Alloying ọcha. Mmetụta nke alloying ọcha na Njirimara nke nchara na alloys

ifịk ojiji nke metal ngwaahịa nwere ike hụrụ na ndị na-ewu, ụlọ ọrụ na ebe ụfọdụ nke ọrụ ugbo. Ọzọkwa, otu metal dabere na ubi nke iji kwupụta iche iche oru na arụmọrụ Njirimara. Nke a nwere ike kọwara doping Filiks. Nkà na ụzụ na usoro nke a isi billet enweta ọhụrụ àgwà ma ọ bụ welite na ẹdude atụmatụ. Nke a na-facilitated site n'ọrụ ọcha, alloying Njirimara nke ime ka chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ Filiks nke mgbanwe ke metal Ọdịdị.

Isi alloying ọcha

Big ma ambiguous uru doping Filiks bụ carbon. Na otu aka, ya ịta na metal Ọdịdị nke iji nke 1.2% na-eme ka dịkwuo ike, ekweghị ekwe na oyi na-atụ brittleness larịị, na ndị ọzọ - ọ na-ebelata thermal conductivity na njupụta nke ihe onwunwe. Ma, ọbụna nke a abụghị mkpa. Dị ka ihe niile dị n'eluigwe na ụwa nke alloy, ọ na-kwukwara na-arụ na usoro nke nhazi n'okpuru mmetụta siri ike nke okpomọkụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe niile adịghị na ifịk ifịk mmiri na-edebe na Ọdịdị mgbe ẹkụre ọrụ. Dị nnọọ carbon nwere ike ịnọgide na-ahụ metal na dabere n'elu chọrọ e ji mara nke ikpeazụ ngwaahịa technology Kpebie metal ejegharịrị ma ọ bụ ịnọgide na-enwe ya ugbu a na àgwà. Nke ahụ bụ, ha nwere ike ịdị iche iche na ọkwa nke carbon doping site a pụrụ iche na ime.

Na-na ndepụta nke isi ihe nke doping nwere ike mere nke sịlịkọn na manganese. Akpa ẹkenam lekwasịrị Ọdịdị na a kacha nta pasent (karịa 0.4%) na obere mmetụta na mgbanwe nke workpiece enweghị àgwà. O sina dị, nke a akụrụngwa bụ manganese na ọ dị oké mkpa ka a deoxidizing gị n'ụlọnga na a nragide. A Njirimara ime ka isi alloying ọcha nke eziokwu nke ihe owuwu, nke ka na usoro nke doping eme ka o kwe nghọta nke ndị ọzọ organic ama ifịk ọcha na adịghị.

Inyeaka alloying ọcha

Na otu a ọcha a na-agụnye titanium, molybdenum, boron, vanadium, wdg The kasị mara nnọchiteanya nke a njikọ bụ molybdenum, nke a na-eji na chrome ígwè. Karịsịa, na-enyemaka nke metal na-abawanye hardenability, nakwa dị ka belata fọrọ hladolomkosti. Bara uru n'ihi na ewu steels, na ojiji nke molybdenum mmiri. Nke a irè alloy ọcha ke nchara, nke na-enye ike na static ike nke ọla, mgbe iwepu ihe ize ndụ nke esịtidem ọxịdashọn. Ma titanium, ọ na-eji infrequently na naanị otu ozi - egweri ọka Ọdịdị na chromium-manganese alloys. Ezubere nwere ike kwuru ka calcium na-edu ndú. Ha na-eji maka metal blanks, nke na-ahụ doro ịcha arụmọrụ.

Nhazi ọkwa alloying ọcha

Na mgbakwunye na-ukwuu nhazi nkewa nke alloying ọcha na isi na inyeaka, na-emetụtakwa ndị ọzọ, ihe kpọmkwem ihe ịrịba ama nke dị iche iche. Ka ihe atụ, na-arụzi ụgbọala nke mmetụta na e ji mara alloys na ígwè ọcha na-ekewa atọ ige:

• Emetụta guzobe carbides.
• Na polymorphic mgbanwe.
• Na e guzobere intermetallic ogige.

Mkpa iburu n'obi na na onye ọ bụla nke atọ mgbe mmetụta nke alloying ọcha na Njirimara nke intermetallic ogige nwekwara dabere na ndị ọzọ adịghị. Dị ka ihe atụ, uru nwere ike a ịta nke otu carbon ma ọ bụ ígwè. E nwekwara a nhazi ọkwa nke ọcha na-ama polymorphic mgbanwe nke odidi nke mmetụta. Karịsịa, nnọpụiche ọcha na-ekwe ka ọnụnọ nke alloyed ferrite na alloy, na-ha analogues, ezigbo stabilization akwalite austenite afọ ojuju n'agbanyeghị okpomọkụ.

Mmetụta nke alloying na alloys na steels

E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ na nke qualitative e ji mara nke ígwè nwere ike mma. Nke mbụ bụ anụ ahụ àgwà ndị na-ekpebi technical akụ ihe. Doping na akụkụ a nwere ike dịkwuo ike, ductility, ekweghị ekwe na hardenability. Ọzọ mmetụta dị mma nke ntụziaka nke alloying ọcha bụ iji melite mgbochi Njirimara. Na nke a, ọ bụ inye mmetụta na-eguzogide, red ekweghị ekwe, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na elu fọrọ nke corrosive mbibi. N'ihi na ụfọdụ ngwa ọla na-kwadebere ma nyere electrochemical Njirimara. Na nke a, na alloying ọcha nwere ike iji mee welie eletriki na thermal conductivity, ọxịdashọn eguzogide, na otú magnitopronitsaemosti. D.

Akụkụ nke mmetụta nke na-emerụ admixtures

Ahụkarị nnọchiteanya nke na-emerụ adịghị na site na sọlfọ ahụ. Na-akwanyere site, ọ na-nyere na ígwè compound ike nke na-akpụ a na-emebi emebi mkpụrụ a nọgidere na-mgbe alloying. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, nke pụrụ ịkpata alloy tụfuru ya elu ogo njupụta na kenyere brittleness. Otú ọ dị, compound na carbon na-enye a nke oma omume rụọ mgbawa nkewa usoro. Nke a quality mmemmem machining Filiks. Sọlfọ, n'aka, bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ umi. Ọ bụrụ na mmetụta nke alloying ọcha na nchara dị ka a dum na-aduak ka mma na ihe onwunwe nke iguzogide mpụga mmetụta, a eliminates admixture dị ka otu ìgwè. Ka ihe atụ, ya elu ịta na Ọdịdị na-eduga ná ụba attrition eguzogide mbenata metal ike ọgwụgwụ na-ebelata corrosion eguzogide.

n'ịrụ doping Technology

A na doping a rụrụ n'okpuru ígwè mmepụta na bụ na-elekọta ma ọ bụ iwebata nke wụrụ awụ uka nke ọzọ ọcha tụlere n'elu. Dị ka a n'ihi nke okpomọkụ omume na Ọdịdị e nwere chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ Filiks nke ogige nke akpan akpan bekee na deformation. N'ihi ya, alloying ọcha ekwe iji melite ogo nke ígwè na ngwaahịa.

ọgwụgwụ

Doping bụ a mgbagwoju usoro mgbanwe e ji mara nke metal. Complexity ya tumadi mejupụtara na nhọrọ nke ezigbo mbụ ntụziaka iji nweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ Njirimara ka preform. Dị ka ekwuola, mmetụta nke alloying ọcha nke iche iche ma ambiguous. Otu na otu nọ n'ọrụ akụrụngwa nke mmako nwere ike, n'ihi na ihe atụ, n'otu oge melite ike nke metal na ịkparị ya thermal conductivity. The ọrụ nke injinia bụ ịzụlite a na-emeri Nchikota ọcha ga-eme ka ndị metal akụkụ ma ọ bụ Ọdịdị kasị kwesị ekwesị maka ya àgwà na okwu nke a akpan akpan nzube.