Alexander Dovzhenko - Ukrainian screenwriter, director: biography, creativity

Dovzhenko Aleksandr Petrovich nwere a nnukwu mmetụta na Soviet sinima. Ya aha ya bụ mgbe a film mmepụta studio. Ma ọ bụ naanị ndị director na-ede egwuregwu. Na n'ala nna ya, na Ukraine, ọ na-mara dị ka onye edemede, na-ede uri na-ede edemede. Dovzhenko gbalịrị aka ya na art. Ma nke kasị ihe ịga nke ọma-enweta na ubi nke screenwriting. O dere, sị ejije, akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na style of socialist nsiridi.

Na Alexander Dovzhenko bụ a siri ike akara aka, nke anyị ga-ekpuchi a n'isiokwu a. Caressed site Soviet ọchịchị, na-eto eto nke abụọ Stalin Nrite na Ndị mmadụ Artist nke RSFSR, o nwere n'oge gara aga ahụmahụ nke na-alụ ọgụ n'akụkụ ọzọ na Red. Eziokwu a na-mara site na ole na ole. Ma ndị kasị ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na USSR na-agụ ya "Magnum opus" - "enchanted Desna". Na ya kasị epoch na-eme na-arụ ọrụ nke ubi nke sinima bụ film "Earth".

nwata

Dị ka ntinye ke aha nke Reunion of Trinity Church Sosnitsa obodo (ugbu a district center nke Chernigov mpaghara, Ukraine), Alexander Dovzhenko a mụrụ a ugbo Vyunische August 29, 1894. New style, a kwekọrọ na September 10.

The nna ya na nne amaghị akwụkwọ nkịtị. Nna nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu director, Petr Semenovich, bụ nwa nke Poltava Chumakov, onye biri na Sosnitsa dị n'etiti iri na asatọ na narị afọ. Usoro ọmụmụ mgbọrọgwụ ụdị Dovzhenko ike deere na 1760s. Ọ maara na ndị nna nna nna nke onye dere, Taras, bụ oké storyteller. Onyinye a na-ketara na obere Sashko.

The ezinụlọ ekesịpde a nnukwu ibé ala, ma biri na ịda ogbenye, n'ihi na ala bụ nweghị ike ọmụmụ. Nke iri na anọ na mụrụ ụmụ na-arụ ọrụ-afọ ọbọhọ naanị atọ: Bellamy onwe ya, nwanne ya nwoke na nwanne Pauline Trifon. Ugboro ọnwụ etched m na ebe nchekwa na director. "Na n'ụlọ anyị mgbe niile, we buru eze na-eli ozu na iru újú," - o dere mgbe e mesịrị. Na banyere uri mkpụrụ obi nke nne-ya, ọ sịrị: "Ọ mụrụ na songs, ma dum ndụ ákwá, ịhụ ụmụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi."

ọzụzụ

Na akwụkwọ elementrị na Sosnitsa Alexander Dovzhenko o gosiri nti utịp na ọchịchọ maka ihe ọmụma. N'ihi na papa m kpebiri ịnọgide na-azụ nwa ya. O rere nke asaa nke ala-ha ka Bellamy mere ka akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, na mgbe ahụ na 1911, ọ banyere pedagogical Institute na Glukhov. Nke a na-eto eto na mahadum Dovzhenko họọrọ bụghị n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ịghọ onye nkụzi, ma n'ihi na ọ na e nyere a mfọn, otu narị na iri abụọ rubles a afọ. Na na ulo akwukwo, ọdịnihu dere zutere Ukrainian akwụkwọ, nke na a Russified akụkụ nke alaeze ukwu bụ n'okpuru mmachibido iwu. Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ Dovzhenko e zigara na-akụzi na Zhytomyr.

Onye dere na ya oge

Mmalite nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Alexander Dovzhenko, a obere biography a kọwara n'isiokwu a na-aghọta ka a jingo. Ọ ịnụ ọkụ n'obi tụbara azọ ije aga agha agha na okooko osisi na a afọ ole na ole malite ile anya na azụ site n'ihu "ihere na mwute." Na otu oge Dovzhenko abịakwute Ukrainian mba ntọhapụ ije.

February mgbanwe nke 1917, ọ na-kacha enyi nnọọ anụ ọkụ n'obi. Mgbe e mesịrị mmechuihu na ya, ọ na-akọwa nkenke: "Na a mgbanwe, m na-adịghị gụnyere ndị ụzọ." Mgbe Civil Agha wee daa, Dovzhenko wee wepụta ke agha ndị UNR, na ya na atọ Serdutskaya ndi agha stormed Kiev "Arsenal". Afọ iri na otu gachara, director egosi na ihe ndị mere na film, iwepụ na ọ wee akụkụ ke ha na akụkụ nke Black Gaidamakov. Ebe ọ bụ na-abịa na ike Skoropadsky Dovzhenko mgbaba ka Zhitomir. Alaghachi Kiev, ọ ghọrọ onye na-amụrụ nke Ukraine Academy nke Arts.

"Red" oge biography

Ugbua na iri abụọ, Alexander Dovzhenko e edikpu na mba-bourgeois echiche. Maara onye dere Vasily Blakytnym mere ka Marxism ụwa. Ọ dịkarịa ala, nke ahụ bụ ihe director onwe ya dere ya autobiography nke 1939. O sonyeere Borotbists. Ndị òtù nke a party mgbe sonyeere Communist Party (Bolsheviks) nke Ukraine. Nke a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ekpe Dovzhenko ekwe ka ogide a ma ama na ọnọdụ: Secretary nke Kiev Department of Education, Isi nke Art Department. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na USSR plenipotentiary onodi na Poland (1921) na Trade onodi nke Ukrainian Republic na Germany. Ọnụnọ ya na Berlin, onye na-ese Dovzhenko-eji were ihe si expressionist Villi Gekkelya. Na Germany, onye na-ese-diplomaati ndọ Barbara Krylova. Ma, dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, ndị na ọnụnọ bụ Borotbists black stampụ maka ọchịchị ọhụrụ. Dovzhenko chetara na Ukraine, na-anapụ a party kaadị.

ụwa sinima

Ebe ọ bụ na 1923, Dovzhenko biri na Kharkov - akpa isi obodo nke Soviet Ukraine. B. Iji Blakytnogo enye osịmde cartoonist akwụkwọ akụkọ "News VUTSVK", na-egosipụtakwa nke akwụkwọ (akpan akpan, "-acha anụnụ anụnụ ụgbọ oloko" Petra Pancha). N'oge a ọ na-anya converges na edemede gburugburu "Hart", nke e iji na sinima.

Alexander Dovzhenko, onye fim ga-ahụ admirers ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị, enweghị akwụkwọ, enweghị ahụmahụ na-eduzi. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-amalite na-arụ ọrụ na film studio na Odessa. Otu nke mbụ ya ọlu-ha chara n'ahụhụ "Red Army" na sere "Na oké ọhịa."

Dovzhenko na-agba mbọ na ya onwe ya na ọrụ nke a so dee. A na ubi ọ na-emepụta a play maka ụmụaka na-akpọ "Vasya na Reformer."

Na set nke "Ịhụnanya nke Tomato" Dovzhenko zutere Danilo Demutsky, na a tandem gwara site na ọrụ a na-setịpụụrụ afọ na-abịa. Ọnụ ha ike a otutu akpali gbalaga.

Dovzhenko: Filmografii

The mbụ ọrụ, nke natara ude bụ "Zvenigora". Na nke a 1928 sere nwe n'otu lyrics na Satire nke revolutionary The Epic. The film "Earth" (1930), fọrọ nke nta ozugbo mgbe ntọhapụ E wepụrụ mgbazinye.

Ma picture "Ivan" (1932) wetara ya nso na Stalin. Ha-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi, ka e mesịrị, director na-enweta na-ege ntị na akaike. Na 1939, Dovzhenko maka kpọmkwem iwu si Stalin na-ewe "omenala" film "Shchors". N'ihi na nke a teepu ozigbo natara kasị elu award.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1934, Dovzhenko biri na Moscow na-akwụ ukwuu anya ọrụ odide. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, o nyere ọtụtụ akụkọ, dere, sị edemede na isiokwu.

ihere

Mbọhọ ike (karịsịa Stalin) nwere a downside. Na 1943, Dovzhenko dere ede maka film "Ukraine ọkụ." Otú ọ dị, ezi na-atụghị anya, na a nzukọ nke Politburo nke CPSU (b), a ọrụ e doro defamation. The script bụ nnọọ ọjọọ review na Stalin.

Na 1944, director Alexander Dovzhenko turu ime in-a me film "Life bụ na oge ntoju." Dị ka vnasmeshku, ndị ọchịchị choro ọ tọghata a picture n'ihi ideological chọrọ. Dovzhenko gbalịrị ka kacha mma o nwere ike. N'ihi ya, hụ na i meziri si n'ihu ọha na-adịghị ike nkiri a na-akpọ "Michurin" jupụtara promotional ndebiri.

Ọbụna ihe mwute eke dakwasịrị ikpeazụ ọrụ onye nduzi. State iji "Goodbye, America!" Ndi turu ime dabeere na ọrụ nke perebezhchitsy States na USSR Annabella Byukar. Mgbe ndị égbè wee ikpeazụ ogbo, ndị Kremlin bịara iji kwụsị ọrụ na eserese.

Ọnwụ ná mba ọzọ

Alexander Dovzhenko mbụ obi agha ka na-e kere eke nke "Michurin". Ná ngwụsị nke ndụ ya, ọ kụziiri na VGIK. Ọ chọrọ ka ha laghachi Ukraine, ma ndị ọchịchị na-enyeghị ya ikike ime otú ahụ.

Dovzhenko zubere The Epic ọrụ - dee a nchụàjà "Golden Gate". Ọzọkwa na ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu atụmatụ bụ dee a script picture "Uri nke Oké Osimiri". N'ụbọchị mbụ nke na-agbapụ ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ nwụrụ nke a obi ọgụ. E liri ya na Novodevichy Ili Ozu na Moscow.