Ajụjụ Eastern

Okwu "Eastern Question" dị ka echiche bilitere na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 18, mana dị ka okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ malitere iji ya malite na 30 nke narị afọ nke 19. O ji ihe atọ mebie ọmụmụ ya n'otu oge: ọdịda nke obodo Ottoman dị ike, ọganihu nke nnwere onwe ntọghata a na-eduga n'ịbụ ohu ndị Turkey, na mmebiwanye nke esemokwu dị n'etiti mba Europe maka ịchịisi na Middle East.

Na "Eastern Question", na mgbakwunye na nnukwu ike Europe, Egypt, Syria, akụkụ nke Transcaucasia, na ndị ọzọ na-gụnyere.

Ná ngwụsị nke narị afọ nke 18, alaeze ukwu nke Ottoman Turks, otu ugboro-egosi ihe egwu, we da n'ala disrepair. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe a niile bara uru n'Austria, nke nwere ike ịbanye na Hungary site na Hungary na Balkans, na Russia, bụ nke gbasaa ókèala ya na Oké Osimiri Ojii n'olileanya ịba n'ụsọ oké osimiri Mediterranean.

Ha nile malitere site na nnupụisi nke ndị Gris na narị afọ nke 20 na narị afọ nke 19. Ọ bụ ihe omume a mere ka West mee. Mgbe Turkish sultan jụrụ ịnakwere nnwere onwe nke ndị Hellenic, njikọ aka nke ndị agha Russia, British na French gburu ndị Turkish na ndị Ijipt naval flotilla. N'ihi ya, Gris wepụtara onwe ya na yok Turkish, mgbe Moldavia, Serbia na Wallachia - ógbè Balkan nke Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman - nwetara nnwere onwe, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị na ya.

N'ime iri afọ atọ nke otu narị afọ ahụ, ihe niile dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa nke Turkey nke Ottoman abanyelarịrị n'omume "ọwụwa anyanwụ": "Ijipt weghachitere Siria site na ya suzerain, naanị enyemaka England nyere aka weghachi ya.

N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere nsogbu ọzọ: nri ịgafe isi ike nke Dardanelles na Bosphorus, nke e-achịkwa site Turks. Dị ka mgbakọ ahụ si kwuo, ọ dịghị ụgbọ mmiri agha nke ụgbọ ala ọzọ nwere ikike ịgafere amaokwu ndị a dị warara, ma ọ bụrụ na Turkey nọ n'ọnọdụ udo.

Nke a megidere ọdịmma nke Russia. The "Eastern Question" na narị afọ nke 19 nakweere ụzọ dị iche iche maka Russia mgbe o mere ka ndị Turks gbakọọ aka n'agha ahụ megide Pasha Ijipt. Against ndabere nke mmeri nke Ottoman agha eze Nikolai mbụ ẹkenam Bosphorus ya skwodron na enweta ọtụtụ agha, ostensibly iji chebe Istanbul.

N'ihi ya, a kwubiri nkwekọrịta, dịka nanị agha agha Russia ga-esi banye nsogbu ndị Turkey.

Afọ iri mgbe e mesịrị, na mmalite nke forties, "ajụjụ ọwụwa anyanwụ" ghọrọ nnukwu. Porta, onye kwere nkwa ime ka ọnọdụ ndụ nke akụkụ Ndị Kraịst nke ndị bi na ya dị mma, emeghị ihe ọ bụla. Na ndị Balkan dị naanị otu ụzọ: ịmalite ịlụso agha mgbaghara Ottoman. Ma mgbe ahụ na-Russian Tsar choro na Sultan nke ikike nchedo nke Orthodox na-achị, ma Sultan jụrụ. N'ihi ya, agha Russia-Turkish malitere, bụ nke meriri n'agha ndị agha na-ama jijiji.

N'agbanyeghi na agha Russia rurula, agha Russo-Turkish bu otu n'ime ihe ndi ozo nke okwu "Eastern Eastern". Usoro ntọhapụ nke mba Slavic South malitere. Ọchịchị Turkey na Balkans nwetara ụda ọnwụ.

"Eastern Ajụjụ" na Russia na mba ọzọ amụma enyene ọrụ dị mkpa, nwere isi ihe abụọ na ntụziaka maka ya: nke a bụ Caucasus na Balkans.

N'ịgbalị ịbawanye ihe onwunwe ya na Caucasus, ndị Russia Tsar gbalịrị ịhụ na ejikọta ya na obodo ndị ọ bụla e weghaara.

N'otu oge ahụ, na Balkans, ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ chọrọ inyere ndị agha Russia aka, ndị agha Ottoman jụrụ megidere isi ike.

Site n'enyemaka nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Serbia na Bulgarian, ndị agha ndị agha na-ewere obodo ndị Andrianople, si otú ahụ kwụsị agha ahụ.

Na Kara direction a tọhapụrụ a ịrịba òkè nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Armenia, nke ghọọ a ịrịba omume na-alụ agha.

N'ihi ya, a bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta, nke na-ekwu na Russia nwetara nnukwu ókèala site n'Oké Osimiri Ojii nke Caucasus, yana ọtụtụ mpaghara Armenia. E kpebisiri ike ikwu okwu banyere nnwere onwe Gris.

N'ihi ya, Russia rụzuru ozi ya n'ebe ndị Armenia na ndị Gris nọ.