Akpaka égbè Simonov: atụmatụ na foto

ABC-36 - akpaka égbè Simonov, wepụtara na 1936. Izizi ka a ngwá agha onwe-loading égbè, ma na-emepụta na kwukwara ndozi queues agbapụ mode. Bụ nke mbụ akpaka égbè ụlọ maka 7,62, nke e kuchiri site Soviet Union, na ụwa mbụ égbè na klas a, banyere ọrụ ụkpụrụ. Na nke ikpeazụ na-eru ABC-36 dị nnọọ a ọnwa ole na ole n'ihu nke American M1 Garand. Taa, anyị ga-ele anya na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na mmepụta nke akpaka égbè Simonov na isi oru kwa.

imewe

The mbụ prototype akpaka égbè Simonov ke ẹkenam ke 1926. Ebe enyocha chọrọ S. G. Simonovym ngo ogbunigwe kọmitii kpebiri na ha agaghị ekwe ka ngwá agha ndị a na-ele ule. Na 1930, mpi na ogwe aka na mmebe ịga nke ọma. Simon isi osompi ke imewe nke akpaka égbè ghọrọ FV Tokarev. Na 1931, n'ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ na rụọ égbè ya Simonov ukwuu ya kwalite.

ude

Simonov akpaka égbè pụtara ọma nwalere na saịtị, n'ihi na Soviet gunsmiths kpebiri ịhapụ a obere ogbe nke ABC maka a dum usu ndi nāpunara madu ule. N'out oge na ntọhapụ nke ndị mbụ ogbe e nyere ka usoro na mmalite nke 1934 na-amalite na-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta. Hapụ zubere iru na Izhevsk, ebe Simon wee na onye na-enyere aka na nzukọ nke mmepụta usoro. Na March 1934, ndị na Kọmitii nke Defense nke USSR nakweere a mkpebi na ABC-36 mmepe maka mmepụta ike na-esote afọ.

Dị ka ule results 1935-1936 nlereanya afọ Simon abụrụwo budata mma karịa sample Tokarev. Na nke a n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na iche iche ABC samples n'oge ule ada ada. Ná mmechi nke chọpụtara ọrụ, ihe kpatara nke breakdowns ígwè n'ichepụta ntụpọ, bụghị chepụta flaws. Gosiri na nke a bụ ndị mbụ prototypes nke égbè, nke e nwere na-enweghị a ezumike ruo 27 puku gbaa.

n'ịkpa

Na 1936, ihe akpaka égbè Simonov nakweere USSR. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na akpaka ngwá agha n'okpuru Red Army égbè katrij 7,62. Ngwá agha banyere ọrụ dị iche si prototype esote imewe ngwọta.

Na 1938, ABC-36 mbụ gosiri n'ihu ọha na Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ agha Nme. Ọ nọ na-ebu akụ First Moscow Proletarian Division. February 26 n'otu afọ, Ai Bykhov, Director nke Izhevsk osisi, kwuru na ABC (akpaka égbè Simonov) n'ụzọ zuru ezu mụtara na-etinye n'ime uka mmepụta.

E mesịa, mgbe Stalin ga ịtụ iji rụọ akpaka égbè enweghị ekwe omume nke na-agba na akpaka mode, ABC-36 ga-anọchi SVT-38. Ihe kpatara mkpebi dị otú ahụ na ojuju nke akpaka ọkụ malitere ịzọpụta mgbọ.

Mgbe ABC-36 na nakweere, olu nke ya mmepụta amụbawo budata. Ya mere, na 1934, si n'agbụrụ ebu 106 mbipụta, na 1935 - 286, na 1937 - 10280, na na 1938 - 23401. Production n'ihu wee rue 1940. Site na nke oge a, e wepụtara fọrọ nke nta 67 puku égbè.

imewe

The na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke akpaka égbè dabeere na ihe ịma aka nke powder, haruru. Ihe nlereanya nwere ike igba ma otu cartridges ma ọ bụ akpaka mode. Ịmafe agbapụ ụdịdị a na-eme site na a pụrụ iche menjuobi, emi odude ke n'akụkụ aka nri nke erite. Single mode bụ isi. Gbaa ị na-adabere na ihe omume nke ihe ezughi oke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke igwe na egbe na nkewa. Ma ihe ndị na-aga n'ihu ọkụ, o kwere ka ndị agha naanị na oké njọ mgbe e nwere na mberede agha nke ndị iro n'ebe dị anya na-erughị 150 mita. Na nke a n'usoro i nwere ike ịnọ ihe karịrị 4 echekwa, iji zere ekpo oke ọkụ ma na-eyi nke isi ihe nke égbè.

Gas ejikwara nzukọ, a pistin nke nwere a obere ọrịa strok, emi odude n'elu gbọmgbọm. Vetikal ngọngọ (nkpirikpi), na kpochidoro aro na-akpali na ohere mpere nke erite. Line Ndahie unit deviates si vetikal site banyere 5 Celsius, nke mmemmem aka akpọchi ndị shutter. Mgbe ngọngọ na-akpali elu, ọ na-abịa n'ime shutter notches na gbachiri ya. Ịkpọghe na-adị mgbe ipigide nke e jikọtara ya na a gas pistin unit squeezes ala. N'ihi na eziokwu na kpochidoro unit dị n'agbata magazine na breech, na cartridges na nri n'ime-ulo site a ogologo na nkpoda ụzọ, mgbe mgbe n'ihi na igbu oge. Ke adianade do, site n'onye ahụ nke a karịsịa erite kemgbe nnukwu n'ogologo na mgbagwoju ke imewe.

Akpaka égbè Simonov nwekwara a mgbagwoju ụzọ ámá, chọpụtara n'ime nke: firing pin na a mmiri, akụkụ nke akpalite na usoro na ngwa protivootskoka. Versions égbè nyere tupu 1936, dị iche iche akpalite na ngwaọrụ, ịkpụ-apụ ma na-akwụsị mainspring.

égbè ụdịdị

Dị ka ntụziaka, na égbè mode Ịkpọ oku na-egbochi site a pụrụ iche isi, nweta nke bụ naanị na squad. Na pụrụ iche ikpe, ọ kwere agha nyefee ha égbè ka akpaka mode. Ime ntụziaka gbasoro ndị agha - a moot uche. Ọ bụ na-akpali mara na na ikpe nke a égbè Fyodorov ga-esi n'aka nke a sụgharịrị ọkụ nwere ike naanị agha na-mechaa kwesịrị ekwesị ule. Na n'oge Vietnam War, na US ọrụ nche gbara ntụgharị okwu usoro na agha M14 égbè, iji zere ohere nke na-eme ịkụ égbè, nke, dị ka n'ihe banyere nke ABC-36, bụ ihe fọrọ nke na-abaghị uru na oru nke ọkụ na ya. Gbaa ya na-atụ aro na supine itie ke akpaka mode, na-akwụsị, na otu prikladkoy dị ka mgbe agbapụ site egbe DP. Agbapụ otu gbaa si a eguzo ma ọ bụ ọdụ, na-ejide a égbè shooter na ala nke ụlọ ahịa ya aka ekpe.

ọnụego

Nka na ụzụ ọnụego ọkụ akpaka égbè Simonov bụ banyere 800 agba kwa nkeji. Na omume, Otú ọ dị, a ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ nnọọ ala. Zụrụ àkú-eji jupụta ụlọ ahịa na-amị 25 agba kwa nkeji otu oriọna 50 - queues, na 80 - na-aga n'ihu ọkụ. emeghe ụdị Sipe nwere a n'anya nso nke si 100 1500 m, na increments nke 100 m.

The mgbọ ọkọnọ

égbè mgbọ ọkọnọ e mere si kemwepu sickle echekwa, na-esetịpụ 15 agba. store udi e mere site ọnụnọ nke projecting rim na katrij na-eji. Kwadebenụ ụlọ ahịa nwere ike ịbụ ma iche iche si ngwá agha, na na ya, si mgbe Obere vidiyo. N'omume nke égbè nyere tupu 1936 nwekwara ike-onwem na ụlọ ahịa na 10 na 20 cartridges.

bayoneeti

Ogwe Simonov akpaka égbè e onwem na a oke Ekechila ọnụ breeki na ugwu a bayoneeti. On na mbụ nsụgharị nke bayoneeti ike mmasị bụghị naanị ịgbasapụ kamakwa ekwesị n'ala nkpirikpi. N'ụzọ dị otú a ya kwesŽrŽ na-eji dị a otu-legged ersatz bipod maka agbapụ na-ewekarị ọnọdụ. Otú ọ dị, nkọwa nke égbè, agbala na 1937, machibidoro ndị dị otú ahụ iji bayoneeti-mma, prescribing kama igba ke akpaka mode, na-emesi dina turf ma ọ bụ bedroll. Onwere, a update bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, nyere na kemgbe 1936 aba n'oru égbè na a bayoneeti-ighe. O doro anya na, mara mma na nchepụta echiche nke rụọ na arụmọrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ nkịtị ihe, dị ka a bayoneeti, na omume, na-agu n'onye ezi omume ya. N'oge njem anabata bayoneeti na ya n'ọbọ-ya kpọgidere ya na ájị ya fighter, ebe ọ nọrọ, na mgbe agbapụ.

technical e ji mara

Simonov akpaka égbè nwere ndị na-esonụ parameters:

1. Ibu na bayoneeti na n'ọbọ, ngwa anya anya na ụlọ ahịa jupụta cartridges - banyere 6 n'arọ.
2. Ibu ibu nke égbè enweghị bayonets, nlegharị anya na ụlọ ahịa - 4.050 n'arọ.
3. Ibu onwem ụlọ ahịa - 0,675 n'arọ.
4. Arọ nke efu ụlọ ahịa - 0,350 n'arọ.
5. Mass bayoneeti scabbard - 0,550 n'arọ.
6. Ibu n'anya na mgbodo - 0,725 n'arọ.
7. Mgbodo Arọ - 0,145 n'arọ.
8. Mass ibughari akụkụ (na esiwe na shutter njikọ platoon) - 0,5 n'arọ.
9. Magazine ike - 15 agba.
10. Caliber - 7,62 mm.
11. Ogologo na bayoneeti - 1.520 m.
12. Ogologo enweghị bayoneeti - 1.260 m.
13. Na ogologo nke a rifled gbọmgbọm òkè - 0.557 m.
14. Number nke grooves - 4.
15. Ofufe elu - 29,8 mm.
16. Na ogologo nke shutter strok - 130 mm.
17. Firing nso (sighting) - 1500 m.
18. Flight nso bullet (pridelnyh) - 3000 m.
19. Ekechila ọnụ ike ọsọ (mbụ) - 840 m / s.
20. Rate ọkụ (Technical) - 800 agba kwa nkeji.

nọchiri

Ka 22, 1938 e kwuru ọzọ mpi maka mmepe nke a ọhụrụ ọkara akpaka égbè, dabeere na ihe ịma aka nke powder, haruru. Na mpi ule, inyịme site na mbubreyo n'oge okpomọkụ na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke otu afọ, na-aga Simon usoro, Tokarev, Rukavishnikova na ndị ọzọ na-erughị ama gunsmiths. Ke mbubreyo November, ẹkenịmde nchịkọta ọnwụnwa, nke rụpụtara ke February 1939 maka ọrụ ke Soviet Union were égbè Tokarev, a na-akpọ CBT-38. Tupu nke a, na 19 January, Simonov kwuru mkpochapu niile adịghị ike nke égbè ya na olileanya na ha ga-enye ya ohere ọzọ. Site na njedebe nke oge opupu ihe ubi nke otu afọ e kere a pụrụ iche na ọrụ na-amata na Tokarev na Simonov systems na okwu nke ulo oru na ụba na feasibility.

Ọ kwubiri na CBT e hụrụ na-ọzọ mfe ma na-erughị oké ọnụ Nlụpụta. Ma, Committee of Defense nke USSR, na-agbalịsi ngwangwa rearmament, emeghị agbahapụ si echiche nke uka mmepụta Tokarev égbè. Ya mere akụkọ ya dechara Simonov akpaka égbè, agha review nke bụ isiokwu nke mkparịta ụka anyị.

Tokarev mmepụta a guzosie ike na-erughị ọnwa isii, na site na October 1, 1939, oké mmepụta. Nzọụkwụ mbụ ọ gụnyere Tula osisi, nke na nke a kwụsịrị mmepụta nke Mosin égbè. Na 1940 a nlereanya ígwè nakwa na Izhevsky ogwe factory, nke e mbụ na-emepụta AVS-36.

The N'ihi nke ọrụ

ABC-36 (akpaka égbè Simonov sample afọ 1936) ka a dum bụ a pụrụ ịdabere na-ezu maka uka eji na ndị agha. Ọ bụghị ihe dị mfe imewe na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mgbagwoju shapes mere ya mmepụta bụ kwa oké ọnụ na okwu nke oge ya na ego. Ke adianade do, ya ntọhapụ fọrọ nke nta niile nkebi achọ nkà dị ukwuu anya.

Égbè imewe na-enye ohere ya nzukọ enweghị kpochidoro unit. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi na ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá agha pụrụ ọbụna gbaa. N'ihe banyere nke shot erite na-ebibi, na slide otu ama ogologo azụ ka shooter. The mbụ kpochidoro nkpirikpi a na-adịghị n'onye ezi omume. Ke adianade do, mgbe eduhie ndị vitality nke akpalite.

Ndị a nile akpaka égbè Simonov, onye mere anyị enyocha, na-echeta dị ka nke mbụ ya ụdị ngwá agha, adiaha site oke na ogwe aka na gafere ule na ọgụ ọnọdụ. Ọ na-ghọrọ ndị mbụ atụ nke na ngwá agha na USSR, kere kpere site anụ ụlọ engineer, mụtara na-etinye n'ime uka mmepụta. N'ihi ya oge ABC-36 bụ ezi égbè.

Ọ bụ na-akpali mara na Finnish Army weghaara égbè Simonov họọrọ égbè Tokarev SVT, nke e weere ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na.

sniper version

A obere ọnụ ọgụgụ e wepụtara na 1936 sniper égbè ABC. Ebe ọ bụ na nọrọ cartridges A tụbara elu na-atụ, ndị na-emepụta kpebiri isana mgbodo na-ekpe nke ngwa anya anya axis nke gbọmgbọm. Optics e aiming reticle na abụọ kwụ na otu vetikal eri. Ụzọ ọpụpụ nwa akwụkwọ n'obosara ra ka 7.6 mm, ọ na-napụrụ eyepiece oghere na 85 mm. The n'anya mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe oyiyi ugboro anọ. The ike nke sniper version adịghị si dị iche na a ot akpaka égbè Simonov, foto enthusiasts ndị mụtaworo ọtụtụ ngwá agha.