwụsị nke 1931, mgbe Oriaku Gerbert Guver "obe" "mkpagide", Charles Lindbergh mere ya mbụ ụgbọ elu si Miami na Panama Canal.

Nke a nnukwu na-efe efe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na obu ụzọ nke a usoro nke yiri aparata na meghere US ikuku ụzọ gasị gafee oké osimiri. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mma bụ C-42, bụ nke e dechara na 1934 na nwere magburu onwe e ji mara nke nyeere Lindbergh kwa ụbọchị ka 8 ụwa ndekọ n'ihi na ọsọ, nso na payload! Obere oge, Pan Am-efe efe ụgbọ mmiri na-eji na-emeghe ikuku njikọ n'etiti US na Argentina. Mgbe ọnwa isii gasịrị, ọzọ "mkpagide" ama nke Alameda, California na meghere ntụ aga Hawaii. Nke a sochiri ọzọ ikuku ụzọ gasị gafee Pacific na New Zealand. Na 1937, ọzọ "mkpagide" mere nke mbụ mgbe nile elu gafee North Atlantic. Ugbu a oké transatlantic ugbo elu Sikorsky nọ na-achụ azụmahịa njem site ma isi oké osimiri.

Nrọ-emezu

N'oge niile ndị a afọ nke ọma ụgbọelu mmebe Igor Sikorsky echefughị ya ọchịchọ iwu a bara helikopta. Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ dị ya ka a craft, kama ọ bu nrọ, ọ chọrọ ime ka ndụ karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. Na 1939, Sikorsky akpatre ghọtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ndụ ya, ebe mepụtara mbụ bụ helikopta. Ma ngwaọrụ bụ ndị dị otú ahụ a kpam kpam ọhụrụ na-esi ike nsogbu na mmebe bụ na-etinye onwe ya idozi ya. Ọ bụ ihe ịma aka na-akpọ ya niile na-ọgụgụ isi, ike na hụrụ n'anya na-efe. Ma nke a nweta ya ohere ọzọ na-na verge nke a ịma aka ọhụrụ, nke ruo ogologo oge rọrọ nke Sikorsky. The helikopta bụ a onye nzube ugbo elu ruo ihe karịrị iri afọ atọ. Na ugbu a, na mmiri nke na 1939, ọ malitere ya imewe, na-eji echiche na-akwakọba n'oge niile a. Site September na unit dị njikere maka mbụ ule. The igwe nwere otu isi na abụọ obere ịghasa na njedebe nke tubular òkè nke fuselage - ịgbagha torque. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-eji pụrụ iche usoro nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na n'akuku nke rotor pupụtara n'oge adiana. Ke incredibly obere ọnwa isii nke oge ọ e merie otu n'ime-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị nsogbu nke ụgbọelu.

Ime mgbanwe ka imewe na 1941. Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich nye nke mbụ ndekọ nke oge nke elu - 1 hour 5 nkeji na 14 sekọnd. Ụbọchị abụọ gasịrị, onwem na floats nke igwe nwere ike na-amalite ma na ala na na mmiri. Ya mere Sikorski mere ya nke atọ dị mkpa onyinye ụgbọelu gụnyere nrọ nke a iju-efe efe igwe, nke ga-eje ozi ọzọ zuru okè na-ejere ndi mmadu na-adọta mmasị ụwa na ya elu maneuverability na ikuku. Ọzọkwa, helikọpta ga-a ncheta a nwoke na okwukwe siri ke akwa dream na ọbụna karịa onwe-obi, nke kwere ka iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ.

Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich, mepụtara nke nke ekpe a kwesiri ngosi akara na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụgbọelu, akpa October 26, 1972.